Index
A Catena of Buddhist Scriptures from the Chinese
153n37, 154n38, 156
See also Beal, Samuel
A kya qutuγtu
331
A myes zhabs Ngag dbang kun dga’ bsod nams
93, 94, 96n22, 104
A Thousand Fists (khu tshur ‘bum)
122
Abhisamayālankāra (Ornament of Realization)
12, 242, 253–266, 268, 269, 271–275, 371
-namaprajñaparamitopadesa sastravṛtti
see Clear Meaning Commentary
See also Prajñāpāramitā
Ādi Buddha
215
Āgama (Ahan 阿含)
12, 237, 242, 244, 269–274
See also Dīrghāgama; Ekōttarāgama; Madhyamāgama; Saṃyuktāgama
ālaya vijñāna
155–156, 164
Altan Khan
IX, 321, 322n27, 327, 328n48, 329, 335
Amban
111, 113, 114, 115n20, 116n22, 120, 122–124, 128n85, 132, 185, 188
Amdo
10, 94, 106, 331n57
Amitābha (Amituo 阿彌陀, Wuliangshou Fo 無量壽佛; tshe dpag tu med pa’i sangs rgyas)
78, 79, 82, 127, 129, 165, 185, 197, 198, 335, 337, 339, 340, 341, 344, 347, 353
Amoghavajra (Bukong 不空)
82n64, 172, 176n10, 179, 180, 213
Aṅgaja (yan lag ‘byung)
78
Anuttarayoga tantra
206, 209, 212
arhat
68n2
Dragon-subduing (Xianglong luohan 降龍羅漢)
9, 67, 73, 74
eighteen
9, 67, 73, 340
initiated
152, 154, 155
sixteen
10, 67, 70–72, 74–80, 365
ten great
347
Tiger-taming (Fuhu luohan 伏虎羅漢)
9, 67, 73, 78
worldly-abiding (zhushi luohan 住世羅漢)
9, 67–71, 74–75, 77
See also Nandimitrāvadāna
Āryadeva
205, 206, 208, 209
Asaṅga
205, 206, 208, 257n14
Aśvaghoṣa
232
Atiśa (Dīpaṃkaraśrījñāna)
77, 78, 85, 101, 198, 199, 204, 210, 212, 235, 241, 348
Atiyoga
31, 32n35, 33
See also Great Perfection
Atwood, Christopher
124
availability
13, 278, 288, 289, 292, 293, 296, 303–313, 372
See also preference
Avalokiteśvara (Guanyin 觀音, spyan ras gzigs/Chenrezik)
30, 79, 82, 153n37, 180, 194, 196, 197, 300, 307, 325, 333, 337–341
See also Guanyin Pumen Pin; Guanyinsi
Avataṃsaka Sūtra
see Huayan jing
Baisigou
3
See also manuscripts
Baoerhan fota 寶爾汗佛塔
see Burqan stūpa
Baosheng rulai 寶勝如來
81, 82, 84
Baotang 保唐
83, 84
barbarian
112, 113, 115, 117–119, 123, 132, 133, 189, 367
See also lho bal; manmo; yi
Baγa juu (Xiaozhao 小召)
322
Beal, Samuel
153n37, 156
See also A Catena of Buddhist Scriptures from the Chinese
Beijing
13, 73, 125, 127, 130, 182, 183, 186, 188, 190, 191, 203, 204, 227, 254, 256, 306, 307, 309, 327, 328, 333, 354
Bhāvanākrama (sGom pa’i rim pa tha ma)
33n35, 41, 47, 57, 60
bKa’ ’gyur
see Kanjur
bKa’ brgyud pa
see Kagyupa
bKa’ chems kha khol ma
58
bKa’ thang sde lnga
32, 44n57, 103
bla ma lnga bcu pa
see Fifty Stanzas for Serving the Master
bla rung sgar
see Five Sciences Buddhist Academy
Blavatsky, Helena Petrovna
11, 141–167, 368
See also Isis Unveiled; The Secret Doctrine; Theosophical Society; Tibetan Theosophy
Blofeld, John
227
Blue Annals (Deb ther sngon po)
40n51, 51n71, 76, 102
bodhicitta (putixin 菩提心)
196, 198, 199, 225, 255, 261, 266–269, 273, 354n87, 371
Bodhidharma (Damo 達摩)
10, 21, 27, 33n35, 34–38, 44n57, 51n71, 59, 82–84, 189
bodhisattva (pusa jie 菩薩)
56, 150n29, 255, 256, 259, 260, 263, 265, 266, 268, 269, 271–274, 371
hall
333, 335
king
127
precepts (pusa jie 菩薩戒)
230–236, 239n63, 241, 243
See also Brahmā’s Net sūtra; Yogācāra precepts
Bon
30, 55, 59, 100, 194, 196
Bore boluomiduo xinjing 般若波羅蜜多心經
see Heart Sūtra
Brahmā’s Net sūtra (Fanwang jing 梵網經)
234, 236
See also Bodhisattva precepts
’Bras spungs
see Drepung
’Brog mi Shākya ye shes
92, 93, 95–97
’Brom ston Rgyal ba’i ’byung gnas
101
Brotherhood
142, 149, 152, 155
bsam gtan (Yujia mu zhi chanding 瑜伽目之禪定)
31
bSam gtan mig sgron (Chanding muju 禪定目炬, rNal ‘byor mig gi)
27n17, 31–35, 38, 40, 44n57, 47, 50, 59, 60
bSam yas
see Samye
bSod nams mchog grub
77
bstan ’gyur
see Tanjur
Bu ston rin chen grub
55, 204, 210, 211
-chos ‘byung (History of Buddhism)
42, 55
Budai 布袋
83
See also Maitreya
Buddha and Early Buddhism
142, 147, 151
See also Lillie, Arthur
Buddha-king
123, 124, 130–132
Buddhist Association
191, 227n9, 317n5, 324, 330, 334, 341, 355n117
Buddhist Catechism
141, 142
See also Olcott, Henry Steel
Buddhist identity
244, 297, 370
Buddhist modernism
237
Buddhist School
330, 334
Burqan stūpa (Baoerhan fota 寶爾汗佛塔, Burqan suburγa)
IX, X, 330, 344–350
Burnouf, Eugène
202, 204, 207, 214, 215
Byams pa lung bstan pa
see Maitreyāvyakaraṇa
Byang chub lam gyi sgron ma (Lamp on the Path to Awakening)
204, 212
See also Atiśa
byang chub sems gzhung lam zhes bya ba
see Explanation of the Bodhisattva Moral Conduct
Bzhag ra Lha rtse (Yala Mountain)
91, 95
Cakrasaṃvara tantra
212
calm
see śamatha
Calm and Insight meditation (zhi gnas lhag mthong zung du ‘brel)
38
See also śamatha; vipaśyanā
Candrakīrti
204, 205, 209
Cha gan Dbang phyug rgyal mtshan
92, 95, 96
Chan 禪
5n19, 21, 22, 27–29, 31, 33, 35–38, 40, 44, 45, 47, 48, 50–52, 54, 57–60, 83, 84, 203n25, 241, 244, 270n50, 290, 298, 348n95, 349n97, 364
See also Tibetan Chan
Chanding muju 禪定目炬
see bSam gtan mig sgron
Chang ahan jing 長阿含經
see Dīrghāgama
charity
125, 155, 350
Chengdu
227, 228, 238, 253, 258, 354
Chinese Buddhist canon
180n16, 213, 254–258, 260, 262, 269, 274, 275
Chinese religious market (black, gray and red market)
283
Chinggis Khan
116
See also Yuan dynasty
Chongde 崇德
see Ming dynasty
Chongqing
228n12, 238
Chos ‘byung me tog snying po
44n57, 48n65, 50
chos skyong
see Dharma guardian/protector
cig car ba/ston mun
see Instantaneism
civilize/civilizing (hua 化)
115, 118, 119, 122, 123, 132, 133
Cizhou 慈舟
237n53
Clauson, Gerald L.M.
