Index
Abel-Rémusat, Jean-Pierre (1788–1832)
10, 14–15, 24, 161–162, 313, 313n12, 315, 319, 320n44, 325
abhidharma
78, 82, 130, 147, 206, 295, 321
Abhidharmakośa-śāstra, see Treatise on the Essentials of Abidharma
abstinence (from alcohol)
195, 198–201
academization of Buddhism
24–28, 126–151, 216–217, 220, 229, 240, 246
Afghanistan
161n21, 324
Africa
288
Āgamas
80, 205
Aiken, Charles (1827–1892)
275
Akamatsu Renjō 赤松連城 (1841–1919)
100, 121n84, 129
alcohol, see abstinence
Alcott, Amos B. (1799–1888)
293
Alexander the Great
275
Alexandria
275–276
see also Egypt, Gnosticism
America, see United States of America
Amida, see Amitābha
Amida kyō 阿弥陀経, see Shorter Sukhāvatīvyūha Sūtra
Amida Sūtra, see Shorter Sukhāvatīvyūha Sūtra
Amitāyur-dhyāna-sūtra, see Sūtra on the Visualization of Amitābha Buddha
Amitābha
7, 54–55, 63, 76, 168, 179, 224, 233n68, 237, 239, 332
Amsterdam, University of
278
Ananda
242
Ananda Metteyya, see Bennett, Charles Henry Allan
Anesaki Masaharu 姉崎正治 (1873–1949)
334–335
Anquetil-Duperron, Abraham Hyacinthe (1731–1805)
328
archeology
21–22, 116, 159, 324, 332
architecture
262, 332
Arnold, Edwin (1832–1904)
273–276
art
22, 207, 255n3, 265, 317, 324, 332
Aryan/Aryans
266–269, 274, 341–344
Asahi shinbun (newspaper)
77n73, 336
Asakusa 浅草
77n73, 101n23, 133
ango 安居
107
Asanga (fl. fourth–fifth century C.E.)
329
Ashoka
314n21, 320, 338
Asiatic Society
9n23, 12, 23, 202n23, 257n4, 287–288, 303, 314, 326n64, 334, 335n95
of Bombay
23
of Calcutta
23, 287
of London
261
of Paris
10, 261, 314–318, 320–322, 329, 335n95, 336n103, 339, 343
Asokārāma Vihāraya
299
astrology
274
Aśvaghoṣa (fl. first–second century C.E.)
223, 230
atheism
78n74, 267, 270, 287n9, 292
Atsumi Kaien 渥美契縁 (1840–1906)
61, 99n15, 108
Avadānakalpalatā
338
Avalokiteśvara
76
Avataṃsakasūtra, see Flower Garland Sūtra
Avesta
263, 340
Awakening of Faith in the Mahāyāna
4n7, 134, 138–141, 223–224, 230–231, 244
Awakening of Faith in the Sutra of Immeasurable Life
225, 237
Aymonier, Étienne (1844–1929)
324
Bagchi, Prabodh Chandra (1898–1956)
331
bakufu 幕府, see Shogunate
Bakumatsu 幕末 period (1853–1868)
67–68, 71n56, 79n76, 94n1, 96, 98, 100n17
Bali, see Indonesia
Bandya, Amrita Nanda (n.d.)
298
Barth, Auguste (1834–1916)
319n39, 320, 324–325, 343
Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire, Jules (1805–1895)
163, 166
Bastian, Adolf (1826–1905)
269, 279
Beal, Samuel (1825–1889)
12, 27, 177–178, 182
Belgium
311n7
Benfey, Theodor (1809–1881)
265, 315n24, 319
Bennett, Charles Henry Allan (1872–1923)
305
Bergaigne, Abel (1838–1888)
318, 321, 324, 338n109, 340, 344
Berlin
160, 165, 177, 203, 259, 263
Bhagavad Gita
274, 288
Bible
50n6, 68, 71, 74–76, 79, 96–99, 105, 111, 175, 200, 230n57, 216n3, 254, 258, 267–270, 274–276, 268–288, 341–342, 344
see also Christianity
Bibliothèque nationale (Paris)
313–314, 320, 343
Bijou of Asia, The
195
Bismarck, Otto von (1815–1898)
270
bitan, see hitsudan
Blavatsky, Helena (1831–1891)
301–302
Boden Professor of Sanskrit
17, 160, 171, 176, 179
see also Oxford University
bodhisattvas
15, 54, 63–65, 73–74, 135, 242
Bohlen, Peter von (1796–1840)
259
bongaku 梵学, see Sanskrit
Bonn
24, 289, 313n16
Bopp, Franz (1791–1867)
259, 313–314, 340
botany
287
Brahmanism
17, 78, 112, 166, 202, 232, 241–242, 256–258, 262, 265, 268, 278, 288–289, 296, 339, 342–343
Breslau
293
Bṛhatkathāmañjarī
337
Bridgnell, William (1800–1858)
84
Britain, see England
