Index
XXI Epistres d’Ovide
55, 57, 62
Abbaye des Conards (carnival society, Rouen)
87, 276–277, 283–284
Les Abus et superfluitez du monde (Sireulde)
278
Academia los Nocturnos (Valencia)
227
Académie française
22, 101, 104
Académie des Jeux Floraux (Toulouse)
174
Consistory of Joyful Knowledge
Académie des Parfaits Amants
197
Académie de peinture et de sculpture (Paris)
182
academies
2, 104, 180–181, 184–186
learned societies
Dutch
173, 178–179
emergence of
100–102, 175–180, 183–184, 252
French
173
Italian
3, 6, 20, 22, 71–72, 100–102, 175–177, 179–180
influence of
189, 253, 262
performative literary culture of
172, 173–174
Spanish
6, 131, 139, 227, 326–328, 339
specialization and professionalization of
186–194
Accademia degli Alterati (Florence)
96n107
Accademia delle Arti del Disegno (Florence)
181, 186
Accademia della Crusca (Florence)
189
Accademia Fiorentina (Florence)
101, 174, 176
creation of
176–177, 178, 180
Accademia dei Lincei (Rome)
22, 120
Accademia degli Umidi (Florence)
176–177, 178
Accademia Fiorentina
acrostics, use of
36, 44–46, 48, 244, 246, 261
for signatures
269, 270
actors
282n27
amateur
260–262
authors as
143, 238–239, 267–268, 272, 277
Agricola, Rodolphus
248, 254
Albert (archduke)
317–318
Albus, Johannes
251
Álvarez, Francisco J.
x, xv, 24
Amaranthes (Siegmund Gottlieb Corvinus)
344
amateur status of literary performers
15, 18, 84, 141, 223
actors
260–262
careers of
150–151, 154–155
Amiens, Puy in
152–153, 160, 166
Amsterdam
chambers of rhetoric in
178–179, 191n49
konstgenootschappen in
187
Andronicus, Lucius Livius
145–146
L’Ane a l’anon (Sireulde)
279
Anne of Brittany (duchess of Brittany and queen of France)
55, 60, 61–62
antiquarians, in Low Countries
293
Antiquity, poetic careers in
145–146
Antoine of Lorraine
263, 264, 265, 268, 273
Antwerp
art academy in
181–182
chambers of rhetoric in
174n7, 181, 182, 306
literary contests in
50–51, 53, 54, 89, 304
Antwerps Liedboek
50
Apollo
111
Aquinas, Thomas
114, 123
La Arcadia (Lope de Vega)
336
Arcadia (Sidney)
193
archives, of performative literary institutions
151, 163
aristocracy/aristocrats
Dutch
297
education of
222, 225, 322–323
in learned societies
101, 197
patronage of literature by
145–146, 263, 327
in performative literary institutions
190, 196, 327
women
341
as role models
346–347, 353
aristocratic courts, literary performers at
156–157, 158, 203–205, 211, 214, 222, 223–224, 226, 264–265, 268
Aristotle
112–113, 114, 123, 124
Armstrong, Adrian
xv, 23, 74n19, 84n60, 85, 86, 90, 93, 102n126, 148
Arras, performative literary institutions in
74, 84n60, 85, 98n113, 156
Ars Poetica (Horace)
114
Ars versificandi et carminum (Celtis)
116–117, 248, 250
art academies
181–183, 186
Art de dictier (Deschamps)
83, 108, 127, 163–164, 168, 203, 206
Art de rhétorique (Molinet)
39, 217
Arte nuevo de hacer comedias en este tiempo (Lope de Vega)
327, 337
Arthur (prince of Wales)
219
arts, patronage of
223
arts de seconde rhétorique manuals
39
associations
.
see learned societies; performative literary institutions; urban corporations/associations
audience
first-person voice requirement of
36
interpellations of
40
of literary performances
98, 99n117, 312–313
Aulcun character
40, 41–42
aurality
5
Aurelius, Cornelius
294
authorities
control over performative literary institutions by
97–98
control over urban associations by
97–98, 101, 102
recognition of guilds/associations by
76, 97
authors
careers of
.
see literary careers
dedications by
53, 56, 266, 307, 329n18
images of
46, 53, 54
lists of
223
professional
83n57, 146, 326, 339
roles of
actors
143, 238–239, 267–268, 272, 277
booksellers
271
publishers
270–271, 272
voice of, in marginal notes
51–52
women
144, 194–195, 340–341
Bakhtin, Mikhail
105n2, 107
Balbi, Girolamo
255
Baldzuhn, Michael
7n13, 76n25, 78n34
Ball, Gabriele
ix, xv, 24–25
Balladen van Doornicke (De Castelein)
43
ballads
of Deschamps
203–206, 207n8, 209n12, 212n20, 213
song/poetry type
38, 207
Balsam Flower Sovereign Chamber
178
banquets/banqueting culture
5, 118, 172
Barlandus, Adrian
317
Barnaud, Nicholas
307
Barry, John
90
Barston, John
90–91, 96n108
Basoche law clerks culture
2, 5, 70, 133, 176, 280
carnavalesque spirit/comedy in
16, 94, 134–136, 139
Beeckman, Isaac
179
La Belle Dame sans mercy (Chartier)
35
Bennassar, Bartolomé
329n16
Bernardus, Jasper
308
Beschreibung der Stadt Amsterdam (Zesen)
191
Bible texts
paraphrasing of
283
on rejection of joy and humor
105
versifications of
299, 302, 305, 306, 307, 310–311
Bibliotheca Belgica (Lenger ed.)
319
Bijns, Anna
144, 194–195
biographies
of literary performers
156–159
Celtis
247–262
Deschamps
203–213
Fruytiers
293–311
Gringore
263–273
Jansz
285–292
Lope de Vega
324–339
Milán
222–227
Molinet
214–221
Puteanus
159–160, 174n7, 190, 315–323
Sireulde
274–284
Smeken
228–246
Von Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
341–354
Biondo, Flavio
262
births, royal
234
Black, Antony
65n1, 73n17, 76n27, 79–80, 89, 95
La Blazon des hérétiques (Gringore)
265
Blockmans, Wim
231n17, 232n21
Bloemendal, Jan
79n39, 92n92
Boccaccio, Giovanni
57
Bodel, Jean
156
Boele, Anita
xvi
Bonaventura
114
Bonomo, Francesco and Pietro
256
Bonomus, Petrus
260
Bontius, Reinerius
315
Book of Customs (Puy of London)
118
booksellers
271
Bor, Pieter
296
Borreman, Jan
236
Borromeo, Federigo
317
Boscán, Juan
226
Bossy, John
80
Bouhaïk-Gironès, Marie
94n100, 263, 280
Bourdichon, Jean
55
Bourdieu, Pierre
149
bourgeois culture
199
Le Boursier
282n27
Bouza, Fernando
1, 2
Bracciolini, Poggio
123
Bréart, Romain
282
Breda, literary performances at
239–240
Briefgespräche
172
Britnell, Jennifer
264n4
brotherhood ideal of urban associations/ societies
79–80, 192
performative literary institutions
66, 80, 88–89
Brown, Cynthia J.
xvi, 23
Brussels
231–233
chambers of rhetoric in
158, 228, 238, 301–302
city rhetoricians of
228–229, 230–231, 233–234, 236
confraternities in
236–237
guilds in
229–230, 234–235
performative literary events in
238–239
snowmen festivals in
245–246
Bruyne, Jan de
304
Burgundian-Habsburg empire
243
Burgundy
216
House of
45–46
Burke, Peter
90n87
burlesque spirit, in Deschamps’ poems
208–209, 211
Busleyden, Jeronimus
315
Caillart, Jacques
282n27
Caillieu, Colijn
228–229, 292
Camer van Pictura (art academy, Antwerp)
182
Canin, Jan
307, 308
Canter, Jacob
256
careers
of humanists
140–141, 159–160
literary
.