2
Clear Meaning Commentary (Abhisamayālaṅkāra namaprajñaparamitopadesa sastravṛtti; shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa’i man ngag gi bstan bcos mngon par rtogs pa’i rgyan zhes bya ba’i ’grel pa; Xianzheng zhuangyan lun xianming yishu 現證莊嚴論顯明義疏)
258–261, 264, 265, 273
See also Abhisamayālankāra; Prajñāpāramitā
combined practice (shuangxiu 雙修, yuantong 圓通)
12, 226, 237, 241, 270
See also exoteric and esoteric
Confucianism/Confucian
24, 119, 125, 127, 132, 185, 186, 303
consecration objects
345
Cordier, Palmyr Uldéric Alexis
204
cultural heritage
317n5, 328, 351
cultural hybridity
2
Cultural Revolution
214, 232, 281, 319–322, 324n31, 334n68, 349n97, 338
Da bore boluomiduo jing 大般若波羅蜜多經
see Mahāprajñāpāramitā Sūtra
Da’aluohan nantimiduoluo suoshuo fazhu ji 大阿羅漢難提蜜多羅所說法住記
see Nandimitrāvadāna
Daishun, Ueyama
29
Dalai Lama
120, 123, 125n64, 129, 184, 185, 187, 188, 199
See also Fifth Dalai Lama
Damo 達摩
see Bodhidharma
Damoduoluo chanjing 達摩多羅禪經 (*Dharmatrātadhyāna)
83
Daoism/Daoist
7, 59, 74n28, 317, 322n24, 324, 325, 351, 356n120
Daoxuan 道宣
226, 233
Das, Sarat Chandra
120
dayuanman 大圓滿
see Great Perfection
Dazhaosi 大召寺
see Yeke juu
Dazhidu Lun 大智度論 (Treatise on the Mahāprajñāpāramitā Sūtra)
262
See also Mahāprajñāpāramitā
Dbus pa Dge’ gser
100, 102
de Kőrös, Alexander Csoma
144, 202
de la Vallée Poussin, Louis
173n5, 177n11, 204, 207, 208, 214
Deb ther dmar po (Red Annals)
104
Deb ther sngon po
see Blue Annals
della Penna, Francesco Orazio
149–151, 154, 158, 162–165
Demiéville, Paul
29
democratization of patronage
281
Dga’ ldan (Ganden) monastery
190, 199
Dge ‘dun choe ‘phel
121
dGe lugs pa
see Gelugpa
dhāraṇī (tuoluoni 陀羅尼)
163, 171, 173n5, 175–178, 180, 181, 187, 208, 215, 216
Dharma guardian/protector (chos skyong, dharmapāla)
9, 67, 68, 72n15, 73, 77, 78, 94n19, 129, 131, 334, 340, 341n78, 343, 349
Dharmaguptaka (Sifenlü 四分律)
228, 231–234, 236, 237, 241, 243, 244, 370
See also vinaya
Dharmakīrti
201, 205, 206, 208
Dharmapāla
212
See also Dharma guardian/protector
Dharmatāla
9, 10, 67, 78–85
Dharmatrātadhyāna
see Damoduoluo chanjing
dhyāna (sgom pa, meditation)
31–40, 47, 52, 56, 60, 165, 187, 209, 225, 236, 239, 243, 284, 297, 298, 338, 352
See also Chan
Diamond Sūtra (Jingang bore boluomi jing 金剛般若波羅蜜經)
257, 260
See also Prajñāpāramitā
Diemberger, Hildegard
42
Dignāga
205, 206, 208
Dīrghāgama (Chang ahan jing 長阿含經, Longer Āgama Sūtra)
269n49
See also Āgama
dishi dabao fawang 帝師大寶法王 (Imperial Preceptor, Great Precious)
187
See also Imperial Preceptor
divination
24, 58, 130
See also fortune telling
Dizang 地藏 (Kṣitigarbha)
338, 342, 348
Dizang Sūtra (Kṣitigarbha sūtra)
300, 301–304, 307, 341n80, 347
Dongchu 東初
7
Dongzhan 董氈
104
See also Tsongkha
Dpal chen Rgwa lo
91
Drepung (‘Bras spungs) monastery
227–229, 239n63, 240, 243, 254
du zhongsheng 度眾生
see liberate living beings
’dul ba rgya mtso’i snying
see Essence of the Vinaya Ocean
’dul ba’i mdo rtsa ba
see Vinayasūtra
Dung dkar sprul sku
see Thub bstan ’jigs med rgya mtsho
Dunhuang
3, 4, 81, 189
Guiyijun period
3
manuscripts of
3, 24, 27–29, 32, 36, 37, 42, 44, 72, 73, 83, 84
Mogao Caves
2, 72, 74n30, 81
paintings
72, 74n30, 81
Tibetan dominion over
2, 27
See also manuscripts
Dunwu dacheng zhengli jue 頓悟大乘正理決
28, 29, 35–38, 44–47, 52
Duobaojiangsi 多寶講寺
228n12, 230n19, 236n49, 308n45
eclectic/eclecticism
278, 290, 292, 305, 310, 312
toolkit
13, 288–291, 293, 298, 306, 310–314
See also exclusivist
effigy (ngar mi)
100
Ekōttarāgama (Zengyi ahan jing 增一阿含經, Increased by One Āgama Sūtra)
68, 270n49
See also Āgama
Emeishan
4, 228n12
erbuseng jie 二部僧戒
see ordination
erru xixing 二入四行
see Two Entrances and Four Conducts
esoteric/tantric (mi 密)
6, 7, 26, 82, 84, 85, 144, 147, 152, 155, 173n5, 175–177, 236–238, 240–244, 279–282, 288, 292, 296, 297, 307–313, 370, 372
Buddhism
3n6, 10, 11, 57, 84, 141, 143, 144, 148, 152, 155, 159, 170n2, 173n5, 176n10, 236, 241, 278–281, 285, 288, 289n26, 296, 301n43, 309, 313, 368, 372
See also exoteric and esoteric; Tantra; Tantrism; Tantric Buddhism; Vajrayāna
Esoteric Buddhism (book by Sinnett)
143, 160
See also Sinnett, Alfred Percy
Esposito, Monica
V, 1, 7, 8, 13, 61, 246
Essence of the Vinaya Ocean (Lühai xinyao 律海心要, ’dul ba rgya mtso’i snying)
231, 232
ethnic minority/nationality
see minority ethnic group
exclusivist
278, 288, 290, 372
See also eclectic
Exorcism
10, 101, 107, 121
exoteric (xian 顯)
9, 26, 144, 148, 164–166, 240–245, 279, 280, 296, 307, 309, 313