Buchanan, Francis (1762–1829)
258, 260
Buddha
6–7, 10–17, 54, 63–65, 68, 72, 76, 79–83, 85, 104, 107, 116, 128–130, 134–137, 146–147, 150, 156, 162–163, 166–168, 181–182, 185, 202, 209–210, 216–217, 222–224, 226, 231, 234–239, 242–245, 257–261, 263–279, 284–297, 301–303, 316, 320, 323, 338
biography of
18, 244n93, 278, 285–286, 292, 294–295, 297
Buddhist Catechism (1881)
136n28, 161, 285, 301
Bühler, Georg (1837–1898)
272, 333
Bultmann, Rudolf (1884–1976)
216
Bunsen, Christian Karl Josias von (1791–1860)
255, 263, 265–271
Bunsen, Ernst von (1819–1903)
274–276
Burnouf, Émile-Louis (1821–1907)
274, 277
Burnouf, Eugène (1801–1852)
8–12, 15–16, 18, 24, 118–119, 128, 157–167, 172n59, 173, 258, 260–262, 271, 285, 290–293, 298, 313–316, 319–320, 328, 340–343
Burnouf, Jean-Louis (1775–1844)
314
Burma
9, 17–18, 269, 272, 278, 286, 290, 295, 299, 314
Buschmann, Eduard (1805–1880)
262
Cambodia
6, 324
canon
8, 11, 18, 22–23, 134, 148, 157, 160, 166–167, 173, 177, 180, 193, 202–205, 210–211, 217, 224–225, 227, 229, 231, 232, 234, 237, 239, 272–273, 285–286, 291, 303–304, 314–315, 330
Catalogue of the Chinese Translation of the Buddhist Tripitaka
177, 180, 205, 335
Catholicism
49, 54, 57, 68–69, 72–74, 76–77, 81, 96, 107, 112, 265, 270–271
see also Christianity
causation
as doxographic principle
127–128, 147
in anti-Christian polemics
49, 82–84
Ceylon, see Sri Lanka
Chamberlain, Houston Stewart (1855–1927)
178n88, 278
Chandragupta (fl. third century BCE)
338
changsong 唱誦, see chanting
chanting
232
Charter Oath (1868)
94, 98
Chavannes, Édouard (1865–1918)
21, 323
Cheontae sagyo ui 天台四教儀
142–145
Chézy, Antoine-Léonard de (1773–1832)
24, 314, 340
Chikazumi Jōkan 近角常観 (1870–1941)
66, 328
Childers, Robert C. (1838–1876)
293, 298
China
6–7, 17–18, 21, 48n1, 61, 66, 71–72, 75–76, 80, 96, 99, 128, 130, 156, 159n13, 168–169, 177, 183, 216–218, 220, 226n37, 227, 229, 231, 233–237, 245n95, 246, 269n48, 275, 278, 287, 310, 317, 321–323, 325–326, 339
China Institute of Inner Learning (Zhina Neixue yuan 支那内學院)
219n12
Chōshū 長州
94, 100
Christianity
1, 17, 47–60, 64–76, 79–81, 84, 86, 96–101, 105–108, 111–118, 120, 129, 168–170, 175, 196–198, 200, 211, 216, 254, 265–271, 274n64, 276–279, 291–294, 301, 342
anti-Christianity
49, 52, 75n69, 86, 96–97, 100, 120, 272, 278, 303
Catholicism
49, 54, 72–77, 81, 96, 107, 112, 265
hidden Christians
48, 57
in Japan
47–60, 66, 76, 86, 96, 98–101, 113, 120–121, 170, 197, 211
Protestantism
21, 48–49, 53–57, 66–68, 70–73, 76, 84–85, 96, 112, 168, 270, 278, 291, 303, 341
theology
14, 23, 254, 256, 263, 265, 270, 276–277, 287
see also Bible, Jesus Christ
chūdō 中道, see middle way
Chulalongkorn, King (1853–1910)
273, 300, 304
see also Thailand
Chūō kōron, see Hanseikai zasshi
Civic Rights Movement
194
civilization
94, 186, 197, 201, 207, 310, 318n34, 344–345
clergy
24–26, 70, 101, 108, 119, 131, 133, 142, 199, 205, 221, 226, 270, 272, 275, 300, 321
Clough, Benjamin (1791–1853)
8
Colebrooke, Henry Thomas (1765–1837)
23–24, 256–257, 288–289
Collège de France
10, 24, 160, 170, 172, 298, 310–316, 319, 323–325, 328, 335, 339–340, 342–344
colonialism
27–28, 185, 254, 279, 303, 324
and Buddhist studies
6–7, 23–24, 28, 255, 272, 279, 290–291
British
6, 255, 273, 286–291
Japanese
28
Portuguese
6–7, 287
Columbus, Christopher (1451–1506)
72
common Buddhism
131
comparative method
10, 12–13, 22–24, 67, 107, 120, 127n2, 167, 177, 202–203, 205, 209, 211, 314, 318, 325, 340
