Chapter 4. Carbon stock in planted woodlots at Kongowe, Kibaha, Tanzania

In: Sustainable agroecosystems in climate change mitigation
Authors:
A.A. Kimaro
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K.D. Novak
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R.S. Shemdoe
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S.A.O. Chamshama
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Type:
Chapter
Pages:
67–84
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-788-2_4
Open Access

Forest degradation due to extraction of wood for fuelwood and charcoal production or agricultural expansion is one of the main sources of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in Africa. Woodlots can offset CO2 emissions while sustainably meeting the wood demand of local communities. However, the amount and dynamics of carbon (C) stored in soils in coastal area woodlots and the contribution of this practice to climate change mitigation is largely unexplored. This study evaluated wood biomass and C stocks in woodlots, forest reserves and farmland with Acacia crassicarpa Benth., Acacia mangium Wild., and Acacia auriculiformis Benth. to determine their ability to sequester soil C and offsetting CO2 emissions. Woodlots of fast-growing Acacia spp. produced wood (30 to 62 Mg C/ha), which may meet the household fuelwood demand for up to 10 to 20 years and offset up to 31 Mg C/ha of C emissions. Moreover, these species stored soil organic carbon (SOC) (58 Mg C/ha), which was similar to levels in the native forests; demonstrating climate change mitigation capacity. The effects of tree species on SOC was confined to the top 40 cm with native forest consistently recording the highest values. This improvement was attributed to litter and root turnover, C leaching and mixing of SOC by microorganisms, and increased recalcitrant form of SOC with depth. Because of the sandy soil texture in the study site, most of SOC stocks (up to 70% in the bulk soil and 50% in fractionated soils) were in the labile fractions and prone to degradation. Of the tested woodlot species, A. auriculiformis showed the highest promise to produce wood and improve SOC because of higher survival. Our results showed that woodlots systems utilizing the fast growing tree species hold high promise to mitigate atmospheric CO2 increase through on-farm wood supply to alleviate harvesting pressure and accumulation of SOC in the soil.

  • Biran, A., Abbot, J. and Mace, R., 2004. Families and firewood: a comparative analysis of the costs and benefits of children in firewood collection and use in two rural communities in Sub-Saharan Africa. Human Ecology 32: 1-25.

  • Brady, N.C. and Weil, R.R., 2004. Elements of the nature and properties of soils. Person Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA.

  • Carter, M.R. and Gregorich, E.G. (eds.), 2008. Soil sampling and methods of analysis. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA.

  • Detwiler, R.P., 1986. Land use change and the global carbon cycle: the role of tropical soil. Biogeochemistry 2: 67-93.

  • Doran, J.C., Turnbull, J.W., Martensz, P.N., Thomson, L.A.J. and Hall, N., 1997. Introduction to the species’digests. In: Doran, J.C. and Turnbull, J.W. (eds.) Australian trees and shrubs: species for land rehabilitation and farm planting in the tropics. ACIAR Monograph 24. ACIAR, Bruce, Australia, pp. 89-384

  • Funder, M., 2009. Reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD): an overview of risks and opportunities for the poor. DIIS Report 2009:21. Danish Institute for International Studies, Copenhagen, Denmark.

  • Guo, L.B. and Gifford, R.M., 2002. Soil carbon stocks and land use change: a meta analysis. Global Change Biology 8: 345-360.

  • Hammarstrand, L. and Särnberger, A., 2013. Comparative evaluation of two forest systems under different management regimes in Miombo woodlands: a case study in Kitulangalo area, Tanzania. MSc Thesis. Industrial Ecology Report No. 2013: 4. Department of Energy and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.

  • Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2000. Land use, land-use change, and forestry. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.

  • Isaac, M.E., Gordon, A.M., Thevathasan, N., Oppong, S.K. and Quashie-Sam, J., 2005. Temporal changes in soil carbon and nitrogen in west African multistrata agroforestry systems: a chronosequence of pools and fluxes. Agroforestry Systems 65: 23-31.

  • Jobbagy, E.G. and Jackson, R.B., 2000. The vertical distribution of soil organic carbon and its relation to climate and vegetation. Ecological Applications 10: 423-436.

  • Kaonga, M. and Bayliss-Smith, T.P., 2009. Carbon pools in tree biomass and the soil in improved fallows in eastern Zambia. Agroforestry Systems 76: 37-51.