and esoteric (xianmi 顯密)
6, 12, 173n5, 226, 236n51, 240, 241, 243, 279, 282, 296, 370
Buddhism
148, 236, 242, 308
See also combined practice
Explanation of the Bodhisattva Moral Conduct (byang chub sems gzhung lam zhes bya ba)
235
Fahai 法海
7, 8n35
Fahua jing 法華經
see Lotus Sūtra
fangsheng 放生 (release of living creatures)
295, 297, 308, 310, 341
Fanwang jing 梵網經
see Brahmā’s Net sūtra
Fazhu ji 法住記
see Nandimitrāvadāna
Fazun 法尊
234n36, 235, 258n18
festival
13, 326n38, 330–332, 337, 341, 352, 353, 357
Fifth Dalai Lama
75n34, 76n37, 77n42, 79n48, 93, 94n18, 122n56, 188
Fifty Stanzas for Serving the Master (Gurupañcaśika, bla ma lnga bcu pa)
232
Five Sciences Buddhist Academy (Wuming foxueyuan 五明佛學院, Larung gar/ bla rung sgar)
283, 284, 286, 293, 294n34, 296, 298, 311, 313n40, 344, 345n85, 348n92, 349, 353
study groups/classes (in Han China)
292–294, 296–299, 303
See also Longduo Danzeng Rongbo
Foguangshan 佛光山
302
Fojiao 佛教
177, 189, 190, 193, 203n65
fortune telling
130, 305, 306
See also divination
Four Medical Tantras (Rgyud bzhi)
120, 122
Fozu lidai tongzai 佛祖歷代統記 (Complete Records of the Buddha and Generations of Patriarchs)
185, 194n48
Fu Kang’an 福康安
126
Fuhu luohan 伏虎羅漢
see arhat
Gansu
73, 105, 191, 282n11, 318n5
Gelug(pa) (dGe lugs pa)
12, 56, 57, 101, 111, 129, 131, 164, 173n5, 225–228, 230, 231, 234–245, 253, 254n6, 258, 317, 348, 349, 353, 370
glud (ransom)
100
gnas brtan (sthavira)
74, 77n43, 79n48, 80
gNubs chen Sangs rgyas ye shes
31, 33–40
‘Gos (Lotsāba) Gzhon nu dpal
40n51, 76, 102
See also Blue Annals
Gradualism (rim gyis pa/tsen men)
9, 22, 28, 29, 31–35, 43, 46, 52, 54, 55, 178, 241, 242, 245, 265–267, 273, 274, 371
Great Debate of Samye/bSam yas
see Great Debate of Tibet
Great Debate of Tibet
5, 9, 22, 23, 28–33, 35, 36, 40–47, 49–51, 55, 56, 60, 364
Great Exposition of the Fifty Verses for Master Devotion (Shi shi wushi song guanjie 事師五十頌廣解)
231
Great Perfection (rDogs chen/Dzogchen, Dayuanman 大圓滿)
5n19, 7, 50, 52, 347
Gru gu Ston pa
94
Grub mtha’ sel gyi me long (Crystal Mirror of Doctrinal Systems)
57, 204
grwa bzhi (Grwa bzhi)
123, 131
gter ma (terma)
32, 51, 93n13
gto ritual
99, 100
Gtsang
91, 92, 94, 186, 190
Guan Xiu 貫休
71n12–13, 72n15, 73
Guandi 關帝
130, 338
Guandi temple (Guandimiao 關帝廟)
123, 124, 329n50, 339n74
Guangjisi 廣濟寺
227, 353
Guanyi 貫一
227, 230
Guanyin Pumen Pin 觀音普門品 (Universal Door of Guanyin Bodhisattva)
300n39
See also spyan ras gzigs
Guanyinsi 觀音寺 (Guanyinmiao 觀音廟)
IX, X, 13, 318, 319, 324–326, 328–330, 337–344, 348–350, 352–356, 373
Guhyasamāja
335
tantra
200, 209, 212
Guiyijun period
see Dunhuang
Guṇaprabha
205, 233, 234
Gurkha
10, 111, 114, 123, 124n64, 126, 130, 132
Gurupañcaśika
see Fifty Stanzas for Serving the Master
Gyi ljang
10, 90–107, 366
Gyi ljang Dbu dkar ba
see Gyi ljang
Gyōnen 凝然
172n4, 178–180, 213
gZhon nu dpal
see ‘Gos (Lotsāba) Gzhon nu dpal
Gzhon nu sangs rgyas
see Kumārabuddha
ha la shan
see Helan Mountains
Hailancha
124
HanZang fojiao 漢藏佛教
see Sino-Tibetan Buddhism
HanZang foxue 漢藏佛學
see Sino-Tibetan Buddhist studies
HanZang jiaoli yuan 漢藏教理院
see Sino-Tibetan Institute of Studies
Haribhadra (Seng ge bzang po)
258, 260, 264, 273
Hastings, James
208
Heart Sūtra (Bore boluomiduo xinjing 般若波羅蜜多心經)
85n74, 90, 257
See also Prajñāpāramitā
heaven (tian 天)
116, 125–127, 132
Helan 贺兰 Mountains (ha la shan)
78, 82, 84
Helin 和琳
111, 113, 114, 116n22, 120, 124
See also Amban
Hening 和寧
111, 116n22, 124, 125
See also Amban
Heruka tantra
200
Heshang Moheyan 和尚摩訶衍
see Hva shang
heterodoxy
22, 35, 51, 55, 58–60, 364
Hevajra
96
tantra
95, 209, 212
Hīnayāna
45, 188, 193, 242, 263, 269–273
History of Buddhism
see Bu ston chos ’byung
History of Buddhism in India
see Rgya gar chos ’byung
Hodgson, Brian Houghton
165, 202, 204, 214
Hohhot (Kökeqota, Huhehaote 呼和浩特)
IX, 7, 13, 97, 283n16, 317–334, 338–340, 344, 346–357, 373
Hongjiao 紅教 (Red Religion)
187, 189, 190, 195, 197–199
See also Nyingmapa; Sakyapa
Hongwu 洪武
see Ming dynasty
Hongyi 弘一
234n38, 236n53
Hsing Yun 星雲
302
Huang Shuyin 黃樹因
238
Huangjiao 黃教 (Yellow Religion)
187–190, 195, 196, 198, 199
See also Gelugpa; Tsongkhapa
Huangtaiji
see Taizong 太宗
huashen zhuanshi 化身轉世
189
See also tulku
Huayan 華嚴
203n65, 211, 237n53, 241, 262, 270, 271n52
Huayan jing 華嚴經 (Avataṃsaka Sūtra)
155, 211, 263
Hübner, Johann
184, 185
Huiguo 惠果
179, 180
huofo 活佛 (katsubutsu)
188, 185
See also tulku
Hva shang
67, 78, 79–81, 83, 84, 365
See also Hva shang Mahāyāna; Kim Hva shang