Confucianism
63–64, 69–72, 75, 81, 96–99, 108, 112, 120, 129, 132, 134, 169, 175, 194, 218n11, 221, 224–226, 235, 244, 317
see also three teachings
Confucius Sinarum philosophus (1687)
7
Congrès International des Orientalistes (1873)
102
consciousness-only
81–83, 130–131, 146, 148, 206, 238, 239–246
conservatism
142, 234, 243–246
conversion
1, 72, 77, 222, 259, 277, 338, 344
cosmology
64n36, 71, 82, 297, 300
counter-culture
263, 271–278
Courant, Maurice (1865–1935)
325
Creuzer, Friedrich (1771–1858)
257–260, 263–266, 275
Csoma, Sándor Kőrösi (1784–1842)
11
cultural brokers
186
Dacheng qixin lun 大乘起信論, see Awakening of Faith in the Mahāyāna
Dahlmann, Joseph (1861–1930)
278
daijō hibussetsu ron 大乗非仏説論, see theory that the Mahāyāna was not really Buddhism
Daijō kishin ron 大乘起信論, see Awakening of Faith in the Mahāyāna
Daikyōkō 大教校
25, 130–131, 149
Daming sanzang shengjiao mulu 大明三蔵聖教目録, see Catalogue of the Chinese Translation of the Buddhist Tripitaka
danka 檀家
53
Dasabalasūtra
323
Da Tang Xi Yu Ji 大唐西域記, see Great Tang Records on the Western Regions
Declining Dharma, see mappō
degeneration of the Sangha
222
Dejima 出島
50
Demiéville, Paul (1894–1979)
310n4, 312n11, 321n50, 323, 330n77, 335–336
demythologization
216, 241, 246, 300
in Western Buddhist studies
12, 216, 220, 296
in True Pure Land school
25–27, 53–54
Deussen, Paul (1845–1919)
23, 172, 203, 269, 271
Dhaka
344–345
Dharmagupta
232
Dharmapāla, Anagārika (1864–1933)
20, 168, 195, 241n86, 301, 303–304
dhāraṇī
224, 330–331
Diamond Sūtra
11, 162, 176, 182–184, 232, 243
Diderot, Denis (1713–1784)
7
doctrine
6–7, 9, 13–14, 16, 20, 48, 50n6, 51, 54, 62, 72n60, 74–83, 96, 99–106, 110–117, 120n86, 130, 142–143, 146, 148, 163–168, 173, 195, 221n18, 222–226, 236–237, 244, 285, 292, 297, 301, 213–315, 318, 321–322, 326, 331, 340
Dorpat
271
Dreyfus Affair
342
Durkheim, Émile (1858–1917)
340
Dutch, see Netherlands
Eastern Mahāyāna
19
East India Company
24, 267n41, 288
British
290
Dutch
7, 50
École des langues orientales (Paris)
313, 315–317, 323, 343
École pratique des hautes études (Paris)
316, 321n50, 343
economics
6, 53, 128n9, 186, 204, 328
Edkins, Joseph (1823–1905)
168
Edo Period, see Tokugawa Period
education
24–26, 48, 54, 97, 107, 128–132, 141–142, 149, 165, 171, 175, 194, 197, 218n12, 220–221, 226, 233–237, 240, 266, 300, 305, 312, 316–317, 323
Egyptology
253, 255, 267, 324
Ehrlich, Johann Nepomuk (1810–1864)
270–271
Eitel, Ernest John (1838–1908)
164n35, 177
Ekō 慧晃 (1656–1737)
330
Elias, Norbert (1897–1990)
312, 319
Emerson, Ralph Waldo (1803–1882)
293
Encyclopædia Britannica
16, 164
Encyclopédie (1751–1772)
7, 339
England
5, 26, 52, 66n41, 66n42, 73–74, 94n1, 106, 165, 170, 172, 175–177, 195, 201–205, 218–219, 227, 229–231, 260, 263n26, 267, 288, 326
see also London
Enlightenment
1, 80, 98, 110, 121–123, 198–199, 224, 266, 294–295, 304, 318
entrustment
54
ethics
1, 12, 69, 75, 112, 136, 164–166, 195–200, 224, 244, 267, 278, 289, 296, 301
evolution
97, 121, 129, 217, 233n68, 242–244, 276, 285
see also science
faith
2, 26, 54, 58, 80, 96, 104, 109n52, 114, 136–137, 157, 168, 183, 194, 197–198, 210, 216, 224, 231, 242, 244–245, 257, 270, 276, 278, 334
Fausbølll, Viggo (1821–1908)
272, 293
Faxian 法顕 (337–422)
10, 161
Feer, Léon (1830–1902)
320, 322, 343
Filon, Marie (1842–1902)
311n8
finances
204, 299
Finot, Louis (1864–1935)
316, 325, 333
Flower Garland Sūtra
80
Foguo ji 仏国記
10, 161
Foucaux, Philippe Édouard (1811–1894)