see literary careers
Carmelite House (Rouen)
275
carnival celebrations/processions
71, 82, 85, 87, 276–277, 330
carnivalesque spirit, in performative literary culture
15–16, 133–136, 139
Carscallen, James
69n9, 83n57
Castiglione, Baldassare
121–122, 226
Castilian language use
226, 335
Catalan language use
226–227
Cathedral of Our Lady (Amiens)
152–153
Catherine of Aragon (queen of England)
219
Catholicism, Reformation attacks on
123–124
Cato, Dionysius
114
Catullus, Gaius Valerius
120
celebrations
of carnival
71, 85, 276–277
of royal births and christenings
234
Celosse, Jacob
308
Celtis, Konrad
116–117, 130–131, 159, 247–262
Les Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles
310
Cento Novellino antiche
344
chambers of rhetoric, Dutch
xiii, 3, 6, 71, 84n60, 97, 131–132, 174, 177
atmosphere of
celebration of harmony
88–89
joyfulness
116, 127–128, 132, 139
contests by and competitions between
89, 234, 300–302, 301
decline of
182, 183–184, 187, 188, 296
emergence of
177–178
factors of (principal poets)
228, 230
frictions in
177–179
funding of
300–301
international influence of
191–192
leadership of
78n34, 160, 300, 301
membership of
300
and painters/art academies
181, 182
performances by
31, 288–289, 290
statutes of
99, 127–128
training offered by
95, 230
women members of
19, 144
writings of
167
theatre plays
288, 290, 291
chant royal song/poetry type
38–39, 85, 126n78, 207, 275–276
Amiens tradition of
152–153
characters in performative literary texts
35, 41–42
devils/negative
240–242
fools
267
narrators
40
‘poet-secretaries’
325
charitable work
by literary performers
286
by performative literary institutions
87, 282–283
by urban associations
76–77
writings on
292
Charles V (Holy Roman emperor, Charles I of Spain)
140, 222, 234, 238n59, 242, 243
Charles V (king of France)
48, 204, 206n7
Charles VI (king of France)
204, 205, 212
Charles VIII (king of France)
44–45, 57, 216
Charles the Bold (duke of Burgundy)
177, 214, 216, 219n22
Charles d’Orléans
38
Charles of Valois acrostics
45, 46, 47
Chartier, Alain
35, 217
Le Chasteau d’amours (Gringore)
269
Le Chasteau de labour (Gringore)
269, 270, 272
Chastelain, George
37, 214, 217
Chevalier délibéré (De la Marche)
58, 233n30
christenings, royal
234
Christus, Petrus
58, 59
chronicles/chronicle writing
of the Low Countries
294, 308
by Molinet
214, 215, 216, 218
professional
326
Die Chronyk van Hollandt, Zeelandt ende Vriesland (Aurelius)
294
Cicero
95, 113, 124, 125n71
citational behaviour
32
cities
urban culture/urban life; urbanity
corporations/associations in
65–67, 73–74, 90–91
medieval expansion of
72
representation/prestige of
96–100
rhetoricians of
228–229, 230–231, 233–234
citizenship
95
civility
benefits of joyfulness to
121–124
ideals, of performative literary culture
23–24, 66, 80, 91–96, 100, 171
urban roots of
90–91
classical dramas, performances at medieval universities of
314–315
Claude de France (queen of France)
264, 266
Cloth Guild of Brussels, membership of Smeken
229–230
coat of arms, of Smeken
232–233
Cockx-Indestege, Elly
244n81
Coigneau, Dirk
310
Collège de Rhétorique (Toulouse)
.
Consistory of Joyful Knowledge
Collegium Mechanicorum (Rotterdam)
179
Collegium Poetarum et Mathematicorum (Vienna)
252–253, 256
Collegium Trilingue (Leuven)
160, 315–317, 319, 321, 323
colophons
58–60
Coloquios y Diálogos (Mexía)
140
comedies
117, 209, 210–211, 241–242, 325–326, 337–338
joyfulness created by
131
performances
130–131, 260
as training tool in rhetoric
94–95
comic monologues
35–36
comic poetry
276, 278
communities, conflicts between
98
compagnies joyeuses (joyful companies)
2, 5, 157
carnivalesque inversion of everyday life in
15, 134, 136, 139
criticism on culture of
176
joyfulness promoted by
133
in Paris
267
participants
163, 164, 218
competitions
.
see contests, literary
La Complainte de la cité cretienne (Gringore)
265, 272
Complainte du Trop Tard Marié (Gringore)
57, 270
Comvs (Puteanus)
319
Concertatio virtutis cum voluptate (Locher)
131
conflicts
between communities
98
in performative literary institutions
174, 178
confraternities
72, 76
in Brussels
236–238
emergence of
74, 75
Confraternity of the Immaculate Conception (Rouen)
80
Confraternity of the Passion (Paris)
71
Confraternity of the Seven Sorrows of the Virgin (Brussels)
158
Confrérie des jongleurs et bourgeois d’Arras
156
Confrérie du Puy Notre-Dame (Amiens)
152–153
Confrerie van Pictura (art academie, The Hague)
182
Conradi Celtis proseuticum ad diuum Fridericum tercium pro laurea Appollinari
250
Consistories
71, 74, 155
Consistory of Joyful Knowledge (Consistory del Gay Saber, Consistory of Toulouse)
1, 2, 18, 69, 74, 76n25, 97, 99
Académie des Jeux Floraux; Collège de rhétorique
contests of
131
joyfulness promoted by
110, 125, 126, 133, 139
leadership of
77n34
peer review process of
83
poetry by
85, 87
Const van Rhetoriken (De Castelein)
39, 51–52, 129
contests, literary
Dutch
6, 289–290
landjuweel contests
50–51, 53, 54, 89, 234–235
organization of
89, 234, 330, 334–335
between performative literary institutions
82–83, 300–302
of poetry
1–2, 85, 131, 152–153, 191, 274, 275, 281
career impact of
148, 152–153, 275, 276, 330–335
of songs and music
71n11, 132–133, 192
Spanish
1–2, 4
theatre
50–51, 53, 234
training for
92–93
university debates
312–313
winners of
2, 281, 301–302
Conti, Lotario dei
105–106
contrafacta songs
50
conversation
by letters
172
witty
115, 118, 172, 319
conversazione civile
172
conviviality
humanist
256
performative literary spirit of
139, 173
Coornhert, Dirck Volckertsz
158, 189, 286–288, 291–292
Coornhert, Frans
303
Coornhert-Van Zuren Press
303, 306
De Corenbloem (chamber of rhetoric, Brussels)
301–302
corporate tradition, medieval
65n1, 67, 101–103
of performative literary institutions
65, 72–80, 85–89, 103
correspondence
of academies
184–185
of Celtis
251, 254
literature
172
of Lope de Vega
327
of Puteanus
319
of Von Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
345
Corte Beschrijvinghe of the Flood of 1570 (Fruytiers)
295, 305, 306, 308, 310
Corte Beschrijvinghe of the Siege and Relief of Leiden (Fruytiers)
303, 305, 307, 308
Il Cortegiano (Castiglione)
121–122, 226, 227
El Cortesano (Milán)
222, 223–224, 225, 226, 227
Corvinus (Matthias I, king of Hungary)
250, 251
Cour amoureuse (Paris)
164
court cases
comic
210
involvement of literary performers in
279–280, 293, 297, 298
court chroniclers
140
court culture
122–123
performative literary culture rooted in
85, 155, 190
courts
aristocratic/royal, literary performers at
156–157, 158, 159, 203–205, 211, 214, 222, 223–224, 226, 248, 264–265, 268
of law, ushers at
274–275
craft, and learning
86n68
craft guilds, and performative literary culture
70
creativity of performative literary institutions
66, 81–89
Cretin, Guillaume
215
crossbow contests
234–235
Cusanus, Nicholas/Nicolaus
119, 255, 256
Cuspianus, Johannes
257
Dambruyne, Johan
78
databases, of songs
50n61
dating
of plays
268n19
of poetry
207–208
De anima et vita (Vives)
112, 126
De Bavière, Isabeau
53
De Beaurepaire, Charles
280n22
De Beer, Susanna
xvi, 24
De Bie, Cornelis
182n29
De Castelein, Matthijs
39, 43, 51–52, 129
De Cervantes, Miguel
335n34
De Clamanges, Nicolas
207n8
De conviventia (Pontano)
118
De Corbie, Arnaud
164, 211–212
De Damhoudere, Joos de
117
De Dene, Eduard
45–46, 52
De Góngora, Luis
334
De Harduwijn, Justus
319
De Heredia, Juan Fernández
223, 224
De humana physiognomia (Della Porta)
120–121
De Jode, Pieter
316
De La Halle, Adam
156
De la Marche, Olivier
58, 158, 233n30
De La Vigne, André
40, 45, 57, 61, 263
De Landa, Mathieu
282
De Leeuw, Rick
245n83
De Lichte, Henrick
233–234, 235, 236
De Machaut, Guillaume
57, 156–157, 203, 213
De Mézières, Philippe
212
De Milán, Luis
157, 222–227
De miseria humanae conditionis (Dei Conti)
105–106
De Montaigne, Michel Eyquem
323
De Montalbán, Juan Pérez
338
De nocte et Hasilinae: erotice (Celtis)
258
De oratore (Cicero)
113, 124
De Pizan, Christine
53, 55n75
De regimine principum (Romanus)
123
De remediis utriusque fortunae (Petrarch)
106
De Ridder-Symoens, Hilde
ix, xi–xiii, xv–xvi
De ridiculis (Madius)
112, 125
De Robertis, Dominico
140
De Ronsard, Pierre
176
De Roovere, Anthonis
58, 64, 229n5
De Saint-Gelais, Octovien
55, 62
De Sandoval y Rojas, Francisco Gómez
329n16
De sermone (Pontano)
114–115, 122
De Zúñiga, Catalina
329n18
Le Debat de l’aigle, du harenc et du lyon (Molinet)
220–221
Le Debat des deux fortunés d’amours (Chartier)
35
Debat du viel gendarme et du viel amoureux (Molinet)
33–34
debate poems
34, 35, 219, 220–221
debates
contests at universities
312–313
didactic
42
and theatre plays
34
dedications by authors
53, 56, 266, 307, 329n18
deixis, use of
42
Della Porta, Giambattista
120–121
Della Torre, Maria Magdalena Catherina
318
Democritus