Hva shang Mahāyāna (Heshang Moheyan 和尚摩訶衍)
5, 9, 10, 21–23, 26–29, 31–37, 40–61, 354
IMAR
see Inner Mongolia
Imperial Preceptor
91n4, 104, 187
See also dishi dabao fawang
imperial sovereignty
8, 10, 112, 120, 123, 130, 132, 133, 367
Indo-Tibetan Buddhism
1
Indo-Tibetan commentaries
234, 255, 273
Inner Mongolia
4, 9, 13, 97, 319, 320, 324, 326n41, 330, 331, 333, 341, 345n87, 346, 354, 356n119, 373
Autonomous Region (IMAR)
317, 319n9–10, 320, 322n25, 324n31–32, 332, 356n120
See also Mongolia
insight
see vipaśyanā
Instantaneism (cig car ba/ston mun)
31–46, 48n65, 49–55, 60
Isis Unveiled
141, 166n79
See also Blavatsky, Helena Petrovna
itinerant monk (xingjiao seng 行腳僧)
81, 82
Jackson, Roger
49
Jagou, Fabienne
2
jam dpal
see Mañjuśrī
Jamyang Rinpoche
253
Japan
11, 85, 170, 172, 180, 182–185, 190, 191, 197, 201–203, 211, 213, 237, 281, 369, 370
Esotericism/Tantrism (Mikkyō)
11, 170, 178–183, 191, 192, 194, 195n51, 200, 201, 207, 211, 213–215, 280, 369
See also Esoteric Buddhism; Tantra, Tantrism; Vajrayāna
Jäschke, Heinrich August
IX, 11, 146, 147, 149, 150n29, 154, 155, 157–159, 161n67–68, 166n81, 368
See also Romanized Tibetan-English Dictionary
Jiaosiluo 唃厮囉
104
See also Tsongkha
jiemo 羯磨
see ritual procedures
Jikmé Püntsok (’Jigs med phun tshogs)
345n85, 348
Jin Heshang 金和尚
see Kim Hva shang
Jincheng 金城
24, 26n15, 51
Jincisi 金慈寺
225n1, 228–231, 239, 240
jing 經
see sūtra
Jingang bore boluomi jing 金剛般若波羅蜜經
see Diamond Sūtra
Jingkong 淨空
297, 298, 302, 303
Jingtu 淨土
see Pure Land
Jixiang lüyuan 吉祥律院
see Jixiangsi
Jo bo (Śākyamuni) statue
26, 334
Mongol replicas
322n27, 334, 335
See also Jokhang Temple
Jo khang
see Jokhang Temple
Jokhang Temple
10, 26, 111, 114, 190, 322n27, 333, 334
See also Jo bo
jushi 居士
see lay Buddhism/Buddhist
Kagyupa (bKa’ brgyud pa)
49–58, 106
Kaifeng
73
Kālacakra
IX, 339, 340
tantra
200, 210, 212, 215
Kalsang Norbu Gurung
121
Kamalaśīla (Lianhua jie lunshi 蓮花戒論師)
9, 22, 28, 29, 32, 33, 41, 43, 46–48, 54–57, 60, 364
Kang you ji xing 康輶紀行 (Records of Voyages in Khams by Carriage)
186, 189
Kanjur (bKa’ ’gyur)
75, 76n36, 163, 190, 203, 210–212, 337, 347
Kapstein, Matthew T.
4, 8
karma
54, 120, 126, 127, 299, 307
Karmay, Samten
32
Kāśyapa
32n35, 35, 44n57, 68, 347
Kern, Hendrik
207
Kham
see Khams
Khams
91, 95, 106, 186, 190, 238, 239n63, 253
Khangsar
229, 253, 254
Khara Khoto collection
3, 10, 90, 91, 98, 100–102, 106, 107, 366
See also manuscripts
Khri bKra shis brtsegs pa dpal
32
Khri srong lde’u btsan
26, 28, 31, 36, 41, 75, 122, 197, 198
Khro phu Lotsāba
78
khu tshur ‘bum
see A Thousand Fists
Kim Hva shang (Jin Heshang 金和尚)
27
Kongquewang zhoujing 孔雀王咒經
175
Koot Hoomi
142–146, 156, 160, 161, 165, 368
Kṣitigarbha
see Dizang
Kṣitigarbha sūtra
see Dizang Sūtra
Khubilai
see Yuan dynasty
Kūkai 空海
180, 213
Kumārabuddha (Gzhon nu sangs rgyas)
97n23, 101, 102
Kumārajīva
189, 205, 260, 262n29
kun bde gling
see Kundeling Monastery
Kundeling Monastery (kun bde gling)
10, 111, 113, 123–125, 127, 129, 130, 132, 367
Labrang Monastery (bla brang)
278, 318n6
Lam ‘bras
X, 94–96
kyi bla ma bod kyi lo rgyus rgyas pa
92n10
Lam rim chen mo
see Lamrim chenmo
Lama Memorial Hall
300
See also Norlha Qutughtu
Lamaism (Lamajiao 喇嘛教)
11, 21, 143, 144, 148, 181–184, 192, 368
See also Xizang fojiao
Lamajiao 喇嘛教
see Lamaism
Lamrim
see Lamrim chenmo
Lamrim chenmo (Lam rim chen mo, Putidao cidi 菩提道次第)
56, 204, 212, 232, 239, 242n78, 245
Larung gar
see Five Sciences Buddhist Academy
lay Buddhism/Buddhist (jushi 居士)
IX, 12, 13, 29, 45, 120, 141, 149, 150, 151n29, 164, 229, 230, 233, 238, 240, 241, 244, 253, 278–314, 318, 324, 325, 330, 332, 341, 344, 345n85, 347–349, 351–355, 357, 372, 373
Legs byin (Sudatta, Shanshi 善施)
25
Lha
148, 150, 154, 156–158, 161
Lha rtse
91, 95
Lhasa
8, 10, 26, 42, 76, 111, 112, 114, 115n20, 120, 123, 124, 128–132, 188, 190, 199, 227, 229, 238, 239n63, 240, 253, 254, 258, 259, 322n27, 333, 334, 345n87, 367
lho bal
113, 117, 118, 132, 367
See also barbarian; manmo
Li Yizhuo 李翊灼
192, 194n48, 199–201, 203, 213, 214
Lianhua jie lunshi 蓮花戒論師
see Kamalaśīla
liberate/salving living beings (du zhongsheng 度眾生)
38, 82, 266, 270n50, 300, 345n87, 348
Lidai fabao ji 歷代法寶記
27, 59, 83
Lillie, Arthur
142–147, 149, 151n33, 158, 160, 165
See also Buddha and Early Buddhism
Linji 臨濟
244
Liu Mingyuan 劉明淵 (Tongyi 通一)
242, 259n20
Liu, Lydia
112
Longduo Danzeng Rongbo 龍多·丹增榮波活佛
344–347
See also Larungar
Longlian 隆蓮
229, 231, 232, 245
Longquan Si 龍泉寺
182
Lopez, Donald S.