162, 172n59, 181n101, 261, 311n8, 316, 320
Foucher, Alfred (1865–1952)
316, 324, 336, 344
France
5, 12, 21–22, 52, 93, 102, 105n42, 160, 170, 172–173, 203, 218, 259, 274, 298, 311n8, 317, 318n34, 319, 321, 323–328, 333–334, 340–344
Frazer, James G. (1854–1941)
304
Frederick the Great
264
freedom of religion
29, 86, 97
Fróis, Luís (1532–1597)
6
Fugen 普賢
see Samantabhadra
Fujieda Takutsū 藤枝沢通 (1860–1920)
172, 321–322, 333
Fujishima Ryōon 藤島了穏 (1852–1918)
172–174, 178–179, 321–322, 328, 333, 343
Fukuda Gyōkai 福田行誡 (1806–1888)
77n73, 129
Fukushima 福島 prefecture
132
Fukuzawa Yukichi 福沢諭吉 (1835–1901)
98, 102, 108, 122
fumie 踏み絵
49
Fushimi no Miya 伏見宮family
99
Futsū kyōkō 普通教校
26, 194
gakurin 学林
194
Gans, Eduard (1797–1839)
263
Garbe, Richard (1857–1927)
277
Gauguin, Paul (1848–1903)
1
Gautama, see Buddha
Geneva
311n7
Gennyo 現如, see Ōtani Kōei 大谷光瑩
George IV, King (1762–1830)
288
Germany
5, 102, 105, 160, 170, 202, 204–205, 253, 270, 279, 285, 290, 293, 303, 319, 340–341, 344
see also Prussia
Ghent
311n7
Gifu 岐阜 prefecture
141, 174
Gildermeister, Johann (1812–1890)
259
Gnosticism
274–275
Gogerly, Daniel (1792–1862)
8, 12, 261
Gohōjō 護法場
29, 59n25, 60, 63n32, 129, 175
Gokajō no goseimon 五箇条の御誓文, see Charter Oath (1868)
Gonnyo 厳如, see Ōtani Kōshō
Gooneratne, Edmund R. (1845–1914)
299
Gordon, M.L. (1843–1900)
211
Gotama, see Buddha
Göttingen
172, 319
Great Britain, see England
Great Tang Records on the Western Regions
162
Greece/Greek
257, 263, 272, 274, 276, 289, 319, 322, 324, 338, 344
Groot, Jan Jacob Maria de (1854–1921)
173
Gudō’in 求道院, see Chikazumi Jōkan
Guignault, Joseph-Daniel (1794–1876)
258
Guimet, Émile (1836–1918)
21, 22n71, 172, 317–318, 321, 330n77
Guṇānanda Thera, Mohoṭṭivatte (1823–1890)
300–302
gymnosophists
6
Gyōnen 凝然 (1240–1321)
130–131, 143n51, 178n87
Hackin, Joseph (1886–1941)
334
Hackmann, Heinrich (1864–1935)
278–279
haibutsu kishaku 廃仏毀釈
98–99, 100n18, 197
Hakuin Ekaku 白隠慧鶴 (1686–1769)
132
Hamilton, Alexander (1762–1824)
24
Hanayama Daian 花山大安 (1865–1936)
62
Hannya shingyō 般若心経, see Longer Heart Sūtra
Hanseikai 反省会
195–202
Hanseikai zasshi 反省会雑誌 (= Chūō kōron)
195–212
Hara Tanzan 原坦山 (1819–1892)
26, 109n51, 121n84, 126, 131–133, 139–141
Harada Ichidō 原田一道 (1830–1910)
103
Haraguchi Shinsui 原口針水 (1807–1893)
96
Hardy, Edmund (1852–1904)
277
Hardy, Robert Spence (1803–1868)
8, 160–261, 286, 291–293, 297–300
Harlez, Charles de (1832–1899)
164n35, 311n7
Harnack, Adolf (1851–1930)
271, 277
Harris, Townsend (1804–1878)
51, 56
Harvard University
160
Hasshū kōyō 八宗綱要
130, 142–143, 145, 149, 178n87
Haug, Martin (1827–1876)
267, 272
Hebrew, see Judaism
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (1770–1831)
127, 259, 263–264, 266, 279, 287
Herder, Johann Gottfried (1744–1803)
287
heresy
49, 55–58, 62, 70–71, 77–83, 256–257
Hermes
257–258
Herodotus
257
Hervey de Saint-Denys, Léon (1822–1892)
316, 323
hetu-vidyā, see inmyō
Hevavitharane, Don David
see Dharmapāla, Anagārika
Hibbert Lectures
294, 304
Higashi Fushimi no Miya 東伏見宮 family
99
Higashi Honganji 東本願寺
25, 47–48, 49n3, 54–61, 63, 65n51, 66, 82, 84, 86, 94–107, 118, 129–133, 141–142, 170–171, 175, 204, 219–221, 225–228, 235, 245, 332
Higuchi Ryūon 樋口竜温 (1800–1885)
29, 47–49, 56–57, 60–86, 96
Hīnayāna
16–20, 34, 80, 164, 179, 181, 232, 242, 284–286, 291–293, 303–305, 314
see also Theravāda
Hinduism
1, 17, 22, 108, 156, 256–257, 291, 318n34, 338–345
Hino Gien (n.d.)
