Note on Formal Conventions
This volume generally uses a modified Hanyu pinyin 漢語拼音 system for the transliteration of Chinese names and terms. Exceptions are made for individuals that are better known under an alternative spelling (such as Sun Yatsen) or have their own preferred spelling. For Japanese the revised Hepburn system of romanization is used.
Characters are given in complex (traditional) form throughout.
The contributions in this volume make extensive use of premodern sources. To improve clarity, we have generally used “juan 卷” (lit. scroll) to refer to the sections within premodern works, whereas “volume” refers to individual volumes of modern reprint editions or collectanea (congshu 叢書). Different editions of specific collections, such as the Daoist Canon (Daozang 道藏), are specified in the bibliographies of the individual contributions.
This volume uses the Chicago Manual of Style (16th ed.) with slight variations.