100, 101n5, 254
Lotus Sūtra (Fahua jing 法華經, Saddharmapuṇḍarikā)
190, 202, 263, 270n51, 272, 300n39
Lü Cheng 吕澄
1, 11, 170, 172, 173n5, 180–182, 201–213, 234, 235, 238n59, 369
Lühai xinyao 律海心要
see Essence of the Vinaya Ocean
Madhyamāgama (Zhong ahan jing 中阿含經, Middle Length Āgama Sūtra)
270n49
See also Āgama
Madhyamaka
22, 57
Madhyamakāvatāra
204
-Yogācāra
28, 31
Mahākāla
10, 90, 93, 95
Mahāmudrā
5n19, 49–52, 54, 57, 58, 347
See also bKa’ brgyud pa
Mahāprajñāpāramitā (Sūtra) (Da bore boluomiduo jing 大般若波羅蜜多經)
12, 242, 255, 257, 249–265, 269, 274
school of (da bore zong 大般若宗)
245
See also Abhisamayālankāra; Prajñāpāramitā
Mahatma Letters
11, 142–144, 152, 156, 160–162, 164, 165, 368
See also Blavatsky, Helena Petrovna; Tibetan Theosophy
Mahatmas
see Mahatma Letters
Mahāvairocana
179, 180, 197, 199, 202
Mahāvairocanābhisaṃbodhi sūtra
179, 194, 200, 211
Mahāyāna
30, 57, 68, 69, 155, 159, 179, 187, 193–195, 200–202, 205, 206, 208, 213, 215, 241, 242, 244, 254–256, 260, 262n29, 263, 265–274, 280, 303, 371
See also Hva shang Mahāyāna
Mahāyoga
31, 33
Maitreya
9, 10, 67–70, 83, 84, 257, 261, 333, 335, 337, 338, 340, 342, 345n87
Maitreyāvyakaraṇa (Byams pa lung bstan pa)
75–77
Manchu
see Qing dynasty
Manchuria
191, 280
manifest teaching
see Xianjiao
Mañjuśrī (Wenshu 文殊, jam dpal)
102, 122, 123, 127, 129, 235n43, 243, 337–339, 342
Mañjuśrī-emperor (Wenshu Huangdi 文殊皇帝, ‘jam dpal byangs gong ma bdag po chen po)
113, 125, 127, 130–132, 367
See also Wutaishan, Yellow Mañjuśrī
manmo 蠻貊
113, 118, 132, 367
See also barbarian; lho bal
mantra (zhou 咒)
121, 171, 175–181, 187, 190, 194, 196, 197, 202, 208, 210, 213, 215, 216, 235, 297, 298, 300, 305, 345n87
Mantrayāna
31, 210, 211
See also Esoteric Buddhism; Tantra, Tantrism; Vajrayāna
manuscripts
3, 10, 24, 27n17, 37, 72n20, 73, 90, 91, 98n24–25, 101, 106, 107, 147–149, 157, 166n82, 366, 368
See also Dunhuang manuscripts; Tangut Buddhist scriptures; Khara Khoto collection; Baisigou
mChims Nam mkha’ grags/ Mchims Nam mkha’ grags pa
76n37, 77, 78, 101
mchod yon
see patron-priest
Mdo smad
94, 95, 97
Mdo
see Sūtra
mi 密
see esoteric/tantric
Mianzhu
228n12, 253
Mijiao chongxing 密教重興
see tantric revival
mijiao fuxing 密教復興
see tantric revival
mijiao 密教
see Tantrism
Mikkyō
see Japanese Esotericism/Tantrism
Mimaki, Katsumi
61
Ming dynasty
4n13, 5, 21, 74n28, 75n31, 80, 116, 185–189, 198, 199, 213, 328n48, 329, 351n101
Chongde 崇德 Emperor
188
Hongwu 洪武 Emperor
187
Yongle 永樂Emperor
75n31, 187, 198
minorities
see minority ethnic group
minority ethnic group (shaoshu minzu 少數民族)
317n5, 319n11, 320–322, 327n44, 332, 352, 356n119, 357
Misheng 密乘 (Secret Vehicle)
179, 180, 202, 205–206, 208–213
See also Tantrism
misheng jingang daochang 密乘金剛道場
see tantric vajra monasteries
mixin 迷信
see superstition
Miyamoto, Shoson
2
mizhou 密咒 (secret mantra)
178, 187, 213
See also mantra
mizong 密宗
see Tantrism
Mkhyen brtse’i dbang phyug
91, 92, 95–97, 104n46
Modengjia jing 摩登伽經
175, 215
Modernism
see Buddhist modernism
Mohe zhiguan 摩訶止觀 (Great Cessation and Contemplation)
262n30
See also Zhiyi
Moheyan 摩訶衍
see Hva shang Mahāyāna
Mongol Buddhism
13, 317–319, 322, 324, 329, 349, 352, 354–357, 373
Mongolia
121, 125n64, 182, 191, 280, 326, 373
See also Inner Mongolia
Morya
143, 368
Moses, (William) Stainton
142, 147, 149, 158
Mount Wutai
see Wutaishan
Mueggler, Erik
113
Mukden
188
Mūlasarvāstivāda
199, 228, 232–234
See also vinaya
multilingual stone steles
10, 111–113, 114n17, 121, 127, 132, 367
Smallpox
10, 111–124, 132, 133, 367
Kundeling
10, 111, 113, 123–130, 132, 367
Gurkha Edict
10, 111, 126, 132, 367
Nāgabodhi
179, 197
Nāgārjuna
43, 179, 197, 198, 205, 206, 208, 209, 262n29
Nandimitrāvadāna (Da’aluohan nantimiduoluo suoshuo fazhu ji 大阿羅漢難提蜜多羅所說法住記)
69, 70, 72, 75–77
Nanjing
IX, 178, 187, 192, 201, 202, 278, 279, 284, 285, 288, 290–312, 349n97, 372
Nanjō Bunyu 南條文雄
178, 212, 213
Nanshan lü 南山律
244
Nāropa
54
nationality (minzu 民族)
see minority ethnic group
Nenghai 能海