194
Hiroshima
194
history
3, 5, 11, 13, 50n6, 61, 76, 95, 107, 116, 128, 130, 144, 157–160, 166, 178–180, 185, 193, 203–205, 207, 211, 217, 220–225, 233n68, 237–238, 241, 245, 253–257, 262–269, 272n59, 278, 287, 290, 296–297, 301–304, 310–312, 319, 328–331, 335, 337–338, 343, 345
hitsudan 筆談
228
Hōbōgirin 法宝義林 (dictionary)
334, 336
Hodgson, Brian Houghton (1800–1894)
9, 14–15, 18, 157, 159, 162n24, 166, 261, 290, 298, 314, 315n24, 320, 339
Hokke kyō 法華経, see Lotus Sutra
Holland, see Netherlands
Hōnen 法然 (1133–1212)
237
Honganji (temple)
54–55
Honganji Branch of Shinshū, see Nishi Honganji
Hōryūji 法隆寺 (temple)
207, 326, 330, 332
Hōshi sōdan 報四叢談 (journal)
94, 95n3, 108–122
Hosokawa Sengan 細川千巌 (1834–1897)
60
Hossō 法相
130, 134, 148
Huayan, see Kegon
Hubert, Henri (1872–1927)
340
Humboldt, Wilhelm von (1767–1835)
253, 258, 261–262, 279
Hume, David (1711–1776)
294
Huth, Georg (1867–1906)
203
iconography
262, 324
idealism
268
Illustrated Scripture of the Jetavana Grove
64
Imaizumi Yūsaku (1850–1931)
317, 321
India
6–7, 10–11, 18, 49, 64, 72, 78, 83, 105–107, 127–128, 130, 157, 162, 165, 167, 169, 177, 180, 186, 193, 195, 224–226, 229, 237–242, 244n93, 257, 260, 262n25, 271, 276–277, 287–289, 296, 303, 310–311, 317–319, 323–328, 330n74, 335, 337–345
in the Japanese imagination (Tenjiku)
64, 72, 78, 83
Indian philosophy
1, 26, 132n19, 134–137, 201–203, 332n84
Indian script
8–13, 15, 18, 82, 107, 139, 157, 160, 171, 181–182, 207, 226, 233n68, 241
see also Brahmanism, Hinduism, Jainism, Sanskrit
India Office
13, 177, 273
Indogerman
257
Indology
26–27, 201, 204, 242, 255–259, 262n25, 263, 267–268, 271, 276–277, 311, 316, 318–319, 322, 326, 335, 338, 340–341
Indonesia
260n17, 261–262, 272n59
Indo tetsugaku 印度哲学, see Indian Philosophy
inmyō 因明
64, 84n91, 175, 240
Inoue Enryō 井上円了 (1858–1919)
97, 121n84, 127, 129, 131, 145n59, 149–151, 331
Inoue Tetsujirō 井上哲次郎 (1855–1944)
97
International Congress on the History of Religions
328
see also Congrès International des Orientalistes (1873)
Introduction à l’histoire du Buddhisme Indien (1844)
10, 128, 157, 261, 315
Iran, see Persia
Ishikawa Shuntai 石川舜台 (1842–1931)
61, 93–109, 117, 121n84, 175–176
Ishikawa Tairei 石川台嶺 (1843–1872)
58, 61
Islam
49, 72–74, 272, 279, 291, 329
Italy
6, 204
Itō Chūta 伊東忠太 (1867–1954)
332
Iwakura Embassy
94, 100–103, 170, 177
Jacolliot, Louis (1837–1890)
277
Jacquet, Eugène (1811–1838)
10
Jainism
9, 257, 291, 299
Jātaka tales
291–293, 338
Java, see Indonesia
Jesuits
1, 6–7, 12, 27, 49n4, 156, 161, 254, 260, 277, 287, 290
Jesus Christ, see also Christianity
68–73, 78, 80, 105, 107, 111, 116, 200, 258, 265, 268–277, 294
Jews, see Judaism
jikken 実験 (experience / experiments)
132, 136–137, 144
Jingang nengduan bore boluomi jing 金剛能斷般若波羅蜜經, see Diamond Sūtra
jiriki 自力, see self-power
Ji’un Onkō 慈雲飲光 (1718–1805)
226
Jiyū minken undō 自由民権運動, see Civic Rights Movement
Jitoku shō 時得抄
133
Jizang 吉藏 (549–623)
81–82
Jizō, see Kṣitigarbha
Jōdo shinshū 浄土真宗
7, 25–26, 47, 52–63, 68–70, 76, 82, 85–86, 94–96, 101, 126, 129, 133, 155, 158, 170, 172, 174, 179, 194–195, 199–200, 204–205, 215, 219, 227, 235–238, 245, 317, 321, 332
