Index

heavy fuel oil

–

–

high seas

Hudson Bay

hydrocarbons. see offshore oil and gas

icebreakers

–

–

–

–

National Shipbuilding Strategy (Canada)

–

–

icebreaking

–

–

–

–

Arctic shipping

;

navigation

ice navigation and piloting

–

illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing

140

250

–

253

impact assessment

activities associated with Arctic shipping

–

–

–

–

–

assessment processes

–

designated projects

–

–

planning phase

–

federal projects

–

–

regional

–

regional environmental

–

strategic

–

strategic environmental

396

–

398

environmental impacts

–

–

environmental/climate obligations

400

406

gender-based analysis plus

399

–

400

406

regulatory regimes

international

national

–

–

–

–

other regimes

–

Nunavut

–

–

–

–

Mary River/Baffinland Iron Mine

–

–

–

–

–

sustainability contribution

marine environmental protection

incident data analysis. see search and rescue

Indigenous peoples

and climate change

–

capacity-building

–

–

–

–

–

–

governance (federal)

case law

–

–

domestic law

–

constitutional rights

–

–

duty to consult/accommodate

–

–

impact assessments

–

–

Indigenous Guardians Program

133

186

194

Inuit Nunangat Policy

–

land claims and self-government

–

–

–

international human rights law

–

–

–

–

–

free, prior and informed consent

–

–

right to consultation

–

duty to consult

–

right to culture/traditional activities

–

right to ownership and possession of traditional territories

–

–

marine spaces

–

right to self-determination

–

right to self-government

411

416

437

participation in Arctic regional governance

–

participation in Arctic shipping governance

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

marine living resources management

–

–

reconciliation

–

–

decolonization

–

National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls

101

108

–

110

Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples

–

Truth and Reconciliation Commission

103

sea ice and land conceptions/use

–

–

–

Inuit

;

traditional knowledge

innocent passage

248

261

263

Inter-American Court of Human Rights

internal waters

–

International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships’ Ballast Water and Sediments

233

International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL)

–

heavy fuel oil

–

shipping emissions

–

North American Emission Control Area

–

International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS)

223

291

Chapter XIV (Safety Measures for Ships Operating in Polar Waters)

114

–

115

312

International Convention on Salvage

International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW)

–

–

International Convention on the Control of Harmful Anti-fouling Systems

International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (CERD)

International Court of Justice (ICJ)

2004 Advisory Opinion

413

Alleged Violations of Sovereign Rights

251

Anglo-Norwegian Fisheries

219

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

–

–

Human Rights Committee

–

Ángela Poma Poma

–

Apirana Mahuika

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

international human rights law

–

–

–

–

–

International Labour Organization

–

Convention

–

–

–

international law

customary

–

generally accepted international rules and standards (GAIRS)

–

territorial scope

–

International Law Association, Committee on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples

412

415

International Maritime Organization

–

–

and Indigenous peoples

–

–

Inuit Circumpolar Council

–

–

consultative status

–

emissions control

–

energy efficiency

goal-based standards

–

Guidelines for Consultative Status

319

–

320

321

Guidelines for the Reduction of Underwater Noise

–

234

424

Guidelines for Voyage Planning

117

Guidelines on Passenger Ships in Remote Areas

117

heavy fuel oil regulation

321

420

International Ship and Port Facility Security Code

277

313

Polar Code

International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGS)

256

–

257

international straits. see straits used for international navigation

International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea

M/V Norstar

–

M/V ‘Saiga’ (No 2)

M/V ‘Virginia G’

SRFC Advisory Opinion

–

Inuit

–

and search and rescue operations

203

209

–

210

community-based operations

–

–

conceptualization/worldview

–

–

culturally significant marine areas

–

–

economic development

–

–

–

Hunters and Trappers Organizations

international participation

–

–

–

Inuit-Crown relationship

–

–

–

–

–

decolonization

duty to consult (and accommodate)

–

–

High Arctic relocations

105

–

108

110

Inuit-Crown Partnership Committee

119

Inuit Marine Monitoring Program (IMMP)

131

133

194

Inuit Nunangat Policy

–

residential schools

–

tuberculosis epidemic

108

–

110

Inuit Guardians and Marine Monitors

194

Inuit Impact and Benefit Agreement

349

–

350

Regional Inuit Organizations

330

335

349

shipping governance participation

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Indigenous peoples

;

Nunavut

;

traditional knowledge

Inuit Circumpolar Council (ICC)