291
depression
intellectual susceptibility to
115–116
treatment of
110–111
Der Weduwen, Claes
236
Deschamps, Eustache
83, 108, 127, 156–157, 163–164, 168, 203–213
ballads of
203–206, 207n8, 209n12, 212n20, 213
Deutsche Gesellschaft (Göttingen)
197
Deutsche Gesellschaft (Leipzig)
197
Deutschgesinnete Gesellschaft (Hamburg)
190, 191–192
women in
196
Les Deux soupiers de Monville (Rouen)
277
devil characters, theatrical
240–242
d’Heere, Lucas
302
d’Héricault, Charles
264n4
Dialogo entre el prudente rey y el sabio aldeano
33
dialogues
use of
33–36, 209, 211, 225
virtual
36
Dictionnaire des arrests (Brillon)
135–136
didactic texts
33–34, 42
poetry
212, 244–245
theatre plays
313–314, 315
Didascalicon de studio legendi (Hugh of Saint-Victor)
107
Dietl, Cora
261n48
digital copies, of performative literary texts
309
Dijon, compagnie joyeuse in
133
disputatios/disputations
312, 321–322
disputes, playful
172
Disticha Catonis
114
Dólleman, Michiel Thierry de Bye
285n2
La Dorotea (Lope de Vega)
337
Dorpius, Martin
317
Double Lay on Human Frailty (Deschamps)
203, 212
Douza, Janus
293
Du Bellay, Joachim
176
Du vostre un peu luy est grand chose (Sireulde)
281
Dufour, Antoine
55n75
Dutch literary culture
30
Dutch Republic
academies in
173, 178–179
konstgenootschappen in
186, 187, 188
natural philosophy societies in
188, 197–198
Duverger, Jozef
228n3, 229n7, 234n32
Dyalogue de Vertu militaire et de Jeunesse françoise (Lemaire de Belges)
43
Ecclesiasticus, Fruytiers’ versification of
299, 302, 305, 310–311
Eckstein, Nicholas
82
Eco, Umberto
105
education
of aristocrats
222, 225, 322–323
humanist
314, 315
of literary performers
156, 157
reform
345–347
of women
340
De Eglantier (chamber of rhetoric, Amsterdam)
178
Elckerlijc (morality play)
51
elevated speech
9, 17
elite culture
172n4, 186, 192
emblem books
64
Emden
303
Enfants Sans Souci (Paris)
157, 267
Engelbert of Nassau
215
England, civility concept in
91
entertainers, professional
81n47, 84
Entreprises de Venise (Gringore)
272
Epigramm IV.43 (Celtis)
247n1
epigrams
256
by Celtis
252, 257, 258
epiphonema, use of
43
Epistolarum compendium (Celtis)
251
Epitaphes d’Hector (Chastelain)
37
Epitaphia Ioco-Seria (Sweertius)
123
epitaphs
249, 252, 295
equals, associations of
77, 79
Erasmus of Rotterdam
140, 189, 222, 297, 315
Eröffnetes Cabinet Deβ Gelehrten Frauen-Zimmers (Eberti)
344–345
erotic poetry
258
Espinel, Vicente
325
Essays (De Montaigne)
323
ethics, books on
346–347
Europe
.
see Western/North-Western Europe
events
.
see literary performances/events
Everaert, Cornelis
51
everyday life, inversion in performative literary culture of
15, 133–134, 136
Evreux, Puys in
132–133
Fabri, Pierre
93, 95–96
facetiae (witticism, witty speech)
113, 115, 122, 123
Fama póstuma (De Montalbán)
338
Famous Women (Boccaccio)
57
Farce de Maistre Pathelin
53, 57, 86
Farce de Maistre Trubert et d’Antrongnart (Deschamps)
210
farces
131, 264, 277, 291
Farrell, Joseph
145–146
Fastnachtspiele (Shrove Tuesday Plays)
259, 260
feasts
5, 141
Fenollet, Francisco
223
Ferdinand of Aragon (duke of Calabria)
222, 223, 226, 227
festivals
of rhetoric
230
in Vienna
259
festive societies, decline in
103
festive spirit of performative literary culture
5, 16, 85, 94, 134–136, 139, 208–209
carnivalesque spirit; joyfulness; playfulness
rejection of
176, 180, 187
Ficino, Marsilio
110–111, 115–116, 121, 179, 250, 253
Fiestas de Denia (Lope de Vega)
329n18
Findlen, Paula
125–126n74
first-person voice
36, 37, 57
Flecha, Mateo (the Elder)
223
Florence
academies in
96n107, 101, 174, 176, 179, 181, 253
creation of
176–177, 178, 180
confraternities in
70
folklorization, of performative literary culture
172, 199
Folles Entreprises (Gringore)
267, 271–272
fool characters, theatrical
267
formulaic language use
42–43
Le Franc Archier de Baignollet
36
France
academies in
173
carnivalesque genres in
134
literary performances in
31
publishing industry in
278
Francis I (king of France)
264, 265n10, 316
Der Francoysen ende haerder nagebueren morghenwecker (Barnaud (author), Fruytiers (trans.))
307, 308
Frankfurter Buchmesse
255
Frederick III (Holy Roman emperor)
250
Frederick the Wise (Elector of Saxony)
250
French language
culture
30, 199
use
206n7, 217
Froissart, Jean
164, 207
Fruchtbringende Gesellschaft (Germany)
22, 101, 172, 189, 190, 341
correspondence network of
184–185
influence of
191–192, 196
names for members of
348
women-only societies inspired from
196, 344, 345
Fruytier, Jacob de
304n37
Fruytier, Jacob Jansz.
298n16
Fruytier, Jacobus
298
Fruytier, Jan
298
Fruytiers, Johannes/Johan/Jan
158, 160, 165, 293–311
Fuchsmagen, Johannes
256
functionalist approaches, to benefits of joyfulness
106–107
Gaiges retrenchiés (Molinet)
215
Gailliart, Willem
305
Galbert of Bruges
91, 92
Gally, Michèle
88
García Aguilar, Ignacio
x, xvii, 24
Garcilaso de la Vega
226
Gásser, Luis
227n20
Germaine of Foix
222, 223, 224, 226
German language
depreciation of
262
use
190, 193, 344, 347
Germania Illustrata (Celtis)
262
Germany
262
Gerytszoon, Symon
297, 298
Geta et Amphitrion (comedy, Deschamps)
209
Geta (Vitalis of Blois)
209
Geuzenliedboek
305, 306
Ghent, chamber of rhetoric in
127
gift-motifs
243
Gillis, Marcus Antonius
302
Ginés de Sepúlveda, Juan
140
Gingerick, Virginia
259, 261n50
Goebens, Goossen
303, 305, 306
Goliards
312
Goltzius, Hubert
293
Goodts Ordonancij (Jansz)
291
Gottsched, Johann Christoph
193, 197
De Goudsblom (chamber of rhetoric, Antwerp)
306
Grand et vrai art de pleine rhetorique (Fabri)
93, 95–96
’s-Gravenpolder, chamber of rhetoric in
167
Grieninger, Heinrich
130
Grijp, Louis Peter
50n61
Gringore, Pierre
57, 157, 163, 165, 263–273
Grosseteste, Robert
114
Grote Gilde van de Voetboog (Brussels)
231
Grünpeck, Joseph
260
guidebooks
on joyfulness/laughter
118–130
on mental health
108–109, 112–116
guilds
70, 76, 89
in Brussels
229–230, 234–235
emergence of
72, 73n17
Den Gulden ABC (Fruytiers)
304, 307
Haarlem
chambers of rhetoric in
167, 184, 285, 287, 288, 290
literary performances/events in
288–289, 290
Häger, Georg
137–138
Hamburg
chamber of rhetoric in
191
learned societies in
191–192
Hankins, Jeremy
179
Hargen, Splinter van
299
Harsdörffer, Georg Philipp
190, 192–193
health, mental
108–111, 112–116
Heidelberg, sodalitate in
254–255, 256
Heinsius, Daniel
190
Hendricksz, Aelbrecht
307
Henne, Alexandre
235n43
Henry II (king of France)
281
Heraclitus
291
Heroïdes (Ovid)
55
Herz, Andreas
ix
Heures de Nostre Dame (Gringore)
265
Heyns, Peter
306
hierarchies, in urban associations
77
Historia del emperador Carlos V (Mexía)
140
Historia imperial y cesárea (Mexía)
140
historians, official (indiciaires)
214
historical research
on art academies
181–182
on authors’ careers
142, 145–146, 165–166, 309
women
340–341
on guilds
89
on literary culture
149–150
on performative literary culture
20, 21–22, 161–162, 178–179
institutions of
18, 20–21, 23
sources
6–8, 10, 12–14, 31–32, 162–163
historiography
of Italian academies
179, 181
by rhetoricians
148
Hollaar, Henk
310
Hollandsche Maatschappij
197
Holy Roman Empire
257–258
Hölzl, Blasius
257
honour
of cities
66
of participants in performative literary culture
17
Horace
113–114
Hüe, Denis
86
Hue Mars en Venus tsaemen bueleerden (Smeken)
241–242
Hugh of Orléans
210
Hugh of Saint-Victor
107
humanism
educational ideals of
314, 315
influence on performative literary culture of
250, 251, 253, 281, 287, 291
in Low Countries
189–190
theories of laughter of
112, 120–123
vernacular culture promoted by
319
humanists
books on jokes/humour
122
careers of
140–141, 159–160
conviviality/gatherings of
256, 257
as literary performers
159
networks o0f
159–160, 286–288, 292, 293–294
humour
comedy; laughter
medieval attitudes
105, 107–112
rhetorical use of
113–114, 122–123
theories on
123, 124
humanist
112, 120–123
as weapon
117, 123–124
ideals
of performative literary culture
23–24, 66, 80, 91–96, 100, 122–123, 171
of performative literary institutions
66, 80, 88–96, 100, 192
of urban corporations
66–67, 79–80
Iglau (Jihlava), Meistersingers in
138
Ignatius, Willem
195
illustrations
and text combinations
64, 270, 271
use of
49, 52–62, 244–245, 266n15, 269–270, 271–272
impresa
347–348
of Fruitbearing Society
348
of Virtous Society
349–352
of Von Schwarzberg-Rudolstadt
343
In the Name of the Rose (Eco)
105
Incarnationes (Van Aecken)
295–296
indiciaires (official historians)
214
individuality, literary
339
informal associations/groups
68–69, 76
Ingolstadt, university of
251
Innocence III (pope)
106
Inns of Court (London)
3
carnivalesque spirit in
16
civic ideology of
89n84
performative literary culture of
70
theatre productions by
82n49
training in rhetoric by
94n100
‘Institutions of Knowledge and Civility in Europe (1300–1700)’ (meeting, 2012, Ghent)
xi
intellectual associations
.