Johns Hopkins University
160
Jones, William (1746–1794)
23, 287–289, 340
Journal asiatique
173, 319–320, 322–324, 327, 337
Judaism
71n56, 108, 114, 254, 268, 275, 327, 341–342, 344
Julien, Stanislas (1797–1873)
24, 162, 165, 177, 315–316, 319, 322, 325, 337, 339
jushi, see laity
Kaempfer, Engelbert (1651–1716)
7
Kaigai bukkyō jijō
195
Kaigai senkyō kai 海外宣教会 = Society for Foreign Mission
195
kairitsu 戒律, see precepts
kakure kirishitan 隠れキリシタン, see Christianity, hidden Christians
Kalmyk
10–11
Kamakura 鎌倉 period (1185–1331)
130
kami 神, see Shintō
Kanazawa 金沢
95, 97
Kannon, see Avalokiteśvara
Kan muryōju kyō 観無量寿経, see Sūtra on the Visualization of Amitābha Buddha
Kanrenjō 貫練場
29, 130–131
kaozhengxue 考證學
225n35
Kasahara Kenju 笠原研寿 (1852–1883)
99, 106, 159, 171–172, 174–176, 179, 184–185, 227–229, 231
Kashmir
338
Katō Hiroyuki 加藤弘之 (1836–1916)
26, 131, 133, 142
Kawaguchi Ekai 河口慧海 (1866–1945)
211
Kegon 華厳 school
130, 143, 148, 151, 223n29, 244
Kegonkyō, see Flower Garland Sūtra
Keiō Gijuku 慶應義塾
108
Kido Takayoshi 木戸孝允 (1833–1877)
99, 100n19
Kiel University
172–173, 202
Kern, Hendrik (1833–1917)
182, 272n59
Khmer
324
Kimura Taiken 木村泰賢 (1881–1930)
205–206
Kira Kōyō 雲英晃耀 (1831–1910)
56, 84n91
Kira Yūryū 雲英猶竜, see Seki Shinzō
Klaproth, Julius (1783–1835)
10n25, 159n13, 262
Koeppen, Carl Friedrich (Karl Friedrich Köppen) (1808–1863)
160n14, 253, 255, 259, 262–266, 269, 270–271, 279
Kōgon’in E’nen 香厳院恵然 (1693–1764)
55
kokusui 国粋 (national essence)
197
Komazawa 駒澤 University
26, 134
Komori Sōji 小森宗二 (1804–1862)
132, 138
Korea
61, 68, 77n73, 169, 278, 326
Kṣemendra (c. 990–1070)
337–338
Kṣitigarbha
76, 77n73
Kuiji 窺基 (632–682)
134, 240, 331
Kuki Ryūichi 九鬼隆一 (1852–1931)
317, 332
Kulturkampf, see Christianity, Catholicism
Kusha ron 倶舎論, see Treatise on the Essentials of Abidharma
kyōgaku 教学
59n25, 117, 225, 246n97
Lacôte, Félix (1873–1925)
316n25, 319
Ladakh
11
Lagarde, Paul de (1827–1891)
267, 270
laity
26, 48n1, 53, 56, 61, 68, 77, 81, 103, 108, 134, 149, 170–172, 205, 217–219, 222–225, 231, 235, 241, 245, 300, 302, 304
Lalitavistara Sūtra
162, 181, 261, 273
La Loubère, Simon de (1642–1729)
313
Lamaism
16, 19, 156, 265–266
Lang, Andrew (1844–1912)
304
Lassen, Christian (1800–1876)
8, 10, 253n26, 260, 271n53, 290, 313–314
Latin
260, 314, 318, 324
La Vallée-Poussin, Louis de (1869–1938)
177n86, 311n7
law
24, 52, 112, 287–288, 323, 328, 343–344
League of United Buddhist Sects
129
Leuven
311n7
Leibniz, Wilhelm (1646–1716)
287
Leipzig University
160, 165, 173, 203, 276–277
Lepsius, Karl Richard (1810–1884)
267
Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim (1729–1781)
276
Leumann, Ernst (1859–1931)
172
Lévi, Sylvain (1863–1935)
172–173, 203–204, 310–312, 316, 318–345
Leyden, John (1775–1811)
260
Liang Qichao 梁啓超
218n11
Lillie, Arthur (1831–1911)
275
linguistics
13, 26, 184, 201, 203, 206, 224, 226, 231–232, 259–262, 265, 267, 274
lived Buddhism, see living Buddhism
living Buddhism
160–161
logic, see inmyō
London
13, 127, 151, 159–160, 173–180, 220, 228–230, 261, 284, 290n25, 293, 301, 315n24, 334–335, 340
Longer Heart Sūtra
182
Longer Sukhāvatīvyūha Sūtra
176, 182, 184, 225
Lopez, Donald S.
