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Index

A Catena of Buddhist Scriptures from the Chinese 153n37, 154n38, 156
See also Beal, Samuel
A kya qutuγtu 331
A myes zhabs Ngag dbang kun dga’ bsod nams 93, 94, 96n22, 104
A Thousand Fists (khu tshur ‘bum) 122
Abhisamayālankāra (Ornament of Realization) 12, 242, 253–266, 268, 269, 271–275, 371
-namaprajñaparamitopadesa sastravṛtti see Clear Meaning Commentary
See also Prajñāpāramitā
Ādi Buddha 215
Āgama (Ahan 阿含) 12, 237, 242, 244, 269–274
See also Dīrghāgama; Ekōttarāgama; Madhyamāgama; Saṃyuktāgama
ālaya vijñāna 155–156, 164
Altan Khan IX, 321, 322n27, 327, 328n48, 329, 335
Amban 111, 113, 114, 115n20, 116n22, 120, 122–124, 128n85, 132, 185, 188
Amdo 10, 94, 106, 331n57
Amitābha (Amituo 阿彌陀, Wuliangshou Fo 無量壽佛; tshe dpag tu med pa’i sangs rgyas) 78, 79, 82, 127, 129, 165, 185, 197, 198, 335, 337, 339, 340, 341, 344, 347, 353
Amoghavajra (Bukong 不空) 82n64, 172, 176n10, 179, 180, 213
Aṅgaja (yan lag ‘byung) 78
Anuttarayoga tantra 206, 209, 212
arhat 68n2
Dragon-subduing (Xianglong luohan 降龍羅漢) 9, 67, 73, 74
eighteen 9, 67, 73, 340
initiated 152, 154, 155
sixteen 10, 67, 70–72, 74–80, 365
ten great 347
Tiger-taming (Fuhu luohan 伏虎羅漢) 9, 67, 73, 78
worldly-abiding (zhushi luohan 住世羅漢) 9, 67–71, 74–75, 77
See also Nandimitrāvadāna
Āryadeva 205, 206, 208, 209
Asaṅga 205, 206, 208, 257n14
Aśvaghoṣa 232
Atiśa (Dīpaṃkaraśrījñāna) 77, 78, 85, 101, 198, 199, 204, 210, 212, 235, 241, 348
Atiyoga 31, 32n35, 33
See also Great Perfection
Atwood, Christopher 124
availability 13, 278, 288, 289, 292, 293, 296, 303–313, 372
See also preference
Avalokiteśvara (Guanyin 觀音, spyan ras gzigs/Chenrezik) 30, 79, 82, 153n37, 180, 194, 196, 197, 300, 307, 325, 333, 337–341
See also Guanyin Pumen Pin; Guanyinsi
Avataṃsaka Sūtra see Huayan jing
Baisigou 3
See also manuscripts
Baoerhan fota 寶爾汗佛塔 see Burqan stūpa
Baosheng rulai 寶勝如來 81, 82, 84
Baotang 保唐 83, 84
barbarian 112, 113, 115, 117–119, 123, 132, 133, 189, 367
See also lho bal; manmo; yi
Baγa juu (Xiaozhao 小召) 322
Beal, Samuel 153n37, 156
See also A Catena of Buddhist Scriptures from the Chinese
Beijing 13, 73, 125, 127, 130, 182, 183, 186, 188, 190, 191, 203, 204, 227, 254, 256, 306, 307, 309, 327, 328, 333, 354
Bhāvanākrama (sGom pa’i rim pa tha ma) 33n35, 41, 47, 57, 60
bKa’ ’gyur see Kanjur
bKa’ brgyud pa see Kagyupa
bKa’ chems kha khol ma 58
bKa’ thang sde lnga 32, 44n57, 103
bla ma lnga bcu pa see Fifty Stanzas for Serving the Master
bla rung sgar see Five Sciences Buddhist Academy
Blavatsky, Helena Petrovna 11, 141–167, 368
See also Isis Unveiled; The Secret Doctrine; Theosophical Society; Tibetan Theosophy
Blofeld, John 227
Blue Annals (Deb ther sngon po) 40n51, 51n71, 76, 102
bodhicitta (putixin 菩提心) 196, 198, 199, 225, 255, 261, 266–269, 273, 354n87, 371
Bodhidharma (Damo 達摩) 10, 21, 27, 33n35, 34–38, 44n57, 51n71, 59, 82–84, 189
bodhisattva (pusa jie 菩薩) 56, 150n29, 255, 256, 259, 260, 263, 265, 266, 268, 269, 271–274, 371
hall 333, 335
king 127
precepts (pusa jie 菩薩戒) 230–236, 239n63, 241, 243
See also Brahmā’s Net sūtra; Yogācāra precepts
Bon 30, 55, 59, 100, 194, 196
Bore boluomiduo xinjing 般若波羅蜜多心經 see Heart Sūtra
Brahmā’s Net sūtra (Fanwang jing 梵網經) 234, 236
See also Bodhisattva precepts
’Bras spungs see Drepung
’Brog mi Shākya ye shes 92, 93, 95–97
’Brom ston Rgyal ba’i ’byung gnas 101
Brotherhood 142, 149, 152, 155
bsam gtan (Yujia mu zhi chanding 瑜伽目之禪定) 31
bSam gtan mig sgron (Chanding muju 禪定目炬, rNal ‘byor mig gi) 27n17, 31–35, 38, 40, 44n57, 47, 50, 59, 60
bSam yas see Samye
bSod nams mchog grub 77
bstan ’gyur see Tanjur
Bu ston rin chen grub 55, 204, 210, 211
-chos ‘byung (History of Buddhism) 42, 55
Budai 布袋 83
See also Maitreya
Buddha and Early Buddhism 142, 147, 151
See also Lillie, Arthur
Buddha-king 123, 124, 130–132
Buddhist Association 191, 227n9, 317n5, 324, 330, 334, 341, 355n117
Buddhist Catechism 141, 142
See also Olcott, Henry Steel
Buddhist identity 244, 297, 370
Buddhist modernism 237
Buddhist School 330, 334
Burqan stūpa (Baoerhan fota 寶爾汗佛塔, Burqan suburγa) IX, X, 330, 344–350
Burnouf, Eugène 202, 204, 207, 214, 215
Byams pa lung bstan pa see Maitreyāvyakaraṇa
Byang chub lam gyi sgron ma (Lamp on the Path to Awakening) 204, 212
See also Atiśa
byang chub sems gzhung lam zhes bya ba see Explanation of the Bodhisattva Moral Conduct
Bzhag ra Lha rtse (Yala Mountain) 91, 95
Cakrasaṃvara tantra 212
calm see śamatha
Calm and Insight meditation (zhi gnas lhag mthong zung du ‘brel) 38
See also śamatha; vipaśyanā
Candrakīrti 204, 205, 209
Cha gan Dbang phyug rgyal mtshan 92, 95, 96