see learned societies
intellectual banquets
118
intellectuals, susceptibility to depression
115–116
intermediality
7–8
interpellation of audiences
40
invitations, for competitions
89, 235
irony, use of
209
Isabella of Castile (queen of Spain)
232, 243
Isabelle of France (countess of Vertus)
203–204
Italy
academies in
2, 3, 6, 189
emergence of
100–101, 175–176
as alleged birthplace of modern culture and society
179
cultural influences of
227
Jan van Beverley (prose novel)
49
Janse, Antheun
231n17
Jansz, Floris
285n2
Jansz, Louris
158, 160, 165, 167, 285–292
Jardin de Plaisance
57
Jean de Liège
215
Jesuits
315
Jeu du Prince des Sotz et Mere Sotte (Gringore)
264, 267
Jeux Floraux of Toulouse
88n79
Joanna (queen of Castile)
231–233, 243
John III (João III, king of Portugal)
222, 226
John of Salisbury
95
jongleurs confraternities
68n7
in Arras
84n60, 85, 98n113
Jorge of Burgos
105
Joubert, Laurent
112, 126
Joy (Bliscap) of Mary (series of plays)
49
joyful culture
131, 139, 220
of learned societies
258, 262
performative literary
109–110, 115–118, 126–130, 131–139, 208–209, 211, 218, 220, 247
abandonment of
172, 198
joyfulness
benefits of
24, 105–107, 262
medical theories on
107–112
rhetorical and pedagogical theories on
112–117, 126–129
for sociability and civility
118–124
sources of
124–130
Jubal (biblical character)
232
judgment emphasis, in performative literary institutions
82–83
Judith et Holofernés (Molinet)
218, 220
Julius II (pope)
267
Junius, Hadrianus
286, 293
Junius, Henrick
293, 294
justa culture
2, 4, 70, 85, 131, 139, 167
in Seville
1–2, 4, 140
Kapelle, chamber of rhetoric in
128
Kay, Sarah
74n19, 84n60, 85, 86, 93, 96, 102n126
Kendrick, Laura
xvii, 77n34, 88n79, 164
Kerricx, Willem
182n29, 195
Kies, Pieter Jansz
287
Klaj (Klajus), Johann
190, 193
knowledge
joyful
116–117, 125–126
theories of
119
Koninklijke Academie voor Nederlandse Taal en Letteren (Royal Academy for Dutch Language and Literature)
xi
Konst wordt door arbeid verkreegen (konstgenootschap, Leiden)
187
konstgenootschappen (societies of the arts, Dutch Republic)
183, 186, 187–188, 197
De Koopman (Coornhert)
291
Lakeman, Marietje Jacobsdr
285
landjuweel contests
50–51, 53, 54, 89, 234–235
Lane, Pamela
86n68
Lang, Vincenz
260
Langendijk, Pieter
298
Lassus, Orlando
132
Latin learning, opposition against
178, 179, 199
Laude confraternities (Italy)
71
laughter
105, 106
comedy; humour
humanist theories of
112, 120–123
Laurie, I.S.
207, 209n12
Lavéant, Katell
x, 77n34, 86, 94n100
law clerks associations, performative literary culture of
2, 5, 16, 70, 280
law courts, ushers at
274–275
Laws of Love
.
see Leys d’Amors
lawyers
associations of
70
training of
313–314
layout of printed performative texts
58, 62
Le Dru, Pierre
269
Le Mégissier, Martin
282
Le Noir, Michel
270
Le Tabourin, Monmain
282n27
leadership
of performative literary institutions
78n34, 133, 160, 281, 300, 301
of urban associations
77
learned societies
101–102, 104
academies
founding of
252
members of
aristocrats
101, 197
women
196, 197
performative literary culture in
253
rejection of
193, 198, 199
playfulness in
190–191192–3, 254
sociability of
22, 184–185
learning
17, 18–19
and craft
86n68
cultures of
European
189
Latin
178, 179, 199
and performative literary culture
18–19, 20, 22–23
vernacular
20–21, 178, 179, 189, 198, 206
Het Leenhof der Gilden (Van den Berghe (author)/Fruytiers (ed.))
303
legacy, of authors
165–166
Leiden
chambers of rhetoric in
187, 300
humanists in
293–294
literary performances/events in
290n32
university
178, 179, 294, 314–315
De Lelie (chamber of rhetoric, Brussels)
158, 228, 230, 236
Lemaire de Belges, Jean
43, 157, 217, 263
Leto, Giulio Pomponio
179, 250, 252, 255
Leuven
imperial castle
318
university (Collegium Trilingue)
160, 315–317, 319
Het Leven der roomsche … keyseren int cort (Fruytiers)
306
Levet, Pierre
49
Leys d’Amors (Molinier)
109–110, 125, 126
liberal arts
performative literary culture as expression of
4, 17, 18–19, 181
training in/study of
17, 92, 168, 169, 182, 184, 203
vernacular cultures of
20–21
Libri Odarum Quattuor (Celtis)
251, 258
Libro de motes de damas y caballeros intitulado El juego de mandar (Milán)
224, 225
Libro de música de vihuela de mano intitulado El maestro (Milán)
224, 225–226
Lieblehr der Christlichen Schule (Ratke)
346
Lieft boven Al (chamber of rhetoric, Haarlem)
285, 286, 288–289
lieux de mémoire, of performative literary events
14
life
negative and positive sides of
106
performative literary culture as way of
15, 19
lifestyles, literary
143
Lipsius, Justus
190, 315, 317, 320
literary careers
141, 141–143, 145, 146–147, 161, 168, 326, 339
literary performers, careers of
historical research on
142, 145–146, 165–166
non-professional
150–151
literary culture
performative literary culture
historical research on
149–150
late medieval/early modern
ix, x, 2–4
‘literary field’ concept (Bourdieu)
149–150, 151
literary performances/events
5, 6–7, 8, 9, 29, 31, 32–33, 79, 81–82, 98
theatrical performances
at royal entries
70, 233
audiences of
98, 99n117, 312–313
corporate ideals reflected in
66, 90–96
decline of
161
joyfulness promoted by
110, 132–133
literary careers shaped through
x, 9, 23, 24, 141, 143–144, 146, 147–149, 153–154, 161–165, 284, 288–289, 326–327, 329, 330–335, 339
locations/spaces of
13–14, 239
organization of
51, 83–84, 160, 218, 330, 334–335
reputation of
151
written accounts of
1–2, 50–51, 230–232, 264, 266, 276–277, 302, 328, 329n18, 332, 334
literary performers
154, 169–170, 267–268
at aristocratic courts
156–157, 158, 159, 203–205, 211, 214, 222, 223–224, 226
careers of
x, 9, 23, 24, 140–141, 153–154, 156–165, 169–170
Celtis
247–262
Deschamps
203–213
Fruytiers
293–311
Gringore
263–273
historical research on
142, 145–146, 165–166, 309, 340–341
Jansz
285–292
Lope de Vega
324–339
Milán
222–227
Molinet
214–221
Puteanus
315–323
role of performance in
141, 142–144, 143–144, 146, 147–149, 153–154, 161–165, 275–277
Sireulde
274–284
Smeken
228–246
Von Schwarzburg-Rodulstadt
341–354
humanist
159–160, 286–288, 292, 293–294
and printing/printing industry
267, 269, 283, 302
status of
17, 19, 148
as amateurs
15, 18, 84, 141, 150–151, 154–155, 223, 260–262
as literati
151–152, 169
women
144, 194–195, 341–354
literary societies
.
