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Western Subanon Grammar
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Western Subanon Grammar is the first ever comprehensive description of Western Subanon, a highly endangered indigenous Austronesian minority language in the southern Philippines. Written by a native speaker and the result of intensive fieldwork, the book's 26 chapters cover the phonological, morpho-syntactic, and discourse properties of the language. Special attention is devoted to the salient grammatical features of Western Subanon, including symmetrical voice, relative clauses, ellipsis, and scope. The volume also makes available numerous examples online through Kaipuleohone, the digital linguistic archive of the University of Hawaii.
Sharon Bulalang, received her PhD in Linguistics (2020) from the University of Hawaii at Manoa. She received her Master’s of Arts in Education degree from the University of the Philippines Diliman (2012), and her Bachelor of Elementary Education from the Ateneo de Zamboanga University (2002). She is a native Western Subanon, and was a grade school teacher in her homeplace (Malayal, Zamboangae del Norte, the Philippines). Her publications appear in the Oceanic Linguistics, The Archive, Language Documentation and Conservation, and John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
List of Figures and Tables
Symbols and Abbreviations
1 Introduction
1.1 The Subanon Language
1.2 The Subanon Speakers
1.3 Research on Subanon and Language Development
1.4 Methodology
2 Sound System
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Phonemes
2.3 Phonotactics
2.4 Morphophonology
2.5 Spelling Rules
3 Open Word Classes
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Nouns
3.3 Verbs
3.4 Adjectives
3.5 Adjectival Verbs
4 Closed Word Classes
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Adverbs
4.3 Pronouns
4.4 Deictic Determiners
4.5 Generic Proform
4.6 Relativizer
4.7 Numerals
4.8 Quantifier
4.9 Classifiers
4.10 Case Markers
4.11 Conjunctions
4.12 Discourse Markers
4.13 Adverbials
4.14 Negator
4.15 Interjections
4.16 Interrogatives
4.17 Preposition
5 Numerals
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Cardinal Numerals
5.3 Derivative Numerals
6 Reduplication
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Types of Reduplication
6.3 Functions of Reduplication
6.4 Other Forms of Reduplication
7 Verbal Morphology
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Verbal Affixes
7.3 Intransitive Verbs
7.4 Transitive Verbs
8 Symmetrical Voice
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Properties of Symmetrical Voice
8.3 Voice and Temporality
8.4 The Syntactic Privileges of a PSA
8.5 Voice in Other Constructions
9 Negation in Mood, Modality, Aspect, and Speech-Time Proximity
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Negator and Mood
9.3 Negator and Modality
9.4 Negator and Aspect
9.5 Negator and Speech-Time Proximity
10 Number Agreement, Collective and Distributive Marking
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Number Agreement Affixes
10.3 Agreement in Verbal Clauses
10.4 Agreement in Other Types of Clauses
10.5 Collective and Distributive Marking on Verbs
11 Intransitive Clauses
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Stative Verbs
11.3 Active Verbs
11.4 Speech-Time-Proximity-Marked Verbs
11.5 Potentive Verbs
11.6 Other Intransitive Clauses
12 Transitive Clauses
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Semantic Classes of Transitive Verbs
12.3 Morphosyntactic Properties of Transitive Clauses
12.4 Distributive Marker and Pluralization in Transitive Clauses
13 Noun Phrases
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Noun Phrase
13.3 Pronoun NP
13.4 The Generic Proform dun
14 Adjectives
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Morphological Properties
14.3 Syntactic Properties
14.4 Semantic Classifications of Adjectives
15 Adjectival Verbs
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Distributional and Morphological Properties of Adjectival Verbs
15.3 Properties of Adjectival Verbs
15.4 Types of Adjectival Verbs
16 Clause Combining
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Coordinate Sentences
16.3 Subordinate Clauses
17 Serial Verb Constructions
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Defining Serial Verb Constructions
17.3 Syntactic Properties of Serial Verb Constructions
17.4 Semantic Types of Serial Verb Constructions
17.5 Grammaticalization of a Verb in an SVC
17.6 Semantic Classes of Verbs in Serial Verb Constructions
18 Interrogatives
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Wh Questions
18.3 Yes/No Questions
18.4 Serial Verb Questions
19 Imperatives and Volitive Subjunctives
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Imperatives
19.3 Volitive Subjunctives
20 Ellipsis
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Ellipsis in Coordinated Constructions
20.3 Ellipsis in Non-coordinated Clauses
20.4 Ellipsis in Fragment Answer
21 Scope
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Universal Quantifier (UQ) and Numeral Quantifier (NQ)
21.3 Variable Binding: Quantifier and a Pronoun
21.4 Negation and a Quantifier
22 Verbless Clauses
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Structure of a Verbless Clause
22.3 Types of Verbless Clauses
22.4 Properties of Verbless Clauses
23 Discourse Markers in Major Spoken Discourse Types
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Classifications of Discourse Markers