Chan 禪 5n19, 21, 22, 27–29, 31, 33, 35–38, 40, 44, 45, 47, 48, 50–52, 54, 57–60, 83, 84, 203n25, 241, 244, 270n50, 290, 298, 348n95, 349n97, 364
See also Tibetan Chan
Chanding muju 禪定目炬 see bSam gtan mig sgron
Chang ahan jing 長阿含經 see Dīrghāgama
charity 125, 155, 350
Chengdu 227, 228, 238, 253, 258, 354
Chinese Buddhist canon 180n16, 213, 254–258, 260, 262, 269, 274, 275
Chinese religious market (black, gray and red market) 283
Chinggis Khan 116
See also Yuan dynasty
Chongde 崇德 see Ming dynasty
Chongqing 228n12, 238
Chos ‘byung me tog snying po 44n57, 48n65, 50
chos skyong see Dharma guardian/protector
cig car ba/ston mun see Instantaneism
civilize/civilizing (hua 化) 115, 118, 119, 122, 123, 132, 133
Cizhou 慈舟 237n53
Clauson, Gerald L.M. 2
Clear Meaning Commentary (Abhisamayālaṅkāra namaprajñaparamitopadesa sastravṛtti; shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa’i man ngag gi bstan bcos mngon par rtogs pa’i rgyan zhes bya ba’i ’grel pa; Xianzheng zhuangyan lun xianming yishu 現證莊嚴論顯明義疏) 258–261, 264, 265, 273
See also Abhisamayālankāra; Prajñāpāramitā
combined practice (shuangxiu 雙修, yuantong 圓通) 12, 226, 237, 241, 270
See also exoteric and esoteric
Confucianism/Confucian 24, 119, 125, 127, 132, 185, 186, 303
consecration objects 345
Cordier, Palmyr Uldéric Alexis 204
cultural heritage 317n5, 328, 351
cultural hybridity 2
Cultural Revolution 214, 232, 281, 319–322, 324n31, 334n68, 349n97, 338
Da bore boluomiduo jing 大般若波羅蜜多經 see Mahāprajñāpāramitā Sūtra
Da’aluohan nantimiduoluo suoshuo fazhu ji 大阿羅漢難提蜜多羅所說法住記 see Nandimitrāvadāna
Daishun, Ueyama 29
Dalai Lama 120, 123, 125n64, 129, 184, 185, 187, 188, 199
See also Fifth Dalai Lama
Damo 達摩 see Bodhidharma
Damoduoluo chanjing 達摩多羅禪經 (*Dharmatrātadhyāna) 83
Daoism/Daoist 7, 59, 74n28, 317, 322n24, 324, 325, 351, 356n120
Daoxuan 道宣 226, 233
Das, Sarat Chandra 120
dayuanman 大圓滿 see Great Perfection
Dazhaosi 大召寺 see Yeke juu
Dazhidu Lun 大智度論 (Treatise on the Mahāprajñāpāramitā Sūtra) 262
See also Mahāprajñāpāramitā
Dbus pa Dge’ gser 100, 102
de Kőrös, Alexander Csoma 144, 202
de la Vallée Poussin, Louis 173n5, 177n11, 204, 207, 208, 214
Deb ther dmar po (Red Annals) 104
Deb ther sngon po see Blue Annals
della Penna, Francesco Orazio 149–151, 154, 158, 162–165
Demiéville, Paul 29
democratization of patronage 281
Dga’ ldan (Ganden) monastery 190, 199
Dge ‘dun choe ‘phel 121
dGe lugs pa see Gelugpa
dhāraṇī (tuoluoni 陀羅尼) 163, 171, 173n5, 175–178, 180, 181, 187, 208, 215, 216
Dharma guardian/protector (chos skyong, dharmapāla) 9, 67, 68, 72n15, 73, 77, 78, 94n19, 129, 131, 334, 340, 341n78, 343, 349
Dharmaguptaka (Sifenlü 四分律) 228, 231–234, 236, 237, 241, 243, 244, 370
See also vinaya
Dharmakīrti 201, 205, 206, 208
Dharmapāla 212
See also Dharma guardian/protector
Dharmatāla 9, 10, 67, 78–85
Dharmatrātadhyāna see Damoduoluo chanjing
dhyāna (sgom pa, meditation) 31–40, 47, 52, 56, 60, 165, 187, 209, 225, 236, 239, 243, 284, 297, 298, 338, 352
See also Chan
Diamond Sūtra (Jingang bore boluomi jing 金剛般若波羅蜜經) 257, 260
See also Prajñāpāramitā
Diemberger, Hildegard 42
Dignāga 205, 206, 208
Dīrghāgama (Chang ahan jing 長阿含經, Longer Āgama Sūtra) 269n49
See also Āgama
dishi dabao fawang 帝師大寶法王 (Imperial Preceptor, Great Precious) 187
See also Imperial Preceptor
divination 24, 58, 130
See also fortune telling
Dizang 地藏 (Kṣitigarbha) 338, 342, 348
Dizang Sūtra (Kṣitigarbha sūtra) 300, 301–304, 307, 341n80, 347
Dongchu 東初 7
Dongzhan 董氈 104
See also Tsongkha
Dpal chen Rgwa lo 91
Drepung (‘Bras spungs) monastery 227–229, 239n63, 240, 243, 254
du zhongsheng 度眾生 see liberate living beings
’dul ba rgya mtso’i snying see Essence of the Vinaya Ocean
’dul ba’i mdo rtsa ba see Vinayasūtra
Dung dkar sprul sku see Thub bstan ’jigs med rgya mtsho
Dunhuang 3, 4, 81, 189
Guiyijun period 3
manuscripts of 3, 24, 27–29, 32, 36, 37, 42, 44, 72, 73, 83, 84
Mogao Caves 2, 72, 74n30, 81
paintings 72, 74n30, 81
Tibetan dominion over 2, 27
See also manuscripts
Dunwu dacheng zhengli jue 頓悟大乘正理決 28, 29, 35–38, 44–47, 52
Duobaojiangsi 多寶講寺 228n12, 230n19, 236n49, 308n45
eclectic/eclecticism 278, 290, 292, 305, 310, 312
toolkit 13, 288–291, 293, 298, 306, 310–314
See also exclusivist
effigy (ngar mi) 100
Ekōttarāgama (Zengyi ahan jing 增一阿含經, Increased by One Āgama Sūtra) 68, 270n49
See also Āgama
Emeishan 4, 228n12
erbuseng jie 二部僧戒 see ordination
erru xixing 二入四行 see Two Entrances and Four Conducts
esoteric/tantric (mi 密) 6, 7, 26, 82, 84, 85, 144, 147, 152, 155, 173n5, 175–177, 236–238, 240–244, 279–282, 288, 292, 296, 297, 307–313, 370, 372
Buddhism 3n6, 10, 11, 57, 84, 141, 143, 144, 148, 152, 155, 159, 170n2, 173n5, 176n10, 236, 241, 278–281, 285, 288, 289n26, 296, 301n43, 309, 313, 368, 372