12, 225–246, 253–256, 258–275, 350, 370, 371
Nepal
25, 26, 28, 43, 202, 204
ngar mi
see effigy
Ningxia
3
Norlha Qutughtu (Nuona 諾那)
301n42
Nuona Pagoda
300
Nuona Memorial Hall
IX, 300–305
Nuona 諾那
see Norlha Qutughtu
Nyang Nyi ma ‘od zer
44n57, 48n65, 50
Nyingmapa (rNying ma pa)
31, 32, 43, 44n57, 49, 50, 340n77, 345n85, 348, 349, 353
Occultism
2, 141, 142, 156, 166, 167, 368
Ogurusu Kōchō 小栗栖香頂
182–185, 190–193, 194n48, 195n51, 197, 199–201, 214
Olcott, Henry Steel
141, 142, 146n17, 368
See also Buddhist Catechism; Theosophical Society
ordination
76n39, 227, 228, 230, 233–238, 330, 345n85
dual (erbuseng jie 二部僧戒)
231
certificate (jiedie 戒牒)
228
Original/Primitive Buddhism (yuanshi fojiao 原始佛教)
6, 11, 12, 170, 174n5, 201, 237, 242, 244, 245, 369, 370
of the primordial vehicle (genben sheng yuanshi fojiao 根本乘原始佛教)
237
Ornament of Realization
see Abhisamayālankāra
orthodoxy
22, 28, 30, 35, 364
Orzech, Charles
173n5
Padmasambhava
26, 32, 93n13, 194–199, 210, 340, 341, 345n85, 347
Pan-Asianism
6, 236
pan-Hexi region
4, 10, 84
Panchen Lama
11, 55n80, 120, 143, 144, 146, 148, 156, 157n51, 160, 166, 186–188, 190, 195, 196, 199, 368
Pasang Wangdu
42
patron-priest (mchod yon/ yon mchod)
5, 128, 280
People’s Republic of China (PRC)
171n3, 214, 278, 281, 293n33, 297n35, 302, 312, 317n2, 319n8, 322n25, 355n117, 357n123, 372
Perfection of Wisdom
see Prajñāpāramitā
Pha Dam pa Sangs rgyas
91, 98n24
’Phags pa (Blo gros rgyal mtshan)
59, 105n52, 185, 187
’Phan yul
99–101
Po ta 繁塔
73
Potala Palace
111, 123, 126, 127, 190
Prajñāpāramitā (Perfection of Wisdom)
12, 36, 43, 211, 253–263, 265, 268, 273, 274, 371
See also Abhisamayālankāra, Mahāprajñāpāramitā
Prātimokṣa (jieben 戒本)
227, 228, 230, 231, 233, 234, 236, 241, 244
See also vinaya
preference
13, 76, 236, 278, 288, 289, 311, 312, 372
See also availability
Primitive Buddhism
see Original Buddhism
Princess Jincheng
see Jincheng
Princess Wencheng
see Wencheng
Pu to ba Rin chen gsal
101
Pure Land (Jingtu 淨土)
165, 241, 285, 290, 296, 297n35, 299, 300, 303, 305, 345n87, 349n95, 352
pusa 菩薩
see Bodhisattva
pusa jie 菩薩戒
see Bodhisattva precepts
Pusading 菩薩頂
228
Putidao cidi 菩提道次第
see Lamrim
putixin 菩提心
see bodhicitta
Putuoshan
345
Qianlong 乾隆
see Qing dynasty
Qing dynasty (Manchu)
5, 6, 10, 111–133, 171n3, 178, 179, 181–191, 196, 200, 280, 320, 322n24, 322n27, 329, 351, 354, 367
Qianlong 乾隆 Emperor
5, 112, 113, 115, 123–129, 131, 185
Shunzhi 順治 Emperor
188
sovereignty (over central Tibet)
8, 10, 111, 112, 120, 123, 130, 132, 133
Yongzheng 雍正 Emperor
127, 129
Qinghai
105, 282n11, 331n57
Qingliangqiao Jixiang lüyuan 清涼橋吉祥律院
see Jixiangsi
Qubilai Khan (Khubilai)
see Yuan dynasty
Rāhula (sgra gcan ‘dzin)
68, 69, 78, 347
Ral pa can
32
Ramakyō 喇嘛教
see Lamaism
Ramoche Temple (ra mo che’i gtsug lag khang)
26, 51
ransom
see glud
rdzogs chen
see Great Perfection
Record of the Grand Historian
see Shiji
Red Annals
see Deb ther dmar po
regent
123, 125, 129, 130, 133
release of living creatures
see fangsheng
Republic of China
1, 6, 7, 11, 13, 170, 171n3, 172, 177, 180–182, 191, 192, 200–202, 203n65, 208, 213, 214, 227, 229n15, 234, 236, 280, 282, 300, 301n42, 322n24, 324n33, 369
Republican era/period
see Republic of China
revival of Tantrism
see tantric revival
rGya bod yig tshang
58, 59, 105n52
Rgya gar chos ’byung (A History of Buddhism in India)
174n7, 204, 206
See also Tāranātha
Rgya nag
95, 97, 103, 105
Rgya yul
99
rgyal po (king)
127, 128
Rgyud bzhi
see Four Medical Tantras
Rgyud
see Tantra
rim gyis pa/tsen men
see Gradualism
ritual procedures (jiemo 羯磨)
95, 100, 232–234, 237
Rje btsun Grags pa rgyal mtshan
92, 102
rJe drung Hutukhtu
123, 125, 130
rNal ‘byor mig gi
see bSam gtan mig sgron
rNying ma pa
see Nyingmapa
Romanized Tibetan and English Dictionary
IX, 146, 147, 157, 368
See also Jäschke, Heinrich August
Rowe, William
119
Rtsa mi Lo tsā ba
90, 105
Ru dasheng lun 入大乘論 (*Mahāyānāvatāra)
69
Ruegg, David Seyfort
29, 30n26
Rybot, N.V.L.