23.3 Conversational Discourse Markers
23.4 Narrative
23.5 Instructions
23.6 Advice
24 Discourse Markers in Specific Speech Acts
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Teaching, Jokes, and Teasing
24.3 Demands and Requests, Compliments, and Complaints
24.4 Scolding, Insults, Retorts, and Rebuffs
25 Metaphors, Idioms, and Euphemisms
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Metaphor
25.3 Idioms
25.4 Euphemism
26 Ungodly Words
26.1 Introduction
26.2 Anger Words
26.3 Profane Utterances
26.4 Curse Words
References
Index
Preface
Acknowledgments
List of Figures and Tables
Symbols and Abbreviations
1 Introduction
1.1 The Subanon Language
1.2 The Subanon Speakers
1.3 Research on Subanon and Language Development
1.4 Methodology
2 Sound System
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Phonemes
2.3 Phonotactics
2.4 Morphophonology
2.5 Spelling Rules
3 Open Word Classes
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Nouns
3.3 Verbs
3.4 Adjectives
3.5 Adjectival Verbs
4 Closed Word Classes
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Adverbs
4.3 Pronouns
4.4 Deictic Determiners
4.5 Generic Proform
4.6 Relativizer
4.7 Numerals
4.8 Quantifier
4.9 Classifiers
4.10 Case Markers
4.11 Conjunctions
4.12 Discourse Markers
4.13 Adverbials
4.14 Negator
4.15 Interjections
4.16 Interrogatives
4.17 Preposition
5 Numerals
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Cardinal Numerals
5.3 Derivative Numerals
6 Reduplication
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Types of Reduplication
6.3 Functions of Reduplication
6.4 Other Forms of Reduplication
7 Verbal Morphology
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Verbal Affixes
7.3 Intransitive Verbs
7.4 Transitive Verbs
8 Symmetrical Voice
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Properties of Symmetrical Voice
8.3 Voice and Temporality
8.4 The Syntactic Privileges of a PSA
8.5 Voice in Other Constructions
9 Negation in Mood, Modality, Aspect, and Speech-Time Proximity
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Negator and Mood
9.3 Negator and Modality
9.4 Negator and Aspect
9.5 Negator and Speech-Time Proximity
10 Number Agreement, Collective and Distributive Marking
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Number Agreement Affixes
10.3 Agreement in Verbal Clauses
10.4 Agreement in Other Types of Clauses
10.5 Collective and Distributive Marking on Verbs
11 Intransitive Clauses
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Stative Verbs
11.3 Active Verbs
11.4 Speech-Time-Proximity-Marked Verbs
11.5 Potentive Verbs
11.6 Other Intransitive Clauses
12 Transitive Clauses
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Semantic Classes of Transitive Verbs
12.3 Morphosyntactic Properties of Transitive Clauses
12.4 Distributive Marker and Pluralization in Transitive Clauses
13 Noun Phrases
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Noun Phrase
13.3 Pronoun NP
13.4 The Generic Proform dun
14 Adjectives
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Morphological Properties
14.3 Syntactic Properties
14.4 Semantic Classifications of Adjectives
15 Adjectival Verbs
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Distributional and Morphological Properties of Adjectival Verbs
15.3 Properties of Adjectival Verbs
15.4 Types of Adjectival Verbs
16 Clause Combining
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Coordinate Sentences
16.3 Subordinate Clauses
17 Serial Verb Constructions
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Defining Serial Verb Constructions
17.3 Syntactic Properties of Serial Verb Constructions
17.4 Semantic Types of Serial Verb Constructions
17.5 Grammaticalization of a Verb in an SVC
17.6 Semantic Classes of Verbs in Serial Verb Constructions
18 Interrogatives
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Wh Questions
18.3 Yes/No Questions
18.4 Serial Verb Questions
19 Imperatives and Volitive Subjunctives
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Imperatives
19.3 Volitive Subjunctives
20 Ellipsis
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Ellipsis in Coordinated Constructions
20.3 Ellipsis in Non-coordinated Clauses
20.4 Ellipsis in Fragment Answer
21 Scope
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Universal Quantifier (UQ) and Numeral Quantifier (NQ)
21.3 Variable Binding: Quantifier and a Pronoun
21.4 Negation and a Quantifier
22 Verbless Clauses
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Structure of a Verbless Clause
22.3 Types of Verbless Clauses
22.4 Properties of Verbless Clauses
23 Discourse Markers in Major Spoken Discourse Types
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Classifications of Discourse Markers
23.3 Conversational Discourse Markers
23.4 Narrative
23.5 Instructions
23.6 Advice
24 Discourse Markers in Specific Speech Acts
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Teaching, Jokes, and Teasing
24.3 Demands and Requests, Compliments, and Complaints
24.4 Scolding, Insults, Retorts, and Rebuffs
25 Metaphors, Idioms, and Euphemisms
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Metaphor
25.3 Idioms
25.4 Euphemism
26 Ungodly Words
26.1 Introduction
26.2 Anger Words
26.3 Profane Utterances
26.4 Curse Words
References
Index
The book is useful to linguists, language typologists, language researchers, and anyone who is interested in doing grammatical description. It is also useful to the Subanon teachers, curriculum designers, and Subanon speakers.