See also exoteric and esoteric; Tantra; Tantrism; Tantric Buddhism; Vajrayāna
Esoteric Buddhism (book by Sinnett) 143, 160
See also Sinnett, Alfred Percy
Esposito, Monica V, 1, 7, 8, 13, 61, 246
Essence of the Vinaya Ocean (Lühai xinyao 律海心要, ’dul ba rgya mtso’i snying) 231, 232
ethnic minority/nationality see minority ethnic group
exclusivist 278, 288, 290, 372
See also eclectic
Exorcism 10, 101, 107, 121
exoteric (xian 顯) 9, 26, 144, 148, 164–166, 240–245, 279, 280, 296, 307, 309, 313
and esoteric (xianmi 顯密) 6, 12, 173n5, 226, 236n51, 240, 241, 243, 279, 282, 296, 370
Buddhism 148, 236, 242, 308
See also combined practice
Explanation of the Bodhisattva Moral Conduct (byang chub sems gzhung lam zhes bya ba) 235
Fahai 法海 7, 8n35
Fahua jing 法華經 see Lotus Sūtra
fangsheng 放生 (release of living creatures) 295, 297, 308, 310, 341
Fanwang jing 梵網經 see Brahmā’s Net sūtra
Fazhu ji 法住記 see Nandimitrāvadāna
Fazun 法尊 234n36, 235, 258n18
festival 13, 326n38, 330–332, 337, 341, 352, 353, 357
Fifth Dalai Lama 75n34, 76n37, 77n42, 79n48, 93, 94n18, 122n56, 188
Fifty Stanzas for Serving the Master (Gurupañcaśika, bla ma lnga bcu pa) 232
Five Sciences Buddhist Academy (Wuming foxueyuan 五明佛學院, Larung gar/ bla rung sgar) 283, 284, 286, 293, 294n34, 296, 298, 311, 313n40, 344, 345n85, 348n92, 349, 353
study groups/classes (in Han China) 292–294, 296–299, 303
See also Longduo Danzeng Rongbo
Foguangshan 佛光山 302
Fojiao 佛教 177, 189, 190, 193, 203n65
fortune telling 130, 305, 306
See also divination
Four Medical Tantras (Rgyud bzhi) 120, 122
Fozu lidai tongzai 佛祖歷代統記 (Complete Records of the Buddha and Generations of Patriarchs) 185, 194n48
Fu Kang’an 福康安 126
Fuhu luohan 伏虎羅漢 see arhat
Gansu 73, 105, 191, 282n11, 318n5
Gelug(pa) (dGe lugs pa) 12, 56, 57, 101, 111, 129, 131, 164, 173n5, 225–228, 230, 231, 234–245, 253, 254n6, 258, 317, 348, 349, 353, 370
glud (ransom) 100
gnas brtan (sthavira) 74, 77n43, 79n48, 80
gNubs chen Sangs rgyas ye shes 31, 33–40
‘Gos (Lotsāba) Gzhon nu dpal 40n51, 76, 102
See also Blue Annals
Gradualism (rim gyis pa/tsen men) 9, 22, 28, 29, 31–35, 43, 46, 52, 54, 55, 178, 241, 242, 245, 265–267, 273, 274, 371
Great Debate of Samye/bSam yas see Great Debate of Tibet
Great Debate of Tibet 5, 9, 22, 23, 28–33, 35, 36, 40–47, 49–51, 55, 56, 60, 364
Great Exposition of the Fifty Verses for Master Devotion (Shi shi wushi song guanjie 事師五十頌廣解) 231
Great Perfection (rDogs chen/Dzogchen, Dayuanman 大圓滿) 5n19, 7, 50, 52, 347
Gru gu Ston pa 94
Grub mtha’ sel gyi me long (Crystal Mirror of Doctrinal Systems) 57, 204
grwa bzhi (Grwa bzhi) 123, 131
gter ma (terma) 32, 51, 93n13
gto ritual 99, 100
Gtsang 91, 92, 94, 186, 190
Guan Xiu 貫休 71n12–13, 72n15, 73
Guandi 關帝 130, 338
Guandi temple (Guandimiao 關帝廟) 123, 124, 329n50, 339n74
Guangjisi 廣濟寺 227, 353
Guanyi 貫一 227, 230
Guanyin Pumen Pin 觀音普門品 (Universal Door of Guanyin Bodhisattva) 300n39
See also spyan ras gzigs
Guanyinsi 觀音寺 (Guanyinmiao 觀音廟) IX, X, 13, 318, 319, 324–326, 328–330, 337–344, 348–350, 352–356, 373
Guhyasamāja 335
tantra 200, 209, 212
Guiyijun period see Dunhuang
Guṇaprabha 205, 233, 234
Gurkha 10, 111, 114, 123, 124n64, 126, 130, 132
Gurupañcaśika see Fifty Stanzas for Serving the Master
Gyi ljang 10, 90–107, 366
Gyi ljang Dbu dkar ba see Gyi ljang
Gyōnen 凝然 172n4, 178–180, 213
gZhon nu dpal see ‘Gos (Lotsāba) Gzhon nu dpal
Gzhon nu sangs rgyas see Kumārabuddha
ha la shan see Helan Mountains
Hailancha 124
HanZang fojiao 漢藏佛教 see Sino-Tibetan Buddhism
HanZang foxue 漢藏佛學 see Sino-Tibetan Buddhist studies
HanZang jiaoli yuan 漢藏教理院 see Sino-Tibetan Institute of Studies
Haribhadra (Seng ge bzang po) 258, 260, 264, 273
Hastings, James 208
Heart Sūtra (Bore boluomiduo xinjing 般若波羅蜜多心經) 85n74, 90, 257
See also Prajñāpāramitā
heaven (tian 天) 116, 125–127, 132
Helan 贺兰 Mountains (ha la shan) 78, 82, 84
Helin 和琳 111, 113, 114, 116n22, 120, 124
See also Amban
Hening 和寧 111, 116n22, 124, 125
See also Amban
Heruka tantra 200
Heshang Moheyan 和尚摩訶衍 see Hva shang
heterodoxy 22, 35, 51, 55, 58–60, 364
Hevajra 96
tantra 95, 209, 212
Hīnayāna 45, 188, 193, 242, 263, 269–273
History of Buddhism see Bu ston chos ’byung
History of Buddhism in India see Rgya gar chos ’byung
Hodgson, Brian Houghton 165, 202, 204, 214
Hohhot (Kökeqota, Huhehaote 呼和浩特) IX, 7, 13, 97, 283n16, 317–334, 338–340, 344, 346–357, 373
Hongjiao 紅教 (Red Religion) 187, 189, 190, 195, 197–199
See also Nyingmapa; Sakyapa
Hongwu 洪武 see Ming dynasty
Hongyi 弘一 234n38, 236n53
Hsing Yun 星雲 302
Huang Shuyin 黃樹因 238
Huangjiao 黃教 (Yellow Religion) 187–190, 195, 196, 198, 199
See also Gelugpa; Tsongkhapa
Huangtaiji see Taizong 太宗
huashen zhuanshi 化身轉世 189
