2. African swine fever virus: cellular and molecular aspects

In: Understanding and combatting African Swine Fever
Authors:
A. Urbano Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal.

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J.H. Forth Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald, Germany.

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A.S. Olesen Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 15, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.

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L. Dixon The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey, GU24 0NF, United Kingdom.

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T.B. Rasmussen Department of Virus & Microbiological Special Diagnostics, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark.

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G. Cackett RNAP lab, Institute for Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.

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F. Werner RNAP lab, Institute for Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.

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A. Karger Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17498 Greifswald, Germany.

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G. Andrés Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Calle Nicolás Cabrera, 1, 28049 Madrid, Spain.

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X. Wang Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, National Laboratory of Macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.

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D. Perez-Nuñez Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Calle Nicolás Cabrera, 1, 28049 Madrid, Spain.

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I. Galindo Dpt. Biotechnology, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Ctra. de la Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain.

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A. Malogolovkin Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Pokrov, Russia.

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Y. Revilla Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Calle Nicolás Cabrera, 1, 28049 Madrid, Spain.

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C. Alonso Dpt. Biotechnology, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Ctra. de la Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain.

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C. Gallardo European Union Reference Laboratory for African Swine Fever (EURL), Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, INIA-CISA, Valdeolmos, CP: 28130 Madrid, Spain.

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S. Blome Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald, Germany.

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E. Arabyan Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS, 0014, Yerevan, Armenia;

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H. Zakaryan Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS, 0014, Yerevan, Armenia;

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F. Ferreira Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal.

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Open Access

Over the last years, African swine fever virus (ASFV) has spread to several European and Asian countries, presently showing an unprecedented geographic distribution. The present chapter focuses on current knowledge and advances in the cellular/molecular features of ASFV, highlighting the gaps and future perspectives. The first half of the chapter addresses the general features of ASFV, its phylogeny and evolution, together with an overview of the viral transcription mechanisms and transcriptomics and the proteomics of ASFV-infected cells. The second half of the chapter summarises the structure and composition of the infectious ASFV particle, the mechanisms that lead to the infection and replication of the virus at the cellular level, and the viral-pig interactions. The last part of the chapter presents an overview of the currently described antiviral agents against ASFV.

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