  • Karachi, M., Shirima, D. and Lemma, N., 1997. Evaluation of 15 tree leguminous tree and shrubs for forage and wood production in Tanzania. Agroforestry Systems 37: 253-263.

  • Kimaro, A.A., Timmer, V.R., Chamshama, S.A.O., Mugasha, A.G. and Kimaro, D.A., 2008. Differential response to tree fallows in rotational woodlot systems in semi-arid Tanzania: post-fallow maize yield, nutrient uptake, and soil nutrients. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 125: 73-83.

  • Kimaro, A.A., Isaac, M.E. and Chamshama, S.O.A., 2011. Carbon pools in tree biomass and soils under rotational woodlot systems in Eastern Tanzania. In: Kumar, B.M. and Nair, P.K.R (eds.) Carbon sequestration potential of agroforestry systems: opportunities and challenges. Advances in Agroforestry 8: 129-143.

  • Kimaro, A.A., Timmer V.R., Mugasha, A.G., Chamshama, S.A.O. and Kimaro, D.A., 2007. Nutrient use efficiency and biomass production of tree species for rotational woodlot systems in semi-arid Morogoro, Tanzania. Agroforestry Systems 71: 175-184.

  • Kindo, A.I, Mndolwa, M.A, Edward, E. and Chamshama, S.A.O., 2010. Performance of four-year-old Australian and Papua New Guinean Acacia species/provenances at Kongowe, Kibaha, Tanzania. Southern Forests 72: 13-22.

  • Kwesiga, F., Akinnifesi, F.K., Mafongoya, P.L., Mcdermott, M.H. and Agumya, A., 2003. Agroforestry research and development in southern Africa during the 1990s: review and challenges ahead. Agroforestry Systems 59: 173-186.

  • Minang, P.A., Bernard, F., Van Noordwijk, M. and Kahurani, E., 2011. Agroforestry in REDD+: opportunities and challenges. ASB Policy Brief 26. ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins, Nairobi, Kenya.

  • Mountinho, P., Santillli, M., Schwartzman, S. and Rodriguues, L., 2005. Why ignore tropical deforestation? A proposal for including forests conservation in the Kyoto Protocol. Unasylva 56: 27-30.

  • Nair, P.K.R., Nair, V.D., Kumar, B. and Haile, S., 2009. Soil carbon sequestration in tropical agroforestry systems: a feasibility appraisal. Environmental Science and Policy 12: 1099-1111.

  • Negra, C. and Ashton, R., 2009. Roadmap for terrestrial carbon science: research needs for carbon management in agricultural, forestry and other land uses. The Terrestrial Carbon Group Project. Available at: http://www.terrestrialcarbon.org/Terrestrial_Carbon_Group__soil_%26_vegetation_ in_climate_solution/Policy_Briefs_files/TCG%20Policy%20Brief%207%20Roadmap%20for%20 Terrestrial%20Carbon%20Science.pdf.

  • Nyadzi, G.I., Otsyina, R.M., Banzi, F.M., Bakengesa, S.S., Gama, B.M., Mbwambo, L. and Asenga, D., 2003. Rotational woodlot technology in northwestern Tanzania: tree species and crop performance. Agroforestry Systems 59: 253-263.

  • Oelbermann, M., Voroney, R.P. and Gordon, A.M., 2004. Carbon sequestration in tropical and temperate agroforestry systems: a review with examples from Costa Rica and southern Canada. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 104: 359-377.

  • Ramadhani, T., Otsyina, R. and Franzel, S., 2002. Improving household income and reducing deforestation using rotational woodlots in Tabora district, Tanzania. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 89: 229-239.

  • Saha, S., Nair, P.K.R., Nair, V.D. and Kumar, B.M., 2010. Carbon storage in relation to soil sized-fractions under tropical tree-based land-use systems. Plant and Soil 328: 433-446.

  • Scherr, S.J., Shames, S. and Friedman, R., 2012. From climate-smart agriculture to climate-smart landscapes. Agriculture and Food Security 1: 12. Available at http://www.ecoagriculture.org/ publication_details.php?publicationID=442.

  • Sileshi, G., Akinnifesi, F.K., Ajayi, O.C., Chakeredza, S., Kaonga, M. and Matakala, P.W., 2007. Contribution of agroforestry to ecosystem services in the Miombo eco-region of eastern and southern Africa. African Journal of Environment, Science and Technology 4: 68-80.