See also tulku
Huayan 華嚴 203n65, 211, 237n53, 241, 262, 270, 271n52
Huayan jing 華嚴經 (Avataṃsaka Sūtra) 155, 211, 263
Hübner, Johann 184, 185
Huiguo 惠果 179, 180
huofo 活佛 (katsubutsu) 188, 185
See also tulku
Hva shang 67, 78, 79–81, 83, 84, 365
See also Hva shang Mahāyāna; Kim Hva shang
Hva shang Mahāyāna (Heshang Moheyan 和尚摩訶衍) 5, 9, 10, 21–23, 26–29, 31–37, 40–61, 354
IMAR see Inner Mongolia
Imperial Preceptor 91n4, 104, 187
See also dishi dabao fawang
imperial sovereignty 8, 10, 112, 120, 123, 130, 132, 133, 367
Indo-Tibetan Buddhism 1
Indo-Tibetan commentaries 234, 255, 273
Inner Mongolia 4, 9, 13, 97, 319, 320, 324, 326n41, 330, 331, 333, 341, 345n87, 346, 354, 356n119, 373
Autonomous Region (IMAR) 317, 319n9–10, 320, 322n25, 324n31–32, 332, 356n120
See also Mongolia
insight see vipaśyanā
Instantaneism (cig car ba/ston mun) 31–46, 48n65, 49–55, 60
Isis Unveiled 141, 166n79
See also Blavatsky, Helena Petrovna
itinerant monk (xingjiao seng 行腳僧) 81, 82
Jackson, Roger 49
Jagou, Fabienne 2
jam dpal see Mañjuśrī
Jamyang Rinpoche 253
Japan 11, 85, 170, 172, 180, 182–185, 190, 191, 197, 201–203, 211, 213, 237, 281, 369, 370
Esotericism/Tantrism (Mikkyō) 11, 170, 178–183, 191, 192, 194, 195n51, 200, 201, 207, 211, 213–215, 280, 369
See also Esoteric Buddhism; Tantra, Tantrism; Vajrayāna
Jäschke, Heinrich August IX, 11, 146, 147, 149, 150n29, 154, 155, 157–159, 161n67–68, 166n81, 368
See also Romanized Tibetan-English Dictionary
Jiaosiluo 唃厮囉 104
See also Tsongkha
jiemo 羯磨 see ritual procedures
Jikmé Püntsok (’Jigs med phun tshogs) 345n85, 348
Jin Heshang 金和尚 see Kim Hva shang
Jincheng 金城 24, 26n15, 51
Jincisi 金慈寺 225n1, 228–231, 239, 240
jing see sūtra
Jingang bore boluomi jing 金剛般若波羅蜜經 see Diamond Sūtra
Jingkong 淨空 297, 298, 302, 303
Jingtu 淨土 see Pure Land
Jixiang lüyuan 吉祥律院 see Jixiangsi
Jo bo (Śākyamuni) statue 26, 334
Mongol replicas 322n27, 334, 335
See also Jokhang Temple
Jo khang see Jokhang Temple
Jokhang Temple 10, 26, 111, 114, 190, 322n27, 333, 334
See also Jo bo
jushi 居士 see lay Buddhism/Buddhist
Kagyupa (bKa’ brgyud pa) 49–58, 106
Kaifeng 73
Kālacakra IX, 339, 340
tantra 200, 210, 212, 215
Kalsang Norbu Gurung 121
Kamalaśīla (Lianhua jie lunshi 蓮花戒論師) 9, 22, 28, 29, 32, 33, 41, 43, 46–48, 54–57, 60, 364
Kang you ji xing 康輶紀行 (Records of Voyages in Khams by Carriage) 186, 189
Kanjur (bKa’ ’gyur) 75, 76n36, 163, 190, 203, 210–212, 337, 347
Kapstein, Matthew T. 4, 8
karma 54, 120, 126, 127, 299, 307
Karmay, Samten 32
Kāśyapa 32n35, 35, 44n57, 68, 347
Kern, Hendrik 207
Kham see Khams
Khams 91, 95, 106, 186, 190, 238, 239n63, 253
Khangsar 229, 253, 254
Khara Khoto collection 3, 10, 90, 91, 98, 100–102, 106, 107, 366
See also manuscripts
Khri bKra shis brtsegs pa dpal 32
Khri srong lde’u btsan 26, 28, 31, 36, 41, 75, 122, 197, 198
Khro phu Lotsāba 78
khu tshur ‘bum see A Thousand Fists
Kim Hva shang (Jin Heshang 金和尚) 27
Kongquewang zhoujing 孔雀王咒經 175
Koot Hoomi 142–146, 156, 160, 161, 165, 368
Kṣitigarbha see Dizang
Kṣitigarbha sūtra see Dizang Sūtra
Khubilai see Yuan dynasty
Kūkai 空海 180, 213
Kumārabuddha (Gzhon nu sangs rgyas) 97n23, 101, 102
Kumārajīva 189, 205, 260, 262n29
kun bde gling see Kundeling Monastery
Kundeling Monastery (kun bde gling) 10, 111, 113, 123–125, 127, 129, 130, 132, 367
Labrang Monastery (bla brang) 278, 318n6
Lam ‘bras X, 94–96
kyi bla ma bod kyi lo rgyus rgyas pa 92n10
Lam rim chen mo see Lamrim chenmo
Lama Memorial Hall 300
See also Norlha Qutughtu
Lamaism (Lamajiao 喇嘛教) 11, 21, 143, 144, 148, 181–184, 192, 368
See also Xizang fojiao
Lamajiao 喇嘛教 see Lamaism
Lamrim see Lamrim chenmo
Lamrim chenmo (Lam rim chen mo, Putidao cidi 菩提道次第) 56, 204, 212, 232, 239, 242n78, 245
Larung gar see Five Sciences Buddhist Academy
lay Buddhism/Buddhist (jushi 居士) IX, 12, 13, 29, 45, 120, 141, 149, 150, 151n29, 164, 229, 230, 233, 238, 240, 241, 244, 253, 278–314, 318, 324, 325, 330, 332, 341, 344, 345n85, 347–349, 351–355, 357, 372, 373
Legs byin (Sudatta, Shanshi 善施) 25
Lha 148, 150, 154, 156–158, 161
Lha rtse 91, 95
Lhasa 8, 10, 26, 42, 76, 111, 112, 114, 115n20, 120, 123, 124, 128–132, 188, 190, 199, 227, 229, 238, 239n63, 240, 253, 254, 258, 259, 322n27, 333, 334, 345n87, 367
lho bal 113, 117, 118, 132, 367
See also barbarian; manmo
Li Yizhuo 李翊灼 192, 194n48, 199–201, 203, 213, 214
Lianhua jie lunshi 蓮花戒論師 see Kamalaśīla
liberate/salving living beings (du zhongsheng 度眾生) 38, 82, 266, 270n50, 300, 345n87, 348
Lidai fabao ji 歷代法寶記 27, 59, 83
Lillie, Arthur 142–147, 149, 151n33, 158, 160, 165
See also Buddha and Early Buddhism
Linji 臨濟 244
Liu Mingyuan 劉明淵 (Tongyi 通一) 242, 259n20
Liu, Lydia 112
Longduo Danzeng Rongbo 龍多·丹增榮波活佛 344–347