–

–

–

Pikialasorsuaq Commission

Inuit Nunaat

Inuit Nunangat

–

–

Arctic Corridors and Northern Voices project

364

–

374

culturally significant marine areas

–

–

community public safety officer

208

–

209

Inuit Nunangat Policy

–

marine rescue operations planning and training

204

–

210

Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami

–

128

–

129

451

Inuvialuit Settlement Region

–

–

–

Inuvialuit Environmental Impact Board

390

–

391

Inuvialuit Final Agreement

388

–

391

426

Inuvialuit Regional Corporation

119n117

344

396

invasive species

–

–

knowledge

–

–

–

and risk management

–

traditional knowledge

large offshore management areas

287

–

288

454

liability and compensation

civil (environmental damage)

272

275

–

276

transportation of goods and passengers

–

280

worker compensation

low-impact shipping corridors

–

–

–

–

–

implementation management strategies

–

Inuit participation

–

–

Arctic Corridors and Northern Voices project

364

–

374

403

Northern Low-Impact Shipping Corridors Initiative (formerly NMTC)

–

Arctic shipping

;

area-based management measures

;

Canada, shipping (Arctic)

;

navigation

marine insurance

–

marine mammals

and underwater noise

–

–

harvesting (Inuit)

vessel strikes

–

narwhals

;

polar bears

;

walrus

;

whales

marine environmental protection

–

272

380

–

381

regulatory measures

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

vessel-source pollution

–

–

–

impact assessment

;

oil spills

marine protected areas

–

culturally significant marine areas

–

–

National Marine Conservation Areas

Tallurutiup Imanga Inuit Impact and Benefit Agreement

349

–

350

Tuvaijuittuq MPA

236

area-based management measures

marine terminals. see ports and harbours

Maritime Labour Convention 2006

277

–

maritime occupational health and safety. see occupational health and safety

maritime safety

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

navigation

;

ship design and construction

maritime search and rescue activities. see search and rescue

maritime security

–

–

–

–

–

–

Marine Security Operation Centres

–

monitoring (vessels)

–

narwhals

marine mammals

navigation

accidents/groundings

–

–

–

and climate change

–

and Indigenous peoples

and land use plans

legal regimes

–

–

–

–

–

freedom of navigation

–

–

safety

–

–

–

–

–

ice navigators

–

NAVWARNS (Canadian Coast Guard)

135n27

icebreaking

;

low-impact shipping corridors

;

maritime safety

;

shipping

nitrogen oxides (NO_x). see shipping emissions

non-governmental organizations

–

–

–

–

North American Aerospace Defense Command

140

–

141

148

North American Emission Control Area

–

North Atlantic Fisheries Organization

438

–

439

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

North-East Atlantic Fisheries Commission

–

Northern Sea Route

–

–

transshipment hubs

–

Arctic shipping

;

Russian Federation

Northwest Passage

–

–

–

–

historic commercial use

–

legal status

–

–

Polar Sea transit

–

resource (land-based) development support

–

SS Manhattan transit

–

–

–

strategic role

–

transshipment hubs

–

Arctic shipping

;

Canada (Arctic)

;

Canada, shipping (Arctic)

Northwest Territories

Norway

–

–

Nunatsiavut

–

–

Nunavik

–

Nunavut

–

–

–

–

impact assessment

–

–

Nunavut Impact Review Board

–

–

–

–

Kitikmeot SAR Project

–

–

land-use planning regime

–

North Baffin Land Use Plan

432

–

433

Nunavut Land Use Plan

–

Nunavut Planning Commission

–

marine living resources management

Nunavut Agreement (Land Claims)

–

Nunavut Emergency Management

–

Nunavut Marine Council

430

–

431

Nunavut Planning and Project Assessment Act

–

–

Inuit

Nunavut Settlement Area

–

‘marine areas’

–

Outer Land Fast Ice Zone

Nunavut Tunngavik

Inuit Marine Monitoring Program

131

occupational health and safety

–

–

seafarers

offshore oil and gas

–

–

oil spills

–

380

–

381

preparedness and response capacity

–

marine environmental protection

participatory approach. see Indigenous peoples, participation in shipping governance ; see Inuit, participation in shipping governance

passenger vessels

–

–

–

–

governance framework

–

–

–

management framework

–

–

alternative service delivery agency

–

–

Guidelines for Passenger Vessels Operating in the Canadian Arctic

–

–

permit system

–

–

Arctic shipping

;

cruise ships

;

tourism

Permanent Court of Arbitration:

Arctic Sunrise

Coastal State Rights

Enrica Lexie

–

–

South China Sea Arbitration

–

–

pilotage

pleasure craft. see recreational vessels

polar bears

336

marine mammals

Polar Class rating

Polar Code

–

–

and coastal State jurisdiction

–

and goal-based standards

316

–

317

and Indigenous peoples

–

–

alien species

domestic implementation

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

flag State jurisdiction/responsibilities

–

–

–

non-SOLAS vessels

Polar Operational Limit Assessment Risk Indexing System (POLARIS)

284

Polar Ship Certificate

138

284

pollution prevention measures

safety measures

–

Polar Waters Operations Manual

145

234

seafaring standards and certifications

284

–

285

International Maritime Organization

port State control

ports and harbours

–

marine terminals

–

transshipment hubs

–

443

precautionary approach

455

public health

–

Qikiqtani Inuit Association

recreational vessels

–

–

tourism

risk management

–

–

Russian Federation

–

–

icebreakers

–

Northern Sea Route

salvage operations

sea ice

and ambient noise

and anthropogenic noise

and Article

–

and climate change

–

–

–

–

–

and heavy fuel oil

and icebreaking

235

–

236

381n25

and Indigenous peoples

conceptualization and contextualization

–

traditional uses and practices

–

–

seafarers

–

–

occupational health and safety

search and rescue

–

incident analysis

–

–

incident statistics

preparedness and response planning

–

–

–

–

–

Joint Rescue Coordination Centres

–

–

–

mass rescue operations

183

–

190

community-based operations

–

–

definition

Kitikmeot SAR Project

–

scenario case study

–

–

search and rescue regions

–

–

voyage planning

–

–

ship design and construction

–

goal-based standards

–

–

ice-class

maritime safety

ship routeing measures

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

shipping

environmental impacts

–

–

–

atmospheric emissions

232

heavy fuel oil

–

116

icebreaking

235

–

236

introduction of invasive species

–

–

marine mammal strikes

–

noise

–

–

oil spills

–

–

governance

–

decision support systems

–

–

–

–

–

–

enforcement

–

–

–

–

–

–

information and communications technology

Indigenous peoples participation

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

international legal regime

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Polar Code implementation

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

land use plans

nature (forms) of regulation

–

–

deregulation

–

goal-based standards

–

meta-regulation (modified self-regulation)

–

–

prescriptive (command and control)

–

–

‘regulator capture’

–

–

self-regulation

–

tripartism

–

transparency/accountability

–

Arctic shipping

;

flag State

;

navigation

shipping emissions

445

emission control areas

–

emissions

black carbon

232

nitrogen oxides (NO_x)

particulate matter (PM)

sulphur oxides (SO_x)

international regulatory regime

232

national regulatory regime

sovereign rights

–

sovereignty

–

–

–

–

SS Manhattan

–

–

–

St. Lawrence Seaway Authority

straits used for international navigation

–

–

sulphur oxides (SO_x). see shipping emissions

Supreme Court of Canada

–

sustainable development

–

–

–

Sweden

territorial sea

–

–

–

tourism

–

–

–

–

adventure

cruise ships

;

passenger vessels

;

recreational vessels

traditional knowledge

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Indigenous peoples

;

Inuit

;

knowledge

transit passage

225

transparency/accountability

–

transportation of goods and passengers

–

280

underwater noise. see Arctic , see ambient noise ; see anthropogenic noise ; see shipping , see environmental impacts , see noise

United Kingdom

149

176

–

177

United Nations Charter

409

413n39

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea

Article

–

and coastal State jurisdiction

–

–

–

and Indigenous peoples

and Polar Code

geographical scope

–

–

‘ice-cover’

–

material scope

–

–

duty of due regard

environmental impact assessment

254

exclusive economic zone

flag State

–

–

–

–

marine environmental protection

–

–

marine living resources

–

pollution control

–

territorial sea

United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

national implementation

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Paris Agreement

276

United Nations Human Rights Council

425

United Nations Sustainable Development Goals

United States

–

–

Arctic continental security

–

–

–

Polar Sea transit

–

SS Manhattan voyage

–

–

–

vessel traffic services/information systems

–

–

MCTS (Canadian Coast Guard)

automatic identification system

Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties

–

–

walrus

marine mammals

whales

harvesting (Inuit)

whaling (commercial)

–

105

marine mammals

wrecks