see performative literary institutions
literary spheres
150, 152
literary texts
149–150
performative literary texts
literati
participation in performative literary culture by
19, 154–155, 157–160
role of performance in careers of
140–141, 143, 147
status of literary performers as
151–152, 169
Le Livre des quatre dames (Chartier)
35
Livre du Coeur d’amour épris (René d’Anjou)
40
locations, for performative literary events
13–14, 239
Locher, Jacob (Philomosus)
130–131
Lof van den heijlighen Sacramente (De Roovere)
58, 64
Longtin, Mario
277n12
Lope de Vega
157–158, 227n19, 324–339
Lopspruch (Häger)
138
Louis XI (king of France)
216, 221
Louis XII (king of France)
43, 55, 216, 264, 273
Louis of Orléans
204, 209
love
brotherly
ideal of performative literary institutions
66, 80, 88–89
ideal of urban associations
79–80, 192
poetry
42, 87–88
themes in theatre plays
88–89
Low Countries
art academies in
181–183
chronicles of
308
humanist tradition in
189–190, 286–288
natural philosophy societies in
179
performative literary culture in
31, 35, 99–100
chambers of rhetoric, Dutch
performative literary institutions in
70, 74–75, 177–178
De Ludo globi (Cusanus)
119
Ludus Dianae (Celtis)
258–262
Luillier, Etienne
279, 280n22
Lyon, compagnie joyeuse in
134
lyrical culture, performative
5–6, 10, 31
Madius, Vincentius
112, 125
Madrid
performative literary culture of
328
poetic contests in
332–335
mandement genre (summons)
218
Mantovani, Thierry
79
manuals
of literary performances
51
of poetry
83, 93, 95–96, 108, 163–164, 168, 203, 206
of rhetoric
39, 93, 95–96, 129
of theatre play writing
337
of versification, French
39
of witty conversation
319
manuscripts
availability of
216
illumination of
44–45, 46
of performative literary texts
29, 31, 51, 63, 167, 211–212, 216–217, 243–244, 266, 272, 304–305
illustrations in
53, 55n74–77, 56–57, 60, 61, 266n15
March, Ausiàs
223
Marchand, Jean
266, 268n19
Mareel, Samuel
xvii, 23, 231n13, 234
Margaret of Austria (queen of Spain)
227n19, 329
Margaret of York, royal entry into Douai by
232n22
marginal notes, in performative literary texts
50–51
‘t Mariacranske (chamber of rhetoric, Brussels)
158, 238
Mariken van Nieumeghen
49, 57
Mary I Tudor (queen of England and Ireland)
264, 266
masculinity, performative literary culture as cultivation of
19
Mathias I (Holy Roman emperor)
346
Maurice (Prince of Orange)
294
Maximilian I (Holy Roman emperor)
214, 231, 233, 238n59, 248, 256, 258
Mayer, Wolfgang
261
McClelland, John
274n1
medical theories, on benefits of joyfulness
107–112
Meistergesang (Spangenberg)
129
Meistersänger tradition/culture
11, 188–189, 190
Meistersingers/Meistersinger circles
3, 11, 71, 99, 131, 136, 259
competitions
83
Freisingen
136
joyfulness promoted by
129–130, 133, 136–138, 262
leadership of
78n34
poetry by
85
Singschulen
136, 137
theatrical activities by
188–189n43
theological focus of
87
Melanchthon, Philip
124, 314
melodies of songs, reconstruction of
50
Memorial (Ratke)
346
memory
impact of performative literary culture on
9–10
and verse
37
men of letters
.
see literati
Mencía de Mendoza (duke of Calabria)
222
Mensa philosophica
118
mental health
guidebooks on
108–109, 112–116
treatments
110–111
Mercader, Gaspar
227n19
metaphors, use of
86, 291
meter, use of
162
Meuris, Aert
308
Mexía, Pero
2, 140, 141, 152, 159
Middelburg
chamber of rhetoric in
167
natural philosophy societies in
197–198
Middle Ages
attitudes to joy and humour in
105–106, 107–112
corporate tradition in
65n1, 67, 72–74, 79, 101–103
urban corporations/ associations
and performative literary institutions
65, 72–80, 103
Le Mistere de Saint Quentin (Molinet)
218, 220
mnemonic rhyme
37, 220
Molinet, Jean
34, 39, 55n74, 156–157, 163, 164–165, 214–221
Molinier, Guilhem
109–110, 125, 126
monologues
comic
35–36
staging of
57
Montpellier Parchment (painting)
218
Moralité à six personnages
40, 41–42
morality plays
34, 51, 218, 241n69, 265, 271
allegorical
290, 291
Morel, Eustache
212
motes (commands and answers) interchanges
225, 227
Mother Folly illustrations/roles
267, 271–272
multimodality, in books
64
music
contests
132–133
healing powers of
108, 111
instruction
225
joyfulness created by
129–130
origins of verse in
38–39
reference in performative literary texts to
49–50
Spanish
223
mystery plays
85, 103, 218, 267–268
myths
98
Nagel, Bert
188–189n43
Nantes, performative literary institutions in
74
narrative, use in performative texts of
39–40
natural philosophy societies
176, 179, 186
in Dutch Republic
188, 197–198
nature, interests in
175
Natuurkundig Gezelschap (Middelburg)
198
Natuurkundig Gezelschap der Dames (Middelburg)
197–198
Le Naufrage de la Pucelle (Molinet)
219n22
Nederduytsche Academie de Byencorf (chamber of rhetoric, Amsterdam)
178, 179, 180
Den Nederduytschen Helicon (poetry collection)
308
neighbourhood associations
76
Netherlands
.
see Dutch Republic; Low Countries
Netherlands Institute for Advanced Study (NIAS)
x
networks
of academies
184–186
of antiquarians
293
of humanists
286–288, 292
of oral communication
8
of rhetoricians
307
of urban associations
77
vernacular
76
Nève, Félix
317
nicknames, of literary performers
276
Nicomachean Ethics (Aristotle)
112–113, 114
Nil Volentibus Arduum (konstgenootschap, Amsterdam)
187
nobility
.
see aristocracy/aristocrats
Noble Académie des Loyales
196
non-professionals
.
see amateurs
Normandy, theatrical culture in
266
North-Western Europe
.
see Western/ North-Western Europe
Nuremberg
learned societies in
190, 192–193
school for poets in
130
Nutzbares, galantes und curiöses Frauenzimmer-Lexicon (Amaranthes)
344–345
objects, personifications of
41
O’Callaghan, Michelle
89n84
Occitan Consistories
71, 74
Ode IV.3 (Celtis)
251
odes
296
praise poetry
by Celtis
251, 254, 257, 258
to Fruytiers
302
Ogier, Barbara
182n29, 194
De Olijftak (chamber of rhetoric, Antwerp)
182, 195
Ong, Walter
9–10
Ons Liefs Heren Minnevaer (Jansz)
291
Opitz, Martin
193, 348–349
oral communication
8
oral residue
30n2
in performative literary culture
6, 9–10
oral societies, publicity in
8–9
Order of the Golden Fleece (Brussels), Smeken’s poem for
246
Orléans, university
209
Orlers, Jan Jansz
296, 308
Ortelius, Abraham
293, 306
Osuna, Inmaculada
x, xviii, 24
Oudenbosch, chamber of rhetoric in
127
Oulmont, Charles
268n19
Our Lady of the Seven Sorrows (confraternity, Brussels)
236–238
Ovid
55
Paets, Jan
307
painters
culture of, and rhetoricians
182
training of
181
paintings as part of performances
218
Amiens Puys
152–153, 166
processions
238
royal entries
231–234, 287, 289
Palaestra Bonae Mentis (Leuven)
160, 321–322
palestras (contests of wits)
1, 321
Pantagrueline prognostication (Rabelais)
278, 279n17
Papen-Apen-spel (Fruytiers/Anon.)
308
paratextual elements in performative literary texts
23, 30, 43–52, 63–64
Paris
Basoche in
134–135, 280n21
joyful companies in
267
Puys in
207
Passe Temps (Taillevent)
43
La Passion en rime franchoise (Molinet et al.)