11–12, 21, 161, 216, 301
Lotus Sutra
6, 10, 105n41, 160, 162–163, 166, 182, 261, 293
Louis XIV, King (1638–1715)
313n15
Lü Cheng 呂澂 (1896–1989)
219n12
Luther, Martin (1483–1546)
258, 274
Lyon
105n42, 172, 317–318, 321n47, 325, 330n77
Macdonell, Arthur Anthony (1854–1930)
176
Mādhyamika
78
Mahabodhi Society
272, 303
Mahāvaṃsa
260, 291
Mahāvastu
320
Mahāyāna
13–14, 157, 223, 229–230, 238–246
as not Buddhism
192, 202–203, 210–211
in Japan
19–20, 28, 128, 134, 151, 158, 183, 192, 202–205, 210–211
in Western scholarship
13–20, 155, 157–158, 161–166, 168, 173, 181–183, 210–211, 217, 232, 285, 291, 315, 329, 334
Maheśvara
49, 78–82
Maison franco-japonaise (Tokyo)
310n4, 323, 330n77, 333n89, 335–337
Majer, Friedrich (1772–1818)
259–260
Manchu/Manchurian
10, 17, 24, 207
Manjuśrī
65
mappō
222, 237–238
Marett, Robert (1866–1943)
304
marriage, see nikujiki saitai
Martin, Samuel Newell (Meng Dingyuan 孟丁元) (1825–1903)
71
Martin, William Alexander Parsons (Ding Weiliang 丁韙良) (1827–1916)
69, 71
Marx, Karl (1818–1883)
263
Matsumoto Hakka 松本白華 (1838–1926)
101, 103, 105, 228n45
Mauss, Marcel (1872–1950)
328n68, 340
medieval Japan
54, 72, 79n76, 237
Megasthenes (c. 350–290 BCE)
338
Meiji 明治 revolution
25, 48, 94, 97, 129, 170, 174, 225, 273
Meiji period
25, 60n27, 62n31, 65n40, 94n1, 97, 99, 118, 120–122, 127n5, 129n14, 149, 196–197, 199, 206, 211, 226, 331n79
Meirokusha 明六社
108–110, 121–122
Meiroku zasshi 明六雑誌 (journal)
108–109, 121, 122n86
Menandros (fl. 2nd c. BCE)
173, 322, 338–339
mercy
208, 224
metaphysics
11, 135, 137–138, 140–141, 147, 150, 164, 166, 224, 238, 244, 294, 321
Metteyya, Ananda, see Bennett, Charles Henry Allan
Michelet, Jules (1798–1874)
258, 342
middle way
127
Milinda, see Menandros
Milindapañha
173, 177n86, 204, 206, 322
Mill, John Stuart (1806–1873)
147
Mind-only school
130, 148, 206
Mindon Min (1808–1878)
269n48
mission/missionaries
1, 6–8, 10, 12, 15, 27–29, 48, 49n4, 52, 56–57, 61, 66, 69–73, 75, 79, 84–85, 94–106, 156, 160–161, 168, 177, 195, 197, 211, 225, 227, 229–231, 235, 254, 260, 262, 277, 286–287, 290–292, 297–301, 313n15, 324–325, 343
Miyake Setsurei 三宅雪嶺 (1860–1945)
142
modernism
5, 12–13, 21n64, 26, 61–62, 97, 118, 126–133, 144–145, 157n7, 159, 163, 169, 192–193, 196, 204, 206, 209, 211–212, 215–221, 232–233, 235, 241–242, 244–246, 269, 288, 295, 301–305
mofa, see mappō
monasticism/monastics
3, 11n34, 22n72, 26, 48, 53–54, 77, 134, 218, 222–223, 236, 290, 299–300, 302, 305
Mongkut, King (1804–1868)
300, 304
Mongolia
10–11, 15–18, 162, 203, 207, 258, 284, 286
Monier-Williams, Monier, see Williams, Monier
monotheism
9, 14, 47, 49, 77–78, 84, 86, 267, 304
moral, see ethics
Moses
258
Müller, Friedrich Max (1823–1900)
12, 17–18, 21, 23–24, 26, 117–119, 155, 157–159, 165–186, 192, 201–205, 210–211, 219, 227–228, 231–232, 272, 263n26, 267, 275, 290, 321, 326–327, 330n75, 333, 340
Müller, Niklas (1770–1851)
260
Munich
319
Murakami Senshō 村上専精 (1851–1929)
1–2, 127–131, 149–150
Muryōjukyō 無量寿経, see Longer Sukhāvatīvyūha Sūtra
Musashino 武蔵野 University
193n3, 197
Musée Guimet, see Guimet, Émile
music
64, 287
Myanmar, see Burma
Myōnyo 明如, see Ōtani Kōson
mythology
202, 209, 257, 268, 342
see also demythologization
Nagasaki 長崎
50–51, 57, 60, 96
Naiki Ryūsen 内記龍舟 (1861–1922)
235, 237–239, 240n85, 244
Nālandā
64
Nanhai jigui neifa zhuan 南海寄帰内法伝
173, 201
Nanjō Bun’yū 南條文雄 (1849–1927)
18–19, 23n74, 24–27, 61–62, 106, 108, 117, 119, 155, 159, 171–181, 184–186, 192, 194, 201, 204–205, 210, 215, 219–221, 224–239, 244–245, 321, 326, 335
Nara 奈良 period
206–207, 330
Narushima Ryūhoku 成島柳北 (1837–1884)
101, 103, 105, 107
nativism
61, 98, 175, 226
Nepal
9, 11, 15, 17–18, 166, 193, 232, 261–262, 290–291, 298, 309, 314–315, 320, 325, 329, 330n74, 334–335, 337, 339–340, 342
Netherlands
7, 50–52, 173, 178, 204, 255–256, 262, 272n59, 287
see also East India Company, Dutch
Neumann, Angelo (1838–1910)
271
Neumann, Karl Eugen (1865–1915)
271–273, 279
Newar Buddhism
298