112, 114
sa skya pa (Sakyapa)
78, 92, 93n11, 94, 99n31, 101, 102, 198
Sa skya (Sakya) Paṇḍita
49–51
sad mi mi bdun (seven men to be tested)
27
ṣaḍakṣarī vidyā (liuju shenzhou 六句神咒)
165, 194, 215
Saddharmapuṇḍarikā
see Lotus Sūtra
sādhana
67, 75, 77, 78, 85, 93n12, 94, 235n43, 365
Śākyamuni
9, 35, 67, 68, 74, 75, 77n43, 177n11, 179, 189, 190, 197, 201, 214, 322n27, 333, 334, 337, 340, 341, 347
See also Jo bo
Śākyaśrībhadra
78
śamatha (calm)
38, 43
See also Calm and Insight meditation
Samye (bSam yas) monastery
9, 27, 41, 43, 48, 51, 122
See also Great Debate of Tibet
Saṃyuktāgama Sūtra (Za ahan jing 雜阿含經, Āgama of Combined Discourses)
270n49
See also Āgama
Sangharakṣita
205, 206, 208
Śāntarakṣita (Zhi ba ‘tsho)
26, 28, 33n35, 41–43, 54, 56, 197, 210
sanxue 三學
see Threefold Learning
Sarvatathāgata tattvasaṃgraha
179
sBa/dBa’ bzhed
26n15, 40–47, 48n65, 50–52, 54–56, 60
Schiefner, Franz Anton
174n7, 204, 206, 210
Schlagintweit, Emil
150n29, 157, 162, 163
sDom gsum rab dbye
49, 55
Se ra
see Sera monastery
Secret Vehicle
see Misheng
Seizō Bukkyō 西藏佛教
183, 190–192
See also Xizang fojiao
Senzar
166
Sera (Se ra) monastery
129, 131, 190, 199
Sertar (Seda)
283n16, 344
See also Five Sciences Buddhist Academy
sgom pa
see dhyāna
sGom pa’i rim pa tha ma
see Bhāvanākrama
sgra gcan ‘dzin
see Rāhula
Shaanxi
73, 186, 191
Shanghai
182, 183, 191, 202, 203, 227, 228n12, 238, 254, 259
Shanxi
4, 191, 228, 352
Shaocheng Foxueshe 少城佛學社
238
Sharf, Robert
173n5
shengwen 聲聞
see śrāvaka
Shengwu ji 聖武記 (Military Records of the Glorious Dynasty)
184, 185, 190, 191, 195
Sher snying bdud bzlog (Repel Demons with the Heart Sutra)
90, 92, 97, 100, 102, 366
shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa’i man ngag gi bstan bcos mngon par rtogs pa’i rgyan zhes bya ba’i ’grel pa
see Clear Meaning Commentary
Shi shi wushi song guanjie 事師五十頌廣解
see Great Exposition of the Fifty Verses for Master Devotion
Shigatse
76
Shiji 史記 (Record of the Grand Historian)
24
Shingon 真言
172n4, 179, 180, 200
See also Zhenyan zong
Shunzhi 順治
see Qing dynasty
Sichuan
4, 13, 71, 73n22, 83, 105, 186, 191, 228, 236n49, 238, 253, 254, 282, 283n16, 286, 296, 308n45, 344
Sifenlü 四分律
see Dharmaguptaka
Sihlé, Nicolas
121
Śīlapaṭala
234n40, 235
See also Explanation of the Bodhisattva Moral Conduct; Yogācārabhūmi śāstra
sinicization
71n14, 119, 320, 338, 373
Sinnett, Alfred Percy
141–143, 145, 156, 160–162
See also Esoteric Buddhism
Sino-Tibetan Buddhism
1, 2, 4, 6–9, 12, 13, 67, 84, 85, 225, 237, 244, 365
Buddhist studies
1, 2, 8
Institute of Studies
1, 234n36
Siregetü juu (Xilituzhao 席力圖召)
IX, 322, 325, 326, 328n49, 329–331, 334, 338, 344, 350, 353
Siregetü qutuγtu
322n28, 324, 331
Sixteen Benevolent deities (shiliu shanshen 十六善神)
85
Sixteenfold Arhat cycle
see arhat
smallpox
114, 118–124
See also multilingual stone steles
Smyer Yü, Dan
349
sNar thang Monastery
76, 77, 101
edition of the canon
202–204, 210, 211
Song dynasty
70n11, 73, 83, 103–105, 116, 189, 212
Songtsen Gampo (Srong btsan sgam po)
4, 23–26, 30, 58, 76, 187, 194n48
spirit tablets (ancestral)
297, 298
Spiritualism
11, 142–144, 149, 156, 158, 160
sprul pa (trulpa)
161
sprul sku
see tulku
spyan ras gzigs
see Avalokiteśvara
śrāvaka (shengwen 聲聞)
68, 69, 155, 156, 188, 270–272
Srong btsan sgam po
see Songtsen Gampo
St. Petersburg
3, 204
steles
see multilingual stone steles
sthavira
see gnas brtan
Strickmann, Michel
170, 176n10, 214
stūpa
IX, 13, 303, 304, 318, 331, 333, 335, 352
See also Burqan stūpa
Śubhākarasiṃha (Shanwuwei 善無畏)
172, 176n10, 179, 180, 213
Sumangala Unnanse
143
Śūnyatā
159, 161
super-sign
112, 113, 132, 133, 367
superstition (mixin 迷信)
202, 306
Susiddhikara sūtra
179, 211
Sūtra (Mdo, jing 經)
210, 211
Suzong 肅宗
82
syncretism
4, 318, 373
Taixu 太虛
1, 170, 181n18, 234, 235, 254n4, 256, 369
Taizong 太宗 (Huangtaiji)
116
Tang dynasty
4, 23–27, 72, 81n59, 91, 114, 116–118, 172, 174, 175, 179, 186, 189, 226, 234, 280
Ruizong 睿宗
76n39, 79
Suzong 肅宗
82
Wuzong 武宗
71
Xuanzong 玄宗
71n12
Tang Xiangming 湯薌銘
235
Tangut/Xixia
3, 4, 8, 10, 83, 84, 90, 91n4, 102–106, 186, 366
Tangut Buddhism
3, 90, 366
See also Khara Khoto collection; manuscripts
Tanjur (bstan ’gyur)
93, 163, 190, 204
Tanteluo sheng 坦特羅乘
206, 208, 210
See also Tantric Buddhism; Tantrism; Vajrayāna
Tantra (Rgyud)
11, 202, 207, 210–212
See also Esoteric Buddhism; Tantric Buddhism; Tantrism; Vajrayāna
tantric
see esoteric
Tantric Buddhism
173n5, 226, 238, 242, 279n1, 280, 368, 370
Chinese
170, 175, 176n10, 214, 215
Tibetan
85
See also Esoteric Buddhism; Tantra; Tantrism; Vajrayāna
tantric revival (mijiao fuxing/chongxing 密教復興/重興)
181, 192, 200, 238, 282, 349n95, 369
tantric vajra monasteries (misheng jingang daochang 密乘金剛道場)
238, 239
Tantrism (mizong 密宗, Mijiao 密教)
8, 11, 170–183, 190–203, 207, 208, 210–215, 238, 279, 369
See also Esoteric Buddhism; Tantra; Tantric Buddhism; Vajrayāna
Tanxu 倓虛
237n53
Tārā
197, 333
Tāranātha
204, 206
See also Rgya gar chos ’byung
Tashi Lhunpo Monastery
144, 157n51
tea trade
10, 24, 25n11, 90, 91, 95–97, 99, 100, 103, 105
ten thousand doors to the dharma
290
The Book of Dzyan
146, 148, 163–166
See also Blavatsky, Helena Petrovna; Tibetan Theosophy
The Mahatma Letters
11, 142, 165, 368
See also Blavatsky, Helena Petrovna; Tibetan Theosophy
The Secret Doctrine
146, 148, 149, 166, 368
See also Blavatsky, Helena Petrovna
Theosophical Society
8, 11, 141, 143, 146, 148, 152, 155, 156, 159–161, 165, 368
The Theosophist
142, 147, 148, 151
See also Blavatsky, Helena Petrovna; Olcott, Henry Steel
Theosophy
see Theosophical Society
Theravāda
243, 280
Thomas, Frederick W.