218
Pastores de Belén (Lope de Vega)
336–337
patronage
of intellectual associations
101
of literature
97, 154–155, 306
in Antiquity
145–146
by aristocrats
145–146, 263, 327
in Valencia
223
by women
144
pedagogic literature
212, 222
pedagogic theatrical performances
313–314, 315
pedagogical theories, on benefits of joyfulness
112–117, 126–127
peers
associations of
77
review by
82, 83, 93
supervision by
78
Pegnesische Blumenorden (Nuremberg)
190, 192–193
women in
196–197
El Peregrino en su patria (Lope de Vega)
336
performative literary culture
ix–x, 4, 5–6, 21, 68, 151, 169, 171, 173
decline of
20, 174–175, 188
festive spirit of
5, 16, 94, 134–136, 139
carnivalesque
15–16, 133–136, 139
joyfulness
109–110, 115–116, 118, 126–130, 131–139, 247, 258, 262
playfulness
15, 17, 172, 190–191, 192–193
rejection of
176, 180
historical research on
20, 21–22, 161–162, 178–179
sources
6–8, 10, 12–14, 31–32, 162–163
humanist influences on
250, 251, 253, 287, 291
ideals of
23–24, 66, 80, 91–96, 100, 122–123, 171
memory impact of
9–10, 37
new forms of
24–25, 173–174, 183–185, 188–189, 193, 198–200
emergence of
172, 175–179
participants
.
see literary performers
printing press impact on
7–8, 22, 165, 174–175
roots of
in court culture
85, 155, 159, 190
in troubadours/trouvères culture
155–156
in schools and universities
314
urbanity of
22, 23–24, 85, 86–87, 155, 162, 173
vernacular character of
2–3, 74n19, 99, 173, 198–199, 206
as way of life
15, 19
Performative Literary Culture (PLC) network
xi, 21
performative literary events
.
see literary performances/events
performative literary institutions
5–6, 9, 11–13, 18, 21–22, 23, 31, 67–72, 151, 162, 171
academies/learned societies
171–172, 173–174, 180–181, 184–186
emergence of
100–102, 175–180, 183–184
playfulness in
190–191, 192–193
specialization and professionalization of
186–194
ad-hoc groups/associations
68–69
aristocrats in
190, 196, 327
cities represented by
96–100
competitions between
82–83, 300–302
corporate tradition in
65, 72–80, 85–89, 103
creative production of
66, 81–89
decline of
171, 183–184, 194, 198, 296
emergence of
65–66, 74–75
frictions in
174, 178
historical research on
18, 20–21, 23
ideals of
66, 80, 90–96, 100, 192
of civility
23–24, 66, 80, 91–96, 100, 171
joyfulness promoted by
131–132, 139
leadership of
humanist
281
inversion principle applied to
133
office holders
160
religious
31, 70, 72
reputation of
150–151
royal protection granted to
238n59
rules of
78–79, 87
sociability of
5, 22, 106, 169, 172, 176–177
structure of
77–78, 92
survival of
16–17
training of speech skills/rhetoric in
91–96
wealth and status of
16, 17
women members of
194–198, 341–354
exclusion of
19, 77–78, 144
performative literary texts
11, 29, 31–33, 63–64, 143, 150, 162, 216
dialogues in
33–36, 209, 211, 225
digital copies of
309
illustrations in
49, 52–62, 244–245, 266n15, 269–270, 271–272
manuscripts of
29, 31, 51, 63, 167, 211–212, 216–217, 266, 272, 304–305
paratextual elements in
23, 30, 43–52, 63
performative features in
30, 63–64
preservation of
166–167
printing of
194–195, 260–261, 289–290, 328–329
accounts of literary events
1–2, 50–51, 167–168, 302, 332
impact of
7, 13, 296
involvement of literary performers in
215, 244, 267, 269, 283, 302–304, 305–308, 338–339
production of
66, 84–89
prose
37, 39–40, 172
as research source
6, 10, 12, 14, 31–32, 162–163
textual features of
33–43, 63–64
performativity
5, 23, 42, 63, 329
personifications
41, 43
Pertcheval, Jan
233–234, 236
Petrarch, Francesco
106, 115
Pétremol, Louis
282
Peutinger, Konrad
252, 257
Philip II (king of Spain and Portugal)
222, 287, 289, 324
Philip III (king of Spain)
227n19, 329, 333
Philip IV (king of Spain)
318
Philip of Cleves
215
Philip the Good (duke of Burgundy)
133, 214, 219, 233n29
Philip the Handsome (king of Castile)
178, 214, 215, 231, 233, 243
Philip of Orléans
204
Philippe de Croÿ
214, 215
Picot, Émile
268n20
Pietershof (Haarlem)
286, 287
Pigouchet, Philippe
269
Pindar
296
Plantin, Christophe
303, 305
Platonic Academy (Florence)
179, 253
playfulness
benefits of
107–108, 119–120
in learned societies
190–191, 192–193, 254
in performative literary culture
15, 17, 172, 190–191, 192–193
in university life
312
plays
.
see theatre plays
playwrights
156, 157, 218
women
195
Pléaide poets
176
Pleij, Herman
53, 86, 88n80, 107, 240, 245n84
Poemata (Douza)
293
Poemata (Rouxel)
166
poetry
comic
276, 278
contests
1–2, 85, 131, 152–153, 191, 274, 275–276, 281
career impact of
148, 152–153, 275, 276, 330–335
dating of
207–208
debate
34, 35, 219, 220–221
devotional/religious
42
dialogues in
209, 211, 225
didactic
212, 244–245
erotic
258
joyfulness created by
131
love
42, 87–88
manuals/rules for writing of
83, 92, 93, 95–96, 108, 163–164
mixed with prose
336–337
performative
87, 206, 208, 210–211, 213, 218, 219, 221, 233–234, 243–246, 254, 327, 328–329, 332, 334
praise
275–276, 330
and rhetoric
92–93
stanzaic
39
teaching of
210
poets
careers of
in Antiquity
145–146
impact of contests on
148, 152–153, 275, 276, 330–335
performers
81, 156–157, 207
schools for
130
women
194–195
poets laureate
250
polemical texts
42
Polo, Gaspar Gil
223
Pomponio Leto, confraternity of (Rome)
69, 99, 100, 179
Pontano, Giovanni
114–115, 118, 122
poor relief
.
see charitable work
popular culture
172n4
performative literary culture as part of
18, 172, 199
Portrait of a Young Man (painting, Petrus Christus)
58, 59
El Prado de Valencia (Mercader)
227n19
pragmatic elements in performative literary texts
40–42
praise poetry
275–276, 330
preservation, of performative literary texts
166–167
Prevenier, Walter
74n19
printing
of acrostics
44, 47
impact of invention of
7–8, 22, 165, 174–175
of performative literary texts
194–195, 260–261, 289–290, 328–329
accounts of literary events
1–2, 50–51, 167–168, 302, 332
illustrations
53, 57–60, 244–245, 269–270, 271–272
impact of
7, 13, 148, 296
involvement of literary performers in
215, 244, 267, 269, 283, 302–304, 305–308, 338–339
private collections of performative literary texts
13
prize questions
173–174
prizes at literary contests
234
processions
238, 239
of carnival
.
see carnival celebrations/ processions
professional entertainers
81n47, 84
professionalization of academies
186–194
prognostications joyeuses tradition
279n17
prognostications by Sireulde
278–279
propagandist texts
42
props, use of
41
prose
102, 168
mixed with poetry
336–337
for performative texts
37, 39–40, 172
prosimetrum texts
34–35, 40, 64, 219
proverbs, use of
42–43
Prudentius
262
Psalms
265, 266
pseudonyms, use of
332, 334
public events, presentation of associations at
78
public space, performative literary events in
29, 78–79
publicity, in oral societies
8–9
publishers, authors as
270–271, 272
publishing industry, in France
278
purity of Virgin Mary, praise poetry for
275–276
Puteanus, Erycius
159–160, 174n7, 190, 315–323
Puy of the Immaculate Conception (Rouen)
274, 275–276, 283
Puy of the Poor (Rouen)
281, 282
Puys
2, 18, 39, 71, 80, 206, 283
audiences of
98
city representation by
98–99
criticism on literary culture of
176
emergence of
74, 75
joyfulness promoted by
131, 132–133, 139
leadership of
77n34, 281
in London
71n11, 75, 99
statutes of
118, 126n78
northern
76n25
origins of
155, 156
participants
163–164, 166, 219
Deschamps
207
Molinet
218–219
Sireulde
274, 275–276, 281–282
performances by
79, 86
poetry produced by
83, 85, 86, 87, 88, 93
themes of
160
turning into academies
174
La Quenouille spirituelle (Gringore)
265
Quintilian
117, 124, 130
Rabelais, François
131, 278, 279n17, 284
Ramakers, Bart
xviii, 23
Ratke, Wolfgang
196, 345–347
Raynaud, Gaston
206n5
The Reach of the Republic of Letters (Van Dixhoorn and Speakman Sutch eds.)
ix, xiii, 21, 71
reading
14
and acrostics use
44
silent
194
recognition, of guilds/associations by authorities
76, 97
reconstructionist approaches, to literary performances
33
Rederijkers
.