See also Larungar
Longlian 隆蓮 229, 231, 232, 245
Longquan Si 龍泉寺 182
Lopez, Donald S. 100, 101n5, 254
Lotus Sūtra (Fahua jing 法華經, Saddharmapuṇḍarikā) 190, 202, 263, 270n51, 272, 300n39
Lü Cheng 吕澄 1, 11, 170, 172, 173n5, 180–182, 201–213, 234, 235, 238n59, 369
Lühai xinyao 律海心要 see Essence of the Vinaya Ocean
Madhyamāgama (Zhong ahan jing 中阿含經, Middle Length Āgama Sūtra) 270n49
See also Āgama
Madhyamaka 22, 57
Madhyamakāvatāra 204
-Yogācāra 28, 31
Mahākāla 10, 90, 93, 95
Mahāmudrā 5n19, 49–52, 54, 57, 58, 347
See also bKa’ brgyud pa
Mahāprajñāpāramitā (Sūtra) (Da bore boluomiduo jing 大般若波羅蜜多經) 12, 242, 255, 257, 249–265, 269, 274
school of (da bore zong 大般若宗) 245
See also Abhisamayālankāra; Prajñāpāramitā
Mahatma Letters 11, 142–144, 152, 156, 160–162, 164, 165, 368
See also Blavatsky, Helena Petrovna; Tibetan Theosophy
Mahatmas see Mahatma Letters
Mahāvairocana 179, 180, 197, 199, 202
Mahāvairocanābhisaṃbodhi sūtra 179, 194, 200, 211
Mahāyāna 30, 57, 68, 69, 155, 159, 179, 187, 193–195, 200–202, 205, 206, 208, 213, 215, 241, 242, 244, 254–256, 260, 262n29, 263, 265–274, 280, 303, 371
See also Hva shang Mahāyāna
Mahāyoga 31, 33
Maitreya 9, 10, 67–70, 83, 84, 257, 261, 333, 335, 337, 338, 340, 342, 345n87
Maitreyāvyakaraṇa (Byams pa lung bstan pa) 75–77
Manchu see Qing dynasty
Manchuria 191, 280
manifest teaching see Xianjiao
Mañjuśrī (Wenshu 文殊, jam dpal) 102, 122, 123, 127, 129, 235n43, 243, 337–339, 342
Mañjuśrī-emperor (Wenshu Huangdi 文殊皇帝, ‘jam dpal byangs gong ma bdag po chen po) 113, 125, 127, 130–132, 367
See also Wutaishan, Yellow Mañjuśrī
manmo 蠻貊 113, 118, 132, 367
See also barbarian; lho bal
mantra (zhou 咒) 121, 171, 175–181, 187, 190, 194, 196, 197, 202, 208, 210, 213, 215, 216, 235, 297, 298, 300, 305, 345n87
Mantrayāna 31, 210, 211
See also Esoteric Buddhism; Tantra, Tantrism; Vajrayāna
manuscripts 3, 10, 24, 27n17, 37, 72n20, 73, 90, 91, 98n24–25, 101, 106, 107, 147–149, 157, 166n82, 366, 368
See also Dunhuang manuscripts; Tangut Buddhist scriptures; Khara Khoto collection; Baisigou
mChims Nam mkha’ grags/ Mchims Nam mkha’ grags pa 76n37, 77, 78, 101
mchod yon see patron-priest
Mdo smad 94, 95, 97
Mdo see Sūtra
mi see esoteric/tantric
Mianzhu 228n12, 253
Mijiao chongxing 密教重興 see tantric revival
mijiao fuxing 密教復興 see tantric revival
mijiao 密教 see Tantrism
Mikkyō see Japanese Esotericism/Tantrism
Mimaki, Katsumi 61
Ming dynasty 4n13, 5, 21, 74n28, 75n31, 80, 116, 185–189, 198, 199, 213, 328n48, 329, 351n101
Chongde 崇德 Emperor 188
Hongwu 洪武 Emperor 187
Yongle 永樂Emperor 75n31, 187, 198
minorities see minority ethnic group
minority ethnic group (shaoshu minzu 少數民族) 317n5, 319n11, 320–322, 327n44, 332, 352, 356n119, 357
Misheng 密乘 (Secret Vehicle) 179, 180, 202, 205–206, 208–213
See also Tantrism
misheng jingang daochang 密乘金剛道場 see tantric vajra monasteries
mixin 迷信 see superstition
Miyamoto, Shoson 2
mizhou 密咒 (secret mantra) 178, 187, 213
See also mantra
mizong 密宗 see Tantrism
Mkhyen brtse’i dbang phyug 91, 92, 95–97, 104n46
Modengjia jing 摩登伽經 175, 215
Modernism see Buddhist modernism
Mohe zhiguan 摩訶止觀 (Great Cessation and Contemplation) 262n30
See also Zhiyi
Moheyan 摩訶衍 see Hva shang Mahāyāna
Mongol Buddhism 13, 317–319, 322, 324, 329, 349, 352, 354–357, 373
Mongolia 121, 125n64, 182, 191, 280, 326, 373
See also Inner Mongolia
Morya 143, 368
Moses, (William) Stainton 142, 147, 149, 158
Mount Wutai see Wutaishan
Mueggler, Erik 113
Mukden 188
Mūlasarvāstivāda 199, 228, 232–234
See also vinaya
multilingual stone steles 10, 111–113, 114n17, 121, 127, 132, 367
Smallpox 10, 111–124, 132, 133, 367
Kundeling 10, 111, 113, 123–130, 132, 367
Gurkha Edict 10, 111, 126, 132, 367
Nāgabodhi 179, 197
Nāgārjuna 43, 179, 197, 198, 205, 206, 208, 209, 262n29
Nandimitrāvadāna (Da’aluohan nantimiduoluo suoshuo fazhu ji 大阿羅漢難提蜜多羅所說法住記) 69, 70, 72, 75–77
Nanjing IX, 178, 187, 192, 201, 202, 278, 279, 284, 285, 288, 290–312, 349n97, 372
Nanjō Bunyu 南條文雄 178, 212, 213
Nanshan lü 南山律 244
Nāropa 54
nationality (minzu 民族) see minority ethnic group
Nenghai 能海 12, 225–246, 253–256, 258–275, 350, 370, 371
Nepal 25, 26, 28, 43, 202, 204
ngar mi see effigy
Ningxia 3
Norlha Qutughtu (Nuona 諾那) 301n42
Nuona Pagoda 300
Nuona Memorial Hall IX, 300–305
Nuona 諾那 see Norlha Qutughtu
Nyang Nyi ma ‘od zer 44n57, 48n65, 50
Nyingmapa (rNying ma pa) 31, 32, 43, 44n57, 49, 50, 340n77, 345n85, 348, 349, 353
Occultism 2, 141, 142, 156, 166, 167, 368
Ogurusu Kōchō 小栗栖香頂 182–185, 190–193, 194n48, 195n51, 197, 199–201, 214
Olcott, Henry Steel 141, 142, 146n17, 368
See also Buddhist Catechism; Theosophical Society
ordination 76n39, 227, 228, 230, 233–238, 330, 345n85
dual (erbuseng jie 二部僧戒) 231
certificate (jiedie 戒牒) 228
Original/Primitive Buddhism (yuanshi fojiao 原始佛教) 6, 11, 12, 170, 174n5, 201, 237, 242, 244, 245, 369, 370
of the primordial vehicle (genben sheng yuanshi fojiao 根本乘原始佛教) 237
Ornament of Realization see Abhisamayālankāra
orthodoxy 22, 28, 30, 35, 364
Orzech, Charles 173n5
Padmasambhava 26, 32, 93n13, 194–199, 210, 340, 341, 345n85, 347
Pan-Asianism 6, 236
pan-Hexi region 4, 10, 84
Panchen Lama 11, 55n80, 120, 143, 144, 146, 148, 156, 157n51, 160, 166, 186–188, 190, 195, 196, 199, 368
Pasang Wangdu 42
patron-priest (mchod yon/ yon mchod) 5, 128, 280
People’s Republic of China (PRC) 171n3, 214, 278, 281, 293n33, 297n35, 302, 312, 317n2, 319n8, 322n25, 355n117, 357n123, 372
Perfection of Wisdom see Prajñāpāramitā
Pha Dam pa Sangs rgyas 91, 98n24
’Phags pa (Blo gros rgyal mtshan) 59, 105n52, 185, 187
’Phan yul 99–101
Po ta 繁塔 73
Potala Palace 111, 123, 126, 127, 190
Prajñāpāramitā (Perfection of Wisdom) 12, 36, 43, 211, 253–263, 265, 268, 273, 274, 371
See also Abhisamayālankāra, Mahāprajñāpāramitā
Prātimokṣa (jieben 戒本) 227, 228, 230, 231, 233, 234, 236, 241, 244
See also vinaya
preference 13, 76, 236, 278, 288, 289, 311, 312, 372
See also availability
Primitive Buddhism see Original Buddhism
Princess Jincheng see Jincheng
Princess Wencheng see Wencheng
Pu to ba Rin chen gsal 101
Pure Land (Jingtu 淨土) 165, 241, 285, 290, 296, 297n35, 299, 300, 303, 305, 345n87, 349n95, 352
pusa 菩薩 see Bodhisattva
pusa jie 菩薩戒 see Bodhisattva precepts
Pusading 菩薩頂 228
Putidao cidi 菩提道次第 see Lamrim
putixin 菩提心 see bodhicitta
Putuoshan 345
Qianlong 乾隆 see Qing dynasty
Qing dynasty (Manchu) 5, 6, 10, 111–133, 171n3, 178, 179, 181–191, 196, 200, 280, 320, 322n24, 322n27, 329, 351, 354, 367
Qianlong 乾隆 Emperor 5, 112, 113, 115, 123–129, 131, 185
Shunzhi 順治 Emperor 188
sovereignty (over central Tibet) 8, 10, 111, 112, 120, 123, 130, 132, 133
Yongzheng 雍正 Emperor 127, 129
Qinghai 105, 282n11, 331n57
Qingliangqiao Jixiang lüyuan 清涼橋吉祥律院 see Jixiangsi
Qubilai Khan (Khubilai) see Yuan dynasty
Rāhula (sgra gcan ‘dzin) 68, 69, 78, 347
Ral pa can 32
Ramakyō 喇嘛教 see Lamaism
Ramoche Temple (ra mo che’i gtsug lag khang) 26, 51
ransom see glud
rdzogs chen see Great Perfection
Record of the Grand Historian see Shiji
Red Annals see Deb ther dmar po
regent 123, 125, 129, 130, 133
release of living creatures see fangsheng
Republic of China 1, 6, 7, 11, 13, 170, 171n3, 172, 177, 180–182, 191, 192, 200–202, 203n65, 208, 213, 214, 227, 229n15, 234, 236, 280, 282, 300, 301n42, 322n24, 324n33, 369
Republican era/period see Republic of China
revival of Tantrism see tantric revival
rGya bod yig tshang 58, 59, 105n52
Rgya gar chos ’byung (A History of Buddhism in India) 174n7, 204, 206
See also Tāranātha
Rgya nag 95, 97, 103, 105
Rgya yul 99
rgyal po (king) 127, 128
Rgyud bzhi see Four Medical Tantras
Rgyud see Tantra
rim gyis pa/tsen men see Gradualism
ritual procedures (jiemo 羯磨) 95, 100, 232–234, 237
Rje btsun Grags pa rgyal mtshan 92, 102
rJe drung Hutukhtu 123, 125, 130
rNal ‘byor mig gi see bSam gtan mig sgron
rNying ma pa see Nyingmapa
Romanized Tibetan and English Dictionary IX, 146, 147, 157, 368
See also Jäschke, Heinrich August
Rowe, William 119
Rtsa mi Lo tsā ba 90, 105
Ru dasheng lun 入大乘論 (*Mahāyānāvatāra) 69
Ruegg, David Seyfort 29, 30n26
Rybot, N.V.L. 112, 114
sa skya pa (Sakyapa) 78, 92, 93n11, 94, 99n31, 101, 102, 198
Sa skya (Sakya) Paṇḍita 49–51
sad mi mi bdun (seven men to be tested) 27
ṣaḍakṣarī vidyā (liuju shenzhou 六句神咒) 165, 194, 215
Saddharmapuṇḍarikā see Lotus Sūtra
sādhana 67, 75, 77, 78, 85, 93n12, 94, 235n43, 365
Śākyamuni 9, 35, 67, 68, 74, 75, 77n43, 177n11, 179, 189, 190, 197, 201, 214, 322n27, 333, 334, 337, 340, 341, 347
See also Jo bo
Śākyaśrībhadra 78
śamatha (calm) 38, 43
See also Calm and Insight meditation
Samye (bSam yas) monastery 9, 27, 41, 43, 48, 51, 122
See also Great Debate of Tibet
Saṃyuktāgama Sūtra (Za ahan jing 雜阿含經, Āgama of Combined Discourses) 270n49
See also Āgama
Sangharakṣita 205, 206, 208
Śāntarakṣita (Zhi ba ‘tsho) 26, 28, 33n35, 41–43, 54, 56, 197, 210
sanxue 三學 see Threefold Learning
Sarvatathāgata tattvasaṃgraha 179
sBa/dBa’ bzhed 26n15, 40–47, 48n65, 50–52, 54–56, 60
Schiefner, Franz Anton 174n7, 204, 206, 210
Schlagintweit, Emil 150n29, 157, 162, 163
sDom gsum rab dbye 49, 55
Se ra see Sera monastery
Secret Vehicle see Misheng
Seizō Bukkyō 西藏佛教 183, 190–192
See also Xizang fojiao
Senzar 166
Sera (Se ra) monastery 129, 131, 190, 199
Sertar (Seda) 283n16, 344
See also Five Sciences Buddhist Academy
sgom pa see dhyāna
sGom pa’i rim pa tha ma see Bhāvanākrama
sgra gcan ‘dzin see Rāhula
Shaanxi 73, 186, 191
Shanghai 182, 183, 191, 202, 203, 227, 228n12, 238, 254, 259
Shanxi 4, 191, 228, 352
Shaocheng Foxueshe 少城佛學社 238
Sharf, Robert 173n5
shengwen 聲聞 see śrāvaka
Shengwu ji 聖武記 (Military Records of the Glorious Dynasty) 184, 185, 190, 191, 195
Sher snying bdud bzlog (Repel Demons with the Heart Sutra) 90, 92, 97, 100, 102, 366
shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa’i man ngag gi bstan bcos mngon par rtogs pa’i rgyan zhes bya ba’i ’grel pa see Clear Meaning Commentary
Shi shi wushi song guanjie 事師五十頌廣解 see Great Exposition of the Fifty Verses for Master Devotion
Shigatse 76
Shiji 史記 (Record of the Grand Historian) 24
Shingon 真言 172n4, 179, 180, 200
See also Zhenyan zong
Shunzhi 順治 see Qing dynasty
Sichuan 4, 13, 71, 73n22, 83, 105, 186, 191, 228, 236n49, 238, 253, 254, 282, 283n16, 286, 296, 308n45, 344
Sifenlü 四分律 see Dharmaguptaka
Sihlé, Nicolas 121
Śīlapaṭala 234n40, 235
See also Explanation of the Bodhisattva Moral Conduct; Yogācārabhūmi śāstra
sinicization 71n14, 119, 320, 338, 373
Sinnett, Alfred Percy 141–143, 145, 156, 160–162
See also Esoteric Buddhism
Sino-Tibetan Buddhism 1, 2, 4, 6–9, 12, 13, 67, 84, 85, 225, 237, 244, 365
Buddhist studies 1, 2, 8
Institute of Studies 1, 234n36
Siregetü juu (Xilituzhao 席力圖召) IX, 322, 325, 326, 328n49, 329–331, 334, 338, 344, 350, 353
Siregetü qutuγtu 322n28, 324, 331
Sixteen Benevolent deities (shiliu shanshen 十六善神) 85
Sixteenfold Arhat cycle see arhat
smallpox 114, 118–124
See also multilingual stone steles
Smyer Yü, Dan 349
sNar thang Monastery 76, 77, 101
edition of the canon 202–204, 210, 211
Song dynasty 70n11, 73, 83, 103–105, 116, 189, 212
Songtsen Gampo (Srong btsan sgam po) 4, 23–26, 30, 58, 76, 187, 194n48
spirit tablets (ancestral) 297, 298
Spiritualism 11, 142–144, 149, 156, 158, 160
sprul pa (trulpa) 161
sprul sku see tulku
spyan ras gzigs see Avalokiteśvara
śrāvaka (shengwen 聲聞) 68, 69, 155, 156, 188, 270–272
Srong btsan sgam po see Songtsen Gampo
St. Petersburg 3, 204
steles see multilingual stone steles
sthavira see gnas brtan
Strickmann, Michel 170, 176n10, 214
stūpa IX, 13, 303, 304, 318, 331, 333, 335, 352
See also Burqan stūpa
Śubhākarasiṃha (Shanwuwei 善無畏) 172, 176n10, 179, 180, 213
Sumangala Unnanse 143
Śūnyatā 159, 161
super-sign 112, 113, 132, 133, 367
superstition (mixin 迷信) 202, 306
Susiddhikara sūtra 179, 211
Sūtra (Mdo, jing 經) 210, 211
Suzong 肅宗 82
syncretism 4, 318, 373
Taixu 太虛 1, 170, 181n18, 234, 235, 254n4, 256, 369
Taizong 太宗 (Huangtaiji) 116
Tang dynasty 4, 23–27, 72, 81n59, 91, 114, 116–118, 172, 174, 175, 179, 186, 189, 226, 234, 280
Ruizong 睿宗 76n39, 79
Suzong 肅宗 82
Wuzong 武宗 71
Xuanzong 玄宗 71n12
Tang Xiangming 湯薌銘 235
Tangut/Xixia 3, 4, 8, 10, 83, 84, 90, 91n4, 102–106, 186, 366
Tangut Buddhism 3, 90, 366
See also Khara Khoto collection; manuscripts
Tanjur (bstan ’gyur) 93, 163, 190, 204
Tanteluo sheng 坦特羅乘 206, 208, 210
See also Tantric Buddhism; Tantrism; Vajrayāna
Tantra (Rgyud) 11, 202, 207, 210–212
See also Esoteric Buddhism; Tantric Buddhism; Tantrism; Vajrayāna
tantric see esoteric
Tantric Buddhism 173n5, 226, 238, 242, 279n1, 280, 368, 370
Chinese 170, 175, 176n10, 214, 215
Tibetan 85
See also Esoteric Buddhism; Tantra; Tantrism; Vajrayāna
tantric revival (mijiao fuxing/chongxing 密教復興/重興) 181, 192, 200, 238, 282, 349n95, 369
tantric vajra monasteries (misheng jingang daochang 密乘金剛道場) 238, 239
Tantrism (mizong 密宗, Mijiao 密教) 8, 11, 170–183, 190–203, 207, 208, 210–215, 238, 279, 369
See also Esoteric Buddhism; Tantra; Tantric Buddhism; Vajrayāna
Tanxu 倓虛 237n53
Tārā 197, 333
Tāranātha 204, 206
See also Rgya gar chos ’byung
Tashi Lhunpo Monastery 144, 157n51
tea trade 10, 24, 25n11, 90, 91, 95–97, 99, 100, 103, 105
ten thousand doors to the dharma 290
The Book of Dzyan 146, 148, 163–166
See also Blavatsky, Helena Petrovna; Tibetan Theosophy
The Mahatma Letters 11, 142, 165, 368
See also Blavatsky, Helena Petrovna; Tibetan Theosophy
The Secret Doctrine 146, 148, 149, 166, 368
See also Blavatsky, Helena Petrovna
Theosophical Society 8, 11, 141, 143, 146, 148, 152, 155, 156, 159–161, 165, 368
The Theosophist 142, 147, 148, 151
See also Blavatsky, Helena Petrovna; Olcott, Henry Steel
Theosophy see Theosophical Society
Theravāda 243, 280
Thomas, Frederick W. 2
Threefold Learning (sanxue 三學) 240, 243
Thu’u bkwan Blo bzang chos kyi nyi ma 57, 204
See also Grub mtha’ shel gyi me long
Thub bstan ’jigs med rgya mtsho (nineteenth Dung dkar sprul sku) 182
Thub pa’i dgongs pa rab gsal 49, 50
tian see heaven
Tiantai 天台 178, 203n65, 262, 270
See also Zhiyi
Tibetan Buddhist Studies 2
See also Seizō Bukkyō; Xizang fojiao
Tibetan Chan 3, 5, 32, 42, 52, 83
See also Chan
Tibetan dominion over Dunhuang see Dunhuang
Tibetan Theosophy 11, 141, 155, 368
See also Blavatsky, Helena Petrovna; Theosophical Society
Tibeto-Mongol Buddhism see Mongol Buddhism
Tibeto-Tangut Buddhism see Tangut Buddhism
Tiexiangsi 鐵像寺 228n12, 230, 236n49
Tokio, Takata 3
Tongyi 通一 see Liu Mingyuan
tourism/tourists 295, 317n5, 318, 325–328, 330–332, 338, 344, 352–356, 373
traces of tantra 215
translation (project/enterprise) 70, 93, 112, 126, 197, 211, 212
Chinese into Tibetan 2, 5, 6n24, 24, 26, 27, 51, 58–60, 76, 119, 125–128
mistranslation 112, 113, 115, 123, 126, 130–133, 367, 371
Tibetan into Chinese 2, 6, 132, 231, 234n36, 235, 238, 239, 242n78, 253–259, 274
transmigration 68, 150n29, 154, 159, 161, 162
Tshar dgu Ston pa 94
Tsong kha pa see Tsongkhapa
Tsongkha region 10, 91, 97, 103–105
Tsongkhapa 56, 57, 187–190, 195, 196, 198, 199, 204, 210, 212, 225, 226, 231–236, 238, 239, 241, 242, 245, 258, 265, 267, 337
Tucci, Giuseppe 29, 32, 75n32, 76n39, 80n55
tulku (sprul sku) 59, 161n66, 182, 190, 195, 196
See also huashen zhuanshi
Tuttle, Gray 6
Two Entrances and Four Conducts (erru xixing 二入四行) 27, 36, 37
Universal Door of Guanyin Bodhisattva see Guanyin Pumen Pin
utilitarian (religious orientation) 290, 305, 311, 312, 314
Vajrabhairava 235n43
tantra 212
See also Yamāntaka
Vajrabodhi (Jingangzhi 金剛智) 85n74, 172, 176n10, 179, 180, 213
Vajrayāna 170, 171n3, 173n5, 176, 177, 182, 200, 206–208, 210, 213, 215, 240, 280, 369
See also Esoteric Buddhism; Tantra; Tantrism; Tantric Buddhism
van der Kuijp, Leonard 49n67
Vasil’ev, Vasily Pavlovich 204
Vasubandhu 205, 206, 208, 257n14
Vimalakīrti 270
Sūtra (Weimojie jing 維摩詰經) 36, 270
vinaya 12, 57, 69, 209–211, 225–246, 370
-piṭaka 226
-sūtra (’dul ba’i mdo rtsa ba) 234
See also Dharmaguptaka; Essence of the Vinaya Ocean; Mūlasarvāstivāda; Prātimokṣa
vipaśyanā (insight) 38, 143
See also Calm and Insight
Wei Yuan 魏源 184–200, 214
Weimojie jing 維摩詰經 see Vimalakīrti Sūtra
Welch, Holmes 4, 7, 170, 176n10, 181, 369
Wencheng 文成 4, 23–26, 76, 187
Wenshu see Mañjuśrī
White Panacea (dkar po chig thub) 47–50, 52–55
Wulou 無漏 82, 84n72
Wuming Buddhist Academy see Five Sciences Buddhist Academy
Wuming foxueyuan 五明佛學院 see Five Sciences Buddhist Academy
Wuta 五塔 temple/monastery 73, 329, 351
Wutaishan 4, 122, 127, 191, 227, 228, 230n19, 232, 236n49, 240, 254, 259, 260, 331n55–56, 345, 350, 352, 353
Wuzi zhenyan 五字真言 (Five syllable mantra) 235, 240, 241
Xianglong luohan 降龍羅漢 see arhat
Xiangshan 香山 Monastery 73
Xianjiao 顯教 (manifest teaching) 179, 202, 209
xianmi 顯密 see exoteric and esoteric
xianmi shuangxiu 顯密雙修 see exoteric and esoteric
Xianzheng zhuangyan lun xianming yishu 現證莊嚴論顯明義疏 see Clear Meaning Commentary
Xiaozhao 小召 see Baγa juu
Xilituzhao 席力圖召 see Siregetü juu
xingjiao seng see itinerant monk
Xixia see Tangut
Xizang 西藏 (Tibet) 116n22, 186, 188–191
fojiao 西藏佛教 (Tibetan Buddhism) 171, 183, 191–193, 200, 369
Xuanzang 玄奘 26n15, 69, 70, 71n55, 83n65, 85, 151, 189, 205, 255, 257, 293, 298
Xubilgan 195, 196, 199
Xuyun 虛雲 237n54, 302
Yala Mountain see Bzhag ra Lha rtse
Yamāntaka 238
tantra 200
-Vajrabhairava 43
Yamari tantra 212
yan lag ‘byung see Aṅgaja
Yang Wenhui 楊文會 178, 180, 183n21, 191, 192, 212, 213
Yao Ying 姚瑩 186, 189
Yeke juu (Dazhaosi 大召寺) IX, X, 318, 322, 324n32, 326–339, 344, 350–354, 356, 373
Yellow Mañjuśrī 243
yi 112
See also barbarian
Yijing 義淨 75n36, 175
Yixing 一行 179, 180
Yogācāra 57, 151, 201, 202, 205, 210
Bodhisattva precepts (yuqie pusajie 瑜伽菩薩戒) 232, 234–236
Yogācārabhūmi śāstra 234n40, 236
See also Śīlapaṭala
Yogācāra-Madhyamaka see Madhyamaka-Yogācāra
Yonghegong 雍和宮 182, 197, 199, 334
Yongle 永樂 see Ming dynasty
Yongzheng 雍正 see Qing dynasty
Yuan dynasty 5, 105n52, 185–187, 189
Qubilai Khan (Khubilai) 59, 185, 187
yuanshi fojiao 原始佛教 see Original Buddhism
Yunnan 186, 191, 299, 333, 356n119
yuqie pusajie 瑜伽菩薩戒 see Yogācāra Bodhisattva precepts
Za ahan jing 雜阿含經 see Saṃyuktāgama Sūtra
Zengyi ahan jing 增一阿含經 see Ekōttarāgama
Zen see Chan
Zhanran 湛然 69
Zhejiang 228n12, 236n49, 301n43, 308n45, 351
Zhenyan (zong) 真言 (宗) 179, 180
See also Esoteric Buddhism; Japanese Esotericism/Tantrism (Mikkyō)
Zhengli jue 正理決 see Dunwu dacheng zhengli jue
Zhi ba ‘tsho see Śāntarakṣita
Zhimin 智敏 229, 230n19, 232
Zhina Neixue Yuan 支那内学院 (China Institute of Inner Studies) 201, 202
Zhiqian 支謙 175, 215
Zhixu 智旭 178, 212, 213
Zhiyi 智顗 178, 262, 270
See also Tiantai
Zhong ahan jing 中阿含經 see Madhyamāgama
Zhou (Chou) Yiliang 周一良 172–177, 181, 208, 214, 215
zhou see mantra
Zhu Lüyan 竺律炎 175, 215
Zhu Qingshi 朱清時 21, 22
zhushi luohan 住世羅漢 see arhat
zunzhe 尊者 (Venerable) 70
See also arhat
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