2
Threefold Learning (sanxue 三學)
240, 243
Thu’u bkwan Blo bzang chos kyi nyi ma
57, 204
See also Grub mtha’ shel gyi me long
Thub bstan ’jigs med rgya mtsho (nineteenth Dung dkar sprul sku)
182
Thub pa’i dgongs pa rab gsal
49, 50
tian 天
see heaven
Tiantai 天台
178, 203n65, 262, 270
See also Zhiyi
Tibetan Buddhist Studies
2
See also Seizō Bukkyō; Xizang fojiao
Tibetan Chan
3, 5, 32, 42, 52, 83
See also Chan
Tibetan dominion over Dunhuang
see Dunhuang
Tibetan Theosophy
11, 141, 155, 368
See also Blavatsky, Helena Petrovna; Theosophical Society
Tibeto-Mongol Buddhism
see Mongol Buddhism
Tibeto-Tangut Buddhism
see Tangut Buddhism
Tiexiangsi 鐵像寺
228n12, 230, 236n49
Tokio, Takata
3
Tongyi 通一
see Liu Mingyuan
tourism/tourists
295, 317n5, 318, 325–328, 330–332, 338, 344, 352–356, 373
traces of tantra
215
translation (project/enterprise)
70, 93, 112, 126, 197, 211, 212
Chinese into Tibetan
2, 5, 6n24, 24, 26, 27, 51, 58–60, 76, 119, 125–128
mistranslation
112, 113, 115, 123, 126, 130–133, 367, 371
Tibetan into Chinese
2, 6, 132, 231, 234n36, 235, 238, 239, 242n78, 253–259, 274
transmigration
68, 150n29, 154, 159, 161, 162
Tshar dgu Ston pa
94
Tsong kha pa
see Tsongkhapa
Tsongkha region
10, 91, 97, 103–105
Tsongkhapa
56, 57, 187–190, 195, 196, 198, 199, 204, 210, 212, 225, 226, 231–236, 238, 239, 241, 242, 245, 258, 265, 267, 337
Tucci, Giuseppe
29, 32, 75n32, 76n39, 80n55
tulku (sprul sku)
59, 161n66, 182, 190, 195, 196
See also huashen zhuanshi
Tuttle, Gray
6
Two Entrances and Four Conducts (erru xixing 二入四行)
27, 36, 37
Universal Door of Guanyin Bodhisattva
see Guanyin Pumen Pin
utilitarian (religious orientation)
290, 305, 311, 312, 314
Vajrabhairava
235n43
tantra
212
See also Yamāntaka
Vajrabodhi (Jingangzhi 金剛智)
85n74, 172, 176n10, 179, 180, 213
Vajrayāna
170, 171n3, 173n5, 176, 177, 182, 200, 206–208, 210, 213, 215, 240, 280, 369
See also Esoteric Buddhism; Tantra; Tantrism; Tantric Buddhism
van der Kuijp, Leonard
49n67
Vasil’ev, Vasily Pavlovich
204
Vasubandhu
205, 206, 208, 257n14
Vimalakīrti
270
Sūtra (Weimojie jing 維摩詰經)
36, 270
vinaya
12, 57, 69, 209–211, 225–246, 370
-piṭaka
226
-sūtra (’dul ba’i mdo rtsa ba)
234
See also Dharmaguptaka; Essence of the Vinaya Ocean; Mūlasarvāstivāda; Prātimokṣa
vipaśyanā (insight)
38, 143
See also Calm and Insight
Wei Yuan 魏源
184–200, 214
Weimojie jing 維摩詰經
see Vimalakīrti Sūtra
Welch, Holmes
4, 7, 170, 176n10, 181, 369
Wencheng 文成
4, 23–26, 76, 187
Wenshu
see Mañjuśrī
White Panacea (dkar po chig thub)
47–50, 52–55
Wulou 無漏
82, 84n72
Wuming Buddhist Academy
see Five Sciences Buddhist Academy
Wuming foxueyuan 五明佛學院
see Five Sciences Buddhist Academy
Wuta 五塔 temple/monastery
73, 329, 351
Wutaishan
4, 122, 127, 191, 227, 228, 230n19, 232, 236n49, 240, 254, 259, 260, 331n55–56, 345, 350, 352, 353
Wuzi zhenyan 五字真言 (Five syllable mantra)
235, 240, 241
Xianglong luohan 降龍羅漢
see arhat
Xiangshan 香山 Monastery
73
Xianjiao 顯教 (manifest teaching)
179, 202, 209
xianmi 顯密
see exoteric and esoteric
xianmi shuangxiu 顯密雙修
see exoteric and esoteric
Xianzheng zhuangyan lun xianming yishu 現證莊嚴論顯明義疏
see Clear Meaning Commentary
Xiaozhao 小召
see Baγa juu
Xilituzhao 席力圖召
see Siregetü juu
xingjiao seng
see itinerant monk
Xixia
see Tangut
Xizang 西藏 (Tibet)
116n22, 186, 188–191
fojiao 西藏佛教 (Tibetan Buddhism)
171, 183, 191–193, 200, 369
Xuanzang 玄奘
26n15, 69, 70, 71n55, 83n65, 85, 151, 189, 205, 255, 257, 293, 298
Xubilgan
195, 196, 199
Xuyun 虛雲
237n54, 302
Yala Mountain
see Bzhag ra Lha rtse
Yamāntaka
238
tantra
200
-Vajrabhairava
43
Yamari tantra
212
yan lag ‘byung
see Aṅgaja
Yang Wenhui 楊文會
178, 180, 183n21, 191, 192, 212, 213
Yao Ying 姚瑩
186, 189
Yeke juu (Dazhaosi 大召寺)
IX, X, 318, 322, 324n32, 326–339, 344, 350–354, 356, 373
Yellow Mañjuśrī
243
yi 夷
112
See also barbarian
Yijing 義淨
75n36, 175
Yixing 一行
179, 180
Yogācāra
57, 151, 201, 202, 205, 210
Bodhisattva precepts (yuqie pusajie 瑜伽菩薩戒)
232, 234–236
Yogācārabhūmi śāstra
234n40, 236
See also Śīlapaṭala
Yogācāra-Madhyamaka
see Madhyamaka-Yogācāra
Yonghegong 雍和宮
182, 197, 199, 334
Yongle 永樂
see Ming dynasty
Yongzheng 雍正
see Qing dynasty
Yuan dynasty
5, 105n52, 185–187, 189
Qubilai Khan (Khubilai)
59, 185, 187
yuanshi fojiao 原始佛教
see Original Buddhism
Yunnan
186, 191, 299, 333, 356n119
yuqie pusajie 瑜伽菩薩戒
see Yogācāra Bodhisattva precepts
Za ahan jing 雜阿含經
see Saṃyuktāgama Sūtra
Zengyi ahan jing 增一阿含經
see Ekōttarāgama
Zen
see Chan
Zhanran 湛然
69
Zhejiang
228n12, 236n49, 301n43, 308n45, 351
Zhenyan (zong) 真言 (宗)
179, 180
See also Esoteric Buddhism; Japanese Esotericism/Tantrism (Mikkyō)
Zhengli jue 正理決
see Dunwu dacheng zhengli jue
Zhi ba ‘tsho
see Śāntarakṣita
Zhimin 智敏
229, 230n19, 232
Zhina Neixue Yuan 支那内学院 (China Institute of Inner Studies)
201, 202
Zhiqian 支謙
175, 215
Zhixu 智旭
178, 212, 213
Zhiyi 智顗
178, 262, 270
See also Tiantai
Zhong ahan jing 中阿含經
see Madhyamāgama
Zhou (Chou) Yiliang 周一良
172–177, 181, 208, 214, 215
zhou 咒
see mantra
Zhu Lüyan 竺律炎
175, 215
Zhu Qingshi 朱清時
21, 22
zhushi luohan 住世羅漢
see arhat
zunzhe 尊者 (Venerable)
70
See also arhat