see rhetoricians, Dutch
Reformation, humour used in anti-Catholic texts in
123–124
refrains, use of
in music/songs
38–39
in poetry
275–276
by rhetoricians
132, 243, 304
refrein contests
301–302
Regimen sanitatis Salernitanum
108–109
Les Registres-matricules de la nation germanique de l’ancienne Université d’Orléans, 1602–1689 (De Ridder-Symoens and Ridderikhoff)
xii
Reid, Dylan
xviii, 23–24, 77n34
relaxation, importance to mental health of
112, 114–115
religion, and laughter/humour
123–124
religious associations/institutions
confraternities
72, 74, 75, 76, 236–238
involvement in performative literary culture
31, 70
religious poetry
42
religious tolerance, as literary theme
291
Renaissance, centrality of Italy in culture of
179
Renaud, Mahieu
212n20
René II (duke of Lorraine)
267n16
René d’Anjou
40
Renée de Bourbon (duchess of Lorraine)
265
reputation
of cities
99
of Milán
223
of Molinet
216, 217
of performative literary institutions and events
150–151
res publica
147
res publica literaria, role of performance in careers in
147–148
Ressource de la Chrestienté (De la Vigne)
40, 44–45
Reuchlin, Johannes
255
rhetoric
chambers of rhetoric
benefits of joyfulness from
112–117, 126–129
humour in
113–114, 122–123
and poetry
92–93
training in/teaching of
210, 321–322
by performative literary institutions
91–96, 168–169
at universities
312, 321–322
vernacular tradition of
2–3, 19, 39, 93, 133, 168
rhetorician culture
311
Dutch
188, 191–192, 309–310
rhetoricians
of cities
228–229, 230–231, 233–234, 236
Dutch
75, 99
see chambers of rhetoric, Dutch
humanist influences on
287, 291
peer review by
82
pleasure/joyfulness promoted by
116, 127–128
poetry by
39, 58, 85, 87, 243–244
social background of
158
tafelspel genre by
41
texts by
printing of
289–290
on urban life
87
women
144, 194–195
festivals
230
French
263
networks of
307
Rhétoriqueurs
43
rhyme
206n5
mnemonic
37, 220
use of
162
Richard of Poitiers
210
Ridderikhoff, Corrie
xii
Rijnsburg
abbey in
299, 300–301
chamber of rhetoric in
300–301
rituals, of urban associations
78
Roccox, Niclaes
306
Roma Illustrata (Biondo)
262
Roman de la Rose
19, 215
Roman de la Rose moralisé (Molinet)
215, 217
Romanus, Aegidius
123
Rome, informal literary groups in
69
rondeau/rondeel song type
38
De Roode Angieren (chamber of rhetoric, Rijnsburg)
300–301
Rotterdam
literary contests in
289, 300, 301, 304
natural philosophy societies in
179
Rouen
Basoche in
280
carnival celebrations in
276–277
printing industry in
274, 284
Puys in
98, 99, 166, 274, 275–276, 281
Rousse, Michel
277n12
Rouxel, Jean
159, 166
royal births
234
Royal College (Paris)
315–316
royal courts, literary performers at
248, 264
royal entries
85, 86, 103
accounts of
230–232, 264, 266
performative literary events at
70, 233
staging/organizing of
82, 230–233, 266, 281, 289
tableaux vivants presented at
231–234, 287
royal protection, granting to performative literary institutions of
238n59
royal weddings
329–330
rubrics, use of
46–49, 209n12, 211
rules
of learned societies
190, 192, 255
for Meistergesang
138–139
for palaestra
321
of performative literary culture
15
of performative literary institutes
78–79, 87
academies
185
for contests/competition
83, 85
for poetry writing
83, 85, 89, 92
of urban corporations/associations
78
Runnalls, Graham A.
81–82n49, 99n117
rural associations
73
Sachs, Hans
137, 165, 189n43
The Safeguard of Society (Barston)
91, 96n108
St Augustine
311
St Cecilia, confraternities of
68n7, 71, 84n60, 132
St Isidore, literary performances in honour of
332–333, 339
St Luke, guilds of
181, 182, 232n21
St Michael (Archangel)
231
St Paul’s Letter to the Romans, versification of
307
St Peter’s Church (Leiden)
294
St Veronica
58
Salinator, Marcus Livius
145
Salmon, Gabriel
265n12
Sandoval y Rojas, Bernardo
330n21
Sannazaro, Jacopo
336
Sant’Agnese confraternity (Florence)
70
Santing, Catrien
ix, xiii, xviii, 24
satire
anti-clerical
124
use of
279, 280n22, 284, 303
virtues of
117
Schäfferey Von der Nimfen Hercinie (Opitz)
348–349
Scheurleer, D.F.
303–304, 310
scholars, exchanges between
184
schools, performative literary culture in
314, 315
Een Schoon gedicht opten name Jesus (Smeken)
243–244
seconde rhétorique tradition (vernacular rhetoric)
2–3, 19, 39, 93, 133, 168
secretaries
325
Sedan, principality of
303
Seneca
315
sermons, joyful
218
Seven Sorrows plays/processions
236–237, 238–239
Seville, justas in
1–2, 4, 140
shooting associations
70
Sidney, Philip
193
Siecten der broosscer nature
52–53
Siena, trumpeter corps of
98n113
signatures, acrostic
269, 270
silent reading
194
Silva de varia lección (Mexía)
140
Silvius, Willem
54, 302, 304, 305, 306, 307
Singschulen (Meistersinger)
136, 137
sinnekens (negative) characters in plays
241–242
Sireulde, Jacques
157, 165, 274–284
Sittenlehr der Christlichen Schule (Ratke)
346–347
Sleiderink, Remco
231, 232, 233n26, 237, 238n57, 239, 241n66, 244
Smeken, Jan (Jan de Baertmakere)
158, 228–246, 292
sociability
benefits of joyfulness to
118–124
learned
176–177, 198
of academies/learned societies
22, 184–185
performative literary
5, 22, 172, 176–177
joyfulness of participating in
106, 169
social events, performative literary culture at
5, 6–7, 8, 9
social harmony ideals, of performative literary institutions
88–89, 95
Sodalitas Litteraria Danubiana
256, 257, 260
Sodalitas Rhenana
248, 257
sodalitates
252, 253–258, 262
academies
Sommelsdijk, chamber of rhetoric in
128
songbooks
49–50
songs
38–39
contests of
71n11, 192
performance of
310
reconstruction of melodies of
50
sources
for historical research, on performative literary culture
6–8, 10, 12–14, 31–32, 162–163
of joyfulness
124–130
Souterliedekens (Psalm Songs)
49–50
Sovereign Chamber (Burgundian Low Countries)
178
Spain
academies in
6, 131, 139, 227, 326–328, 339
justa culture in
2, 131
Spangenberg, Cyprianus
116n37, 129–130
speech
5
elevated
9, 17
training in skills of
91–96
witty
113, 115, 122, 123
Spel op hertoghe Karle, ons Keyser nu es (Smeken)
242–243
Het Spel vanden heilighen sacramente vander Nyeuwervaert (Smeken)
239–241
Spieghel der behoudenessen (Smeken)
244–245
Spieghel der werelt (Heyns)
306
Spies, Marijke
xiii
spirituality, of Meistersingers
138
Sponheim, abbey of
251, 255
standards, of performative literary institutions
83
Stankiewicz, Florine
263, 265n12, 268n19–20
stanzaic poetry forms
39
status of literary performers
17, 19, 148, 151–152, 154–155, 223, 260–262
as amateurs
15, 18, 84, 141, 223
as literati
151–152, 169
Steenbrugge, Charlotte
241n69
Stephansdom (Vienna), Celtis’ grave in
248, 249
stoicism
291
Strietman, Elsa
79n39, 94
Studentes, comedia de vita studiorum (Stymmel)
314
Studio of Florence
179
Stymmel, Christoph
314
subsidies, municipal
97
Supposts du Seigneur de la Coquille (compagnie joyeuse, Lyon)
134
Sutch, Susie Speakman
ix, xix, 65, 96n107
Sweertius, Franciscus
123
symbols
of urban associations
78
use of
98
Symes, Carol
86, 92n93, 93–94, 98n113
tableaux vivants
for processions
238
for royal entries
231–234, 287, 289
Tabulatur (rules for Meistergesang)
138–139
Tacuinum sanitatis
109
tafelspel genre
41
Taillevent, Michault
43
Tainguy, Raoul
211, 212n19
Talesius, Erasmus Quirinius
286
Tammen, Björn
232
Teniers, David (the Younger)
182
Terentius
314, 317
Testament Rhetoricael (De Dene)
45–46, 52
Testament (Villon)
36, 64
textile industry
285
texts
didactic
33–34, 42, 212, 244–245, 313–314, 315
literary
149–150
performative literary texts
reading of
14
transmission of
36
Thasaleiren Bloemken (chamber of rhetoric, Hamburg)
191
theatre contests
50–51, 53, 234
theatre plays
5, 6
comic
.