New Buddhism (shin bukkyō 新仏教)
27n81, 86, 94n2, 95, 99n14, 100n17, 105, 108, 119, 208–209
nibbāna see Nirvana
Nichiren 日蓮 school
25–26, 69–70
Niebuhr, B.G. (1776–1831)
258, 261
Nietzsche, Friedrich (1844–1900)
269, 271, 282, 287
nikujiki saitai 肉食妻帯
70, 199, 200n17
Nirvana
104n38, 122n86, 136, 146, 164, 166–167, 292
Nishi Amane 西周 (1829–1897)
109–110
Nishi Honganji 西本願寺
25, 54, 59, 94, 96, 99–105, 130, 170, 172, 194, 195n6, 205, 321, 326–327, 333
Nordic Mythology
263–264
Northern Buddhism, see Mahāyāna
Notovitch, Nicholas (1858–1916)
275
Numa Sōjun 沼僧淳 (1853–1927)
176
nyoraizō 如来蔵, see tathāgatagarbha
Odin
258
Ogurusu Kōchō 小栗栖香頂 (1831–1905)
28, 178n87, 227, 235, 237
Olcott, Henry Steel (1832–1907)
136, 161, 195, 285, 301–302, 304
Oldenberg, Hermann (1854–1920)
172, 202, 273–274, 276, 285–286, 295–297, 304
Oltramare, Paul (1854–1930)
311n7
orientalism
2, 4–5, 19n61, 21, 23, 27, 102, 118, 156n4, 157–158, 161, 167, 169, 171n55, 172–173, 177, 185, 192, 253–256, 260n17, 262, 266, 268, 270–273, 274n64, 279–280, 287–288, 291, 297, 310–313, 314n21, 316, 320, 324, 327, 345
see also Said, Edward
originalism
16, 116, 128, 157, 161–162, 164–165, 167–169, 183, 185, 199, 216, 224, 231–238, 241, 244, 257, 268, 270, 286, 288–289, 294, 297, 300, 303, 326
Ōtani Branch of Shinshū, see Higashi Honganji
Ōtani Kōei 大谷光瑩 (1852–1923)
59, 66, 96, 99–100, 175, 226, 228n45, 333
Ōtani Kōshō 大谷光勝 (1817–1894)
59
Ōtani Kōson 大谷光尊 (1850–1903)
133, 333
Ōtani University
25, 61–63, 71n56, 129n14, 141, 234n72
other-power (tariki 他力)
54
Ōuchi Seiran 大内青巒 (1845–1918)
108
Ouyang Jingwu 歐陽竟無 (1871–1943)
245
Ouyi Zhixu 蕅益智旭 (1599–1655)
232
Oxford University
17–18, 24, 117–119, 159–160, 165, 171, 173–177, 179–180, 183, 196, 201–202, 204, 219, 221, 228, 231, 321, 327, 333, 335
pagan religions
73n64, 74, 264
Palestine
276–277, 342
Pāli
8–20, 23, 78, 106, 127n2, 128, 157, 164, 173, 178, 181–182, 185, 193n4, 202–208, 210–211, 217, 232, 259–261, 272–273, 277, 284–286, 290–291, 293–300, 303–304, 312–315, 320, 322, 327, 334, 339, 343
Pāli Text Society
2, 9, 202, 284, 292n38, 293, 295, 298–299, 301–303, 334n93
Panchatantra
265
Paramārtha
223
Paris
102–103, 105n42, 106–107, 159, 165, 172–173, 228, 261, 289, 310, 313–318, 321–328, 331–335, 339
see also Collège de France, Sorbonne
Patna
298
patriotism
77, 227, 327–328
Pelliot, Paul (1878–1945)
334
Peng Jiqing 彭際清 (1740–1796)
225, 232
Persia
267, 274–275, 328
pessimism
77, 222, 268
Petitjean, Bernard-Thadée (1829–1884)
57
philhellenism, see Greece
Philippines
72
philology
modern
8–10, 20–22, 27, 107, 157, 160–161, 167, 169, 178, 180, 184–186, 201, 206, 217, 219, 221, 239, 246, 256, 259–260, 262–263, 269–270, 302, 315–316, 318, 320, 326
premodern
27, 185–186, 226–227
philosophy
Buddhist
1, 11, 26, 78, 104n38, 121n84, 126–129, 134, 136–137, 160, 165–167, 196, 201, 203, 216n3, 238, 240, 243, 246, 261, 289, 292, 294, 301, 323, 332n84, 339
Western
97, 121n84, 122n86, 127–128, 137, 145, 147–148, 150, 160, 165, 276
Pictet, Adolphe (1799–1875)
274
pilgrimage
53n14, 240, 272, 323, 331, 339
Piper, Reinhard (1879–1953)
272
Pischel, Richard (1849–1908)
273, 278–279
polemics, see Christianity, anti-Christianity
politics
6, 14, 77, 85, 100–101, 113, 122, 155, 186–187, 194, 204, 220, 235, 264, 269, 279, 311, 313n14, 324–325, 328
polytheism
304
Poona
273
Portugal
6–7, 287
positivism
105, 259, 263, 280, 285, 294, 297, 304
postcolonialism
2–3
precepts
198–200
Prinsep, James (1799–1840)
314
Profound Meaning of the Three Treatises
81–82
proselytization, see mission/missionaries
Protestantism, see Christianity
Prussia
93, 263–264, 266, 316, 319
psychology
269, 295
Pune, see Poona
Pure Land 浄土 (denomination)
7, 25–26, 47, 52–55, 58–61, 63, 68, 70, 72, 75n69, 76, 82, 85–86, 94, 96, 108, 129, 130, 133, 158, 168, 174, 182, 200, 210, 219, 224–225, 229, 232, 237, 239, 244, 332
Qisong 契嵩 (1007–1072)
134
Queyroz, Fernão de (1617–1688)
7
race
40, 185, 257, 341
racism
40, 254, 257, 274, