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Muslims in Spain, 1492-1814
Living and Negotiating in the Land of the Infidel
Series: - Mediterranean Reconfigurations, Volume: 3
Author:
In Muslims in Spain, 1492-1814: Living and Negotiating in the Land of the Infidel, Eloy Martín-Corrales surveys Hispano-Muslim relations from the late fifteenth to the eighteenth centuries, a period of chronic hostilities. Nonetheless there were thousands of Muslims in Spain at that time: ambassadors, exiles, merchants, converts, and travelers. Their negotiating strategies, and the necessary support they found on both shores of the Mediterranean prove that relations between Spaniards and Muslims were based on reasons of state and on a pragmatism that generated intense political and economic ties.These increased enormously after the peace treaties that Spain signed with Muslim countries between 1767 and 1791.
Eloy Martín-Corrales, Ph.D (1993), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, is Catedrático of Modern History at that university. He jas published monographs and many articles, including, Comercio de Cataluña con el Mediterráneo musulmán: El comercio con los “enemigos de la fe” (2001), La imagen del magrebí en España: una perspectiva histórica (siglos XVI-XX) (2002).
Acknowledgments
List of Illustrations and Tables
Abbreviations
Introduction
1 Historiography and the Muslim Presence in Spain in the Early Modern Age
1 Muslims in Europe, Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries
1.1 Muslims, a Minority among Slaves
1.2 Hundreds of Muslim Embassies
1.3 Merchants in Ports and Cities
1.4 Muslim Converts to Christianity
1.5 Exiles, Travelers, Soldiers, and Adventurers
2 The Spain That Enslaves and Expels: Moriscos and Muslim Captives (1492 to 1767–1791)
2.1emsp;The Moriscos between Islam and Christendom
2.2emsp;Muslims, a Minority among Slaves
3 Spain, Land of Refuge and Survival for Thousands of Muslims: Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries
3.1 Royal Exiles in the Sixteenth Century: Recover the Throne, or Convert?
3.2 Exile in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries: Saving One’s Life above All
4 Living in Freedom among the Infidels in Times of Conflict, 1492–1767
4.1 Maghrebi, Ottoman, and Persian Ambassadors
4.2 Free Muslims
4.3 More Merchants Than Expected
4.4 Muslims of Christ
4.5 (Limited) Freedom of Worship for Muslims
4.6 Diplomacy with the Maghreb in Castilian Spanish
5 Peace Treaties with Morocco, the Ottoman Empire, and the North African Regencies
5.1 Negotiations with Morocco: the Embassy of Al- Gazzal (1766) and the Treaty of Peace (1767)
5.2 Negotiations with the Ottoman Empire and the Regencies
5.3 A Surge in Spanish–Muslim Trade
5.4 The Treaty of Peace, the Gift Economy, Local Custom, and the Market
6 Problems in Applying the Treaties: Ambassadors and Envoys
6.1 Muslim Ambassadors at the Spanish Court
6.2 Muslim Ambassadors Who Passed through Spain
6.3 Muslim Envoys
7 Ship Captains and Sailors
7.1 Moroccan Captains
7.2 Algerian, Tripolitan, and Tunisian Corsair Captains
8 The Development of a Moroccan Merchant Colony (1767–1799)
8.1 Gradual Appearance of Moroccan Merchants in Spain (1767–1780)
8.2 Consolidation of a Moroccan Mercantile Colony (1780–1799)
8.3 The Spanish Administration and Incidents That Arose from the Presence of Muslim Merchants
8.4 Both Monarchies Seek to End the Abuses
8.5 Members of the Moroccan Merchant Colony
9 From a Moroccan Colony to a North African One
9.1 A Surge in Maghrebi Ships
9.2 The Spanish–Moroccan Treaty of Peace of 1799: Adjustment to a State of war
9.3 Spanish–Moroccan Cooperation to Prevent Smuggling
9.4 Continuity of the Moroccan Merchant Colony
9.5 Algerian, Tunisian, and Tripolitan Captains, Pursers, and Merchants
Epilogue The First Moroccan Agent on Spanish Soil (1798)
Conclusions
Bibliography
Index of Personal and Place Names
List of Illustrations and Tables
Abbreviations
Introduction
1 Historiography and the Muslim Presence in Spain in the Early Modern Age
1 Muslims in Europe, Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries
1.1 Muslims, a Minority among Slaves
1.2 Hundreds of Muslim Embassies
1.3 Merchants in Ports and Cities
1.4 Muslim Converts to Christianity
1.5 Exiles, Travelers, Soldiers, and Adventurers
2 The Spain That Enslaves and Expels: Moriscos and Muslim Captives (1492 to 1767–1791)
2.1emsp;The Moriscos between Islam and Christendom
2.2emsp;Muslims, a Minority among Slaves
3 Spain, Land of Refuge and Survival for Thousands of Muslims: Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries
3.1 Royal Exiles in the Sixteenth Century: Recover the Throne, or Convert?
3.2 Exile in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries: Saving One’s Life above All
4 Living in Freedom among the Infidels in Times of Conflict, 1492–1767
4.1 Maghrebi, Ottoman, and Persian Ambassadors
4.2 Free Muslims
4.3 More Merchants Than Expected
4.4 Muslims of Christ
4.5 (Limited) Freedom of Worship for Muslims
4.6 Diplomacy with the Maghreb in Castilian Spanish
5 Peace Treaties with Morocco, the Ottoman Empire, and the North African Regencies
5.1 Negotiations with Morocco: the Embassy of Al- Gazzal (1766) and the Treaty of Peace (1767)
5.2 Negotiations with the Ottoman Empire and the Regencies
5.3 A Surge in Spanish–Muslim Trade
5.4 The Treaty of Peace, the Gift Economy, Local Custom, and the Market
6 Problems in Applying the Treaties: Ambassadors and Envoys
6.1 Muslim Ambassadors at the Spanish Court
6.2 Muslim Ambassadors Who Passed through Spain
6.3 Muslim Envoys
7 Ship Captains and Sailors
7.1 Moroccan Captains
7.2 Algerian, Tripolitan, and Tunisian Corsair Captains
8 The Development of a Moroccan Merchant Colony (1767–1799)
8.1 Gradual Appearance of Moroccan Merchants in Spain (1767–1780)
8.2 Consolidation of a Moroccan Mercantile Colony (1780–1799)
8.3 The Spanish Administration and Incidents That Arose from the Presence of Muslim Merchants
8.4 Both Monarchies Seek to End the Abuses
8.5 Members of the Moroccan Merchant Colony
9 From a Moroccan Colony to a North African One
9.1 A Surge in Maghrebi Ships
9.2 The Spanish–Moroccan Treaty of Peace of 1799: Adjustment to a State of war
9.3 Spanish–Moroccan Cooperation to Prevent Smuggling
9.4 Continuity of the Moroccan Merchant Colony
9.5 Algerian, Tunisian, and Tripolitan Captains, Pursers, and Merchants
Epilogue The First Moroccan Agent on Spanish Soil (1798)
Conclusions
Bibliography
Index of Personal and Place Names
Of interest for the history of the political, diplomatic, economic, and cultural relations between Spain and Muslim countries of the Maghreb and Middle East in the Early Modern Age.