  • Solomon, D., Lehmann, J. and Zech, W., 2000. Land use effects on soil organic matter properties of chromic luvisols in semi-arid northern Tanzania: carbon, nitrogen, lignin and carbohydrates. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 78: 203-213.

  • Sutter, C. and Parreño, J.C., 2007. Does the current Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) deliver its sustainable development claim? An analysis of officially registered CDM projects. Climate Change 84: 75-90.

  • Takimoto, A., Nair, P.K.R. and Nair, V.D., 2008. Carbon stock and sequestration potential of traditional and improved agroforestry systems in the West African Sahel. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 125: 159-166.

  • Tonucci, R.G., Nair, P.K.R., Nair. V.D., Garcia, R. and Bernardino, F.S., 2011. Soil carbon storage in silvapasture and related land use systems in the Brazilian Cerrado. Journal of Environmental Quality 40: 833-841.

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Cover Sustainable agroecosystems in climate change mitigation
E-Book ISBN:
9789086867882
Publisher:
Wageningen Academic
Print Publication Date:
08 Apr 2014
Section 1. Opportunities for carbon sequestration in agroecosystems
Section 2. Greenhouse gas emissions from agroecosystems
Section 3. Nutrient dynamics and microbe interactions
Section 4. New tools: analytical methods and modeling

  • Biran, A., Abbot, J. and Mace, R., 2004. Families and firewood: a comparative analysis of the costs and benefits of children in firewood collection and use in two rural communities in Sub-Saharan Africa. Human Ecology 32: 1-25.

  • Brady, N.C. and Weil, R.R., 2004. Elements of the nature and properties of soils. Person Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA.

  • Carter, M.R. and Gregorich, E.G. (eds.), 2008. Soil sampling and methods of analysis. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA.

  • Detwiler, R.P., 1986. Land use change and the global carbon cycle: the role of tropical soil. Biogeochemistry 2: 67-93.

  • Doran, J.C., Turnbull, J.W., Martensz, P.N., Thomson, L.A.J. and Hall, N., 1997. Introduction to the species’digests. In: Doran, J.C. and Turnbull, J.W. (eds.) Australian trees and shrubs: species for land rehabilitation and farm planting in the tropics. ACIAR Monograph 24. ACIAR, Bruce, Australia, pp. 89-384

  • Funder, M., 2009. Reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD): an overview of risks and opportunities for the poor. DIIS Report 2009:21. Danish Institute for International Studies, Copenhagen, Denmark.

  • Guo, L.B. and Gifford, R.M., 2002. Soil carbon stocks and land use change: a meta analysis. Global Change Biology 8: 345-360.

  • Hammarstrand, L. and Särnberger, A., 2013. Comparative evaluation of two forest systems under different management regimes in Miombo woodlands: a case study in Kitulangalo area, Tanzania. MSc Thesis. Industrial Ecology Report No. 2013: 4. Department of Energy and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.

  • Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2000. Land use, land-use change, and forestry. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.

  • Isaac, M.E., Gordon, A.M., Thevathasan, N., Oppong, S.K. and Quashie-Sam, J., 2005. Temporal changes in soil carbon and nitrogen in west African multistrata agroforestry systems: a chronosequence of pools and fluxes. Agroforestry Systems 65: 23-31.

  • Jobbagy, E.G. and Jackson, R.B., 2000. The vertical distribution of soil organic carbon and its relation to climate and vegetation. Ecological Applications 10: 423-436.

  • Kaonga, M. and Bayliss-Smith, T.P., 2009. Carbon pools in tree biomass and the soil in improved fallows in eastern Zambia. Agroforestry Systems 76: 37-51.

  • Karachi, M., Shirima, D. and Lemma, N., 1997. Evaluation of 15 tree leguminous tree and shrubs for forage and wood production in Tanzania. Agroforestry Systems 37: 253-263.

  • Kimaro, A.A., Timmer, V.R., Chamshama, S.A.O., Mugasha, A.G. and Kimaro, D.A., 2008. Differential response to tree fallows in rotational woodlot systems in semi-arid Tanzania: post-fallow maize yield, nutrient uptake, and soil nutrients. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 125: 73-83.

  • Kimaro, A.A., Isaac, M.E. and Chamshama, S.O.A., 2011. Carbon pools in tree biomass and soils under rotational woodlot systems in Eastern Tanzania. In: Kumar, B.M. and Nair, P.K.R (eds.) Carbon sequestration potential of agroforestry systems: opportunities and challenges. Advances in Agroforestry 8: 129-143.