see comedies
and debates
34
farces
131, 264
of morality
34, 51, 218, 241n69, 265, 271
allegorical
290, 291
musical references in
49–50
mystery
85, 103, 218, 267–268
by performative literary institutions
81–82, 85–86, 288, 290, 291
of Seven Sorrows
236–237, 238–239
of Shrove Tuesday
259–260
themes in
love
88–89
urban life
86
as training tool for civic life
93–94
verse used in
37
theatres, emergence of
187
theatrical culture
in Normandy
266
in Paris
267
performative literary
5, 6, 10
carnivalesque spirit in
15–16
shifts in
186–188
spread of
18
at universities
312, 313–317
theatrical performances
2, 9, 82
authors as actors in
143, 238–239, 267–268, 272, 277
of classical dramas
314–315
didactic and pedagogical value of
313–314, 315
and text illustrations
49, 57
theatrum-mundi metaphor
291
Therence (Vérard)
57
Thiry, Claude
34
title pages
58–60
Toledo, poetic contests in
330–332
tolerance, religious
291
Tolhopf, Johannes
251
Toulouse, performative literary institutions in
97
Tournai, performative literary institutions in
69
trade, and spread of performative literary institutions
75
trading zones
86n68
Traité du ris (Joubert)
112, 126
travesty roles in theatre plays
262, 267
Treaty of Paris (1498)
234n35
Le Tresor immortel trouvé et tiré de l’Escripture saincte (Sireulde)
283
Les Triomphes de l’abbaye des Conards
276–277
Trithemius, Johannes
251, 255
Tritonius, Petrus
259
Le Trosne d’Honneur (Molinet)
219
Trou moet blycken (chamber of rhetoric, Haarlem)
290
troubadours/trouvères tradition, roots of performative literary culture in
155–156
trumpeter corps (Siena)
98n113
Tubalcain (biblical character)
232
Tucher, Sixtus
247, 253
Tugendliche Gesellschaft
.
see Virtuous Society
Ulsenius, Theodericus
257, 260, 261
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
x–xi
universities
18, 73
performative literary culture of
159
debate contests
312–313
theatrical culture
312, 313–317
salaries of professors
329n16
teaching of rhetoric at
312, 321–322
urban corporations/associations
65–66, 72, 73–74, 76–77, 90–91
governmental control of
97–98, 101, 102
ideals of
66–67, 79–80
rules of
78
urban culture/life
84–85, 103
civility concept rooted in
90–91, 95
corporate
65, 72–75, 79, 101–103
of performative literary institutions
65, 72–80, 85–89, 100
theatrical nature of
93–94
urbanity
90n87
of performative literary culture
22, 23–24, 85, 86–87, 155, 162, 173
Ure vander doot (Van den Dale)
57
ushers
274–275
Valencia
academies in
2
kingdom of
222, 223
Valenciennes
literary performances/events in
164, 218
performative literary institutions in
157, 215
Valkema Blouw, Paul
303
Valla, Lorenzo
121
Valladolid
Spanish royal court at
333
university
329n16
Valls, Teresa Ferrer
223–224
values, urban
86
Van Aecken, Cornelis
293–295, 297, 300, 306
Van Berchem, Hendrick
306
Van Berendrecht, Jan Jansz
294
Van Bruaene, Anne-Laure
99, 230n11
Van Coulster, Abel
297
Van Coulster, Johanna
297, 300
Van Coulster family
298
Van Crenenborch, Mathys
307, 308, 395
Van den Berghe, Jan
302, 303, 305
Van den Dale, Jan
57, 158, 307
Van den Vondel, Joost
191n49
Van der Boetselaer, Elburch
299, 300
Van der Laen, Nicolaes
287
Van der Lith, Cornelis Rutghers
191n48
Van der Noot, Thomas
52, 55n74, 60–61n87, 244, 245, 246
Van Dixhoorn, Arjan
ix, x, xix, 24–25, 65, 77–78n34, 79n39, 92n92, 96n107
Van Dompselaer, Johan/Jan
297, 300
Van Haecht, Godevaert
308
Van Heemskerck, Maarten
286, 287, 291
Van Hout, Jan
294
Van Linthout, Janne
235
Van Mathenesse, Johan
297n11
Van Meestal die om Paijs roepen (Jansz)
288
Van Merwen, Symon Fransz
294
Van Styevoort, Jan
243
Van Wyngaerden, Jacob
294
Van Zutphen, Hendrik
298n16
Van Zuylen van Nyevelt, Willem
50
Veere, chamber of rhetoric in
167, 183
La Vega del Parnaso (poetry collection)
335
Veltman, Lenny
293n1, 303n36, 309n57
Vérard, Antoine/Anthoine
53, 57, 215
Vergier d’Honneur (anthology)
57
vernacular culture
18–19
humanist promotion of
319
joyfulness promoted in
116
of learning
20–21, 178, 179, 189, 198, 206
literary
157, 212
institutions of
198–199
performative
2–3, 74n19, 99, 173, 198–199, 206
vernacular networks
76
Vernulaeus, Nicolaus
323
verse
formats used in literary competitions
85
use of
36–39, 71, 126
Vie Monseigneur sainct Loys, roy de France par personnaiges (Gringore)
267–268
Vienna
sodalitates in
252–253, 255–256
university
251, 255, 256
wine-festival in
259
Vies des femmes célèbres (Dufour)
56
Villon, François
36, 64
De Violieren (chamber of rhetoric, Antwerp)
181, 303, 306
vir facetus ideal (witty and civilized man)
122–123
Virgin Mary, praise poetry for
275–276
virtue
of performative literary institutions
16–17
Ratke’s ideas on
347, 353
virtuosity, performative literary promotion of
148, 151
Virtuous Society (Tugendliche Gesellschaft, Germany)
144, 185, 196–197, 341, 341–344, 353
book by Von Schwarzberg-Rudolstadt of
347–348, 349–353, 354
Visconti, Jean Galéas (count of Vertus)
203–204
Visconti, Valentine
209
visual culture, familiarity of literary performers with
271, 273
De Vita triplici (Ficino)
110–111, 115–116
Vitalis of Blois
209
Vitéz, Johannes
255, 256
Vives, Juan Luis
112, 126, 140, 222
Vlasman, Pieter
286, 287
Voir Dit (De Machaut)
57, 213
Von Anhalt, Anna Sophia
.
see Von Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, Anna Sophia
Von Anhalt, Joachim Ernst
345
Von Anhalt-Bernburg, Anna
196
Von Anhalt-Köthen, Ludwig
189, 190, 341, 344, 345, 346, 347
Von Birken, Sigmund
193, 196–197
Von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel, Sophia Elisabeth
196n58
Von Bünau, Heinrich
255
Von Dalberg, Johann
248, 254
Von der Musica (Spangenberg)
129
Von Gandersheim, Roswitha
253–254
Von Greiffenberg, Catharina Regina
340
Von Kuntsch, Susanna
340
Von Sachsen-Weimar, Johann Ernst (the Younger)
346
Von Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, Anna Sophia
144, 196, 341–354
Von Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, Carl Günther
345, 347
Von Teutleben, Caspar
345
Von Württemberg, Eleanora
345
Von Ziegler, Christiana Mariana
197
Vossius, G.J.
117n42
Vosterman, Willem
235n40
Vostre, Simon
269
Voyage de Naples (De la Vigne)
57
Wacker (Vigilius), Johannes
255
Waractighe legende van Jan de Witte/Ware legende van Ian de Witte (Fruytiers)
307, 308
Wauters, Alphonse
235n43
way of life, performative literary culture as
15, 19
Ways of Communication: Literary and Learned Societies in Early Modern Europe (meeting, 2008, Wolfenbüttel)
ix, x
wealth, of performative literary institutions
16, 17
weddings, royal
329–330
Western/North-Western Europe
learning culture of
189
literary culture of
3–4
literary performances in
31, 98
Wierix, Johannes
293
Wij, Dirck Claesz
285–286
De Wijngaertrancken
.
see Lieft boven Al
William of Orange
289
Wimpheling, Jakob
255
wine-festival of Vienna
259
winners of contests
2, 132, 281, 301–302
Winston, Jessica
82n49
De Wissel (inn/wine house, Leiden)
293
Withington, Phil
65n1, 90–91, 94n100, 95, 96n108
wits
contests of
1, 321
gatherings of (England)
69n9
De Witte Ackoleijen (chamber of rhetoric, Leiden)
300
witty conversation/speech
113, 115, 122, 123, 172, 319
women
aristocrats
341
as role models
346–347, 353
education of
340
literary performers
144, 194–195, 341–354
members of learned societies
196–197
women-only
197–198
members of performative literary institutions
194–198, 341–354
exclusion of
19, 77–78, 144
women-only
196, 341–342
membership of associations, exclusion of
76
Dwonder dat in die stat van bruesel ghemaect was / Van claren ijse en snee die wel gheraect was (Smeken)
245–246
Worthen, W.B.
32
writers
.
see authors
Wynbeek, Abraham
187–188
Ypres, chamber of rhetoric in
127
Ysenbaert, Henrick
235
Zeeuwsch Genootschap
197, 198
Zesen, Philipp
190, 191–192
zinnespelen (allegorical morality plays)
290, 291
Zumthor, Paul
29