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The Matter of Piety
Zoutleeuw's Church of Saint Leonard and Religious Material Culture in the Low Countries (c. 1450-1620)
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The Matter of Piety provides the first in-depth study of Zoutleeuw’s exceptionally well-preserved pilgrimage church in a comparative perspective, and revaluates religious art and material culture in Netherlandish piety from the late Middle Ages through the crisis of iconoclasm and the Reformation to Catholic restoration. Analyzing the changing functions, outlooks, and meanings of devotional objects – monumental sacrament houses, cult statues and altarpieces, and small votive offerings or relics – Ruben Suykerbuyk revises dominant narratives about Catholic culture and patronage in the Low Countries. Rather than being a paralyzing force, the Reformation incited engaged counterinitiatives, and the vitality of late medieval devotion served as the fertile ground from which the Counter-Reformation organically grew under Protestant impulses.
Ruben Suykerbuyk, Ph. D. (2018), Ghent University, is postdoctoral researcher at the same institution. He is the author of several works on fifteenth- to seventeenth-century religious art, material culture, and patronage in the Low Countries.
"It is not only the extended timespan and the bottom-up perspective that lends this beautifully published book an ambitious scope. Its multidisciplinary approach, bridging the gap between history and art history, and the use of different types of sources – written, visual, and material – further adds to the far-reaching aims of this work."
Carolina Lenarduzzi (Leiden University) in Early Modern Low Countries 7 (2023)
"... to show that Suykerbuyk's carefully crafted publication, which is rich in material and findings, makes for stimulating reading."
Esther Meiser, (TU Köln/TU Dortmund) in Renaissance Quarterly 1 (2023)
Carolina Lenarduzzi (Leiden University) in Early Modern Low Countries 7 (2023)
"... to show that Suykerbuyk's carefully crafted publication, which is rich in material and findings, makes for stimulating reading."
Esther Meiser, (TU Köln/TU Dortmund) in Renaissance Quarterly 1 (2023)
Acknowledgements
List of Illustrations
Abbreviations
Note on Currencies
Introduction: The Matter of Piety in an Age of Religious Change
A Pulverized Image? Status quaestionis
Sources, Methodology and Set-up
1 The Cult of Saint Leonard at Zoutleeuw
Saint Leonard’s Altarpiece
Protohistory of the Cult
The Fortunes of Devotion: Offerings
The Promotion of Devotion
2 The Image of Piety at the Dawn of Iconoclasm
Old Sources, New Views: Miracles and Indulgences
The Cult Circuit in the Low Countries
A Spirited Devotional Culture Materialized
3 1520. The Waning of Medieval Piety?
Cornelis Floris’ Sacrament House
The Introduction of Protestant Thought
The 1520-Thesis
Continuities
4 Pilgrimage
The Public Debate on Images, Miracles and Pilgrims
The Cult of Saint Leonard at Zoutleeuw: Tradition and Innovation
Miracles and Cults, Old and New
Miracles as Anti-Protestant Statements
5 Parish Liturgy
The Eucharist
Musical Embellishment
6 Patronage
The Memorial Landscape in Zoutleeuw
Van Wilre’s Project
Countering the Reformation
Sacrament Houses as Objects of Defiance
7 1566: The Beeldenstorm and Its Aftermath
Destructions and Descriptions
The Wonderyear: Facts and Theories
Les villes bonnes
Zoutleeuw and the Hageland Region
8 The Resumption of Miracles
Paulus Gautier’s Miracle Memorial Painting
A New Era?
The Rise of Votive Paintings
A Culture of the Miraculous
Zoutleeuw, 1612
9 Devotional Negotiation with the Archducal Government
The Object of Devotion: Image versus Relic
The Gift
The Translation
Conclusion: The Thin Line Between Tradition and Transformation
Appendix 1: The Churchwarden Accounts of Zoutleeuw’s Church of Saint Leonard
Appendix 2: Graphs
Notes
Bibliography
Primary Sources
Published Sources
Literature
Online Databases
Index
List of Illustrations
Abbreviations
Note on Currencies
Introduction: The Matter of Piety in an Age of Religious Change
A Pulverized Image? Status quaestionis
Sources, Methodology and Set-up
Part 1: Late Medieval Piety in Perspective
1 The Cult of Saint Leonard at Zoutleeuw
Saint Leonard’s Altarpiece
Protohistory of the Cult
The Fortunes of Devotion: Offerings
The Promotion of Devotion
2 The Image of Piety at the Dawn of Iconoclasm
Old Sources, New Views: Miracles and Indulgences
The Cult Circuit in the Low Countries
A Spirited Devotional Culture Materialized
part 2: Catholic Piety in Iconoclastic Times
3 1520. The Waning of Medieval Piety?
Cornelis Floris’ Sacrament House
The Introduction of Protestant Thought
The 1520-Thesis
Continuities
4 Pilgrimage
The Public Debate on Images, Miracles and Pilgrims
The Cult of Saint Leonard at Zoutleeuw: Tradition and Innovation
Miracles and Cults, Old and New
Miracles as Anti-Protestant Statements
5 Parish Liturgy
The Eucharist
Musical Embellishment
6 Patronage
The Memorial Landscape in Zoutleeuw
Van Wilre’s Project
Countering the Reformation
Sacrament Houses as Objects of Defiance
7 1566: The Beeldenstorm and Its Aftermath
Destructions and Descriptions
The Wonderyear: Facts and Theories
Les villes bonnes
Zoutleeuw and the Hageland Region
Part 3: The Miraculous Counter-Reformation
8 The Resumption of Miracles
Paulus Gautier’s Miracle Memorial Painting
A New Era?
The Rise of Votive Paintings
A Culture of the Miraculous
Zoutleeuw, 1612
9 Devotional Negotiation with the Archducal Government
The Object of Devotion: Image versus Relic
The Gift
The Translation
Conclusion: The Thin Line Between Tradition and Transformation
Appendix 1: The Churchwarden Accounts of Zoutleeuw’s Church of Saint Leonard
Appendix 2: Graphs
Notes
Bibliography
Primary Sources
Published Sources
Literature
Online Databases
Index
All those interested in religious art, material culture, and patronage of the late medieval and early modern Low Countries, and anyone concerned with religious developments of the later Middle Ages, Reformation, and Counter-Reformation in Europe.