  • Kimaro, A.A., Timmer V.R., Mugasha, A.G., Chamshama, S.A.O. and Kimaro, D.A., 2007. Nutrient use efficiency and biomass production of tree species for rotational woodlot systems in semi-arid Morogoro, Tanzania. Agroforestry Systems 71: 175-184.

  • Kindo, A.I, Mndolwa, M.A, Edward, E. and Chamshama, S.A.O., 2010. Performance of four-year-old Australian and Papua New Guinean Acacia species/provenances at Kongowe, Kibaha, Tanzania. Southern Forests 72: 13-22.

  • Kwesiga, F., Akinnifesi, F.K., Mafongoya, P.L., Mcdermott, M.H. and Agumya, A., 2003. Agroforestry research and development in southern Africa during the 1990s: review and challenges ahead. Agroforestry Systems 59: 173-186.

  • Minang, P.A., Bernard, F., Van Noordwijk, M. and Kahurani, E., 2011. Agroforestry in REDD+: opportunities and challenges. ASB Policy Brief 26. ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins, Nairobi, Kenya.

  • Mountinho, P., Santillli, M., Schwartzman, S. and Rodriguues, L., 2005. Why ignore tropical deforestation? A proposal for including forests conservation in the Kyoto Protocol. Unasylva 56: 27-30.

  • Nair, P.K.R., Nair, V.D., Kumar, B. and Haile, S., 2009. Soil carbon sequestration in tropical agroforestry systems: a feasibility appraisal. Environmental Science and Policy 12: 1099-1111.

  • Negra, C. and Ashton, R., 2009. Roadmap for terrestrial carbon science: research needs for carbon management in agricultural, forestry and other land uses. The Terrestrial Carbon Group Project. Available at: http://www.terrestrialcarbon.org/Terrestrial_Carbon_Group__soil_%26_vegetation_ in_climate_solution/Policy_Briefs_files/TCG%20Policy%20Brief%207%20Roadmap%20for%20 Terrestrial%20Carbon%20Science.pdf.

  • Nyadzi, G.I., Otsyina, R.M., Banzi, F.M., Bakengesa, S.S., Gama, B.M., Mbwambo, L. and Asenga, D., 2003. Rotational woodlot technology in northwestern Tanzania: tree species and crop performance. Agroforestry Systems 59: 253-263.

  • Oelbermann, M., Voroney, R.P. and Gordon, A.M., 2004. Carbon sequestration in tropical and temperate agroforestry systems: a review with examples from Costa Rica and southern Canada. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 104: 359-377.

  • Ramadhani, T., Otsyina, R. and Franzel, S., 2002. Improving household income and reducing deforestation using rotational woodlots in Tabora district, Tanzania. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 89: 229-239.

  • Saha, S., Nair, P.K.R., Nair, V.D. and Kumar, B.M., 2010. Carbon storage in relation to soil sized-fractions under tropical tree-based land-use systems. Plant and Soil 328: 433-446.

  • Scherr, S.J., Shames, S. and Friedman, R., 2012. From climate-smart agriculture to climate-smart landscapes. Agriculture and Food Security 1: 12. Available at http://www.ecoagriculture.org/ publication_details.php?publicationID=442.

  • Sileshi, G., Akinnifesi, F.K., Ajayi, O.C., Chakeredza, S., Kaonga, M. and Matakala, P.W., 2007. Contribution of agroforestry to ecosystem services in the Miombo eco-region of eastern and southern Africa. African Journal of Environment, Science and Technology 4: 68-80.

  • Solomon, D., Lehmann, J. and Zech, W., 2000. Land use effects on soil organic matter properties of chromic luvisols in semi-arid northern Tanzania: carbon, nitrogen, lignin and carbohydrates. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 78: 203-213.

  • Sutter, C. and Parreño, J.C., 2007. Does the current Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) deliver its sustainable development claim? An analysis of officially registered CDM projects. Climate Change 84: 75-90.

  • Takimoto, A., Nair, P.K.R. and Nair, V.D., 2008. Carbon stock and sequestration potential of traditional and improved agroforestry systems in the West African Sahel. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 125: 159-166.

  • Tonucci, R.G., Nair, P.K.R., Nair. V.D., Garcia, R. and Bernardino, F.S., 2011. Soil carbon storage in silvapasture and related land use systems in the Brazilian Cerrado. Journal of Environmental Quality 40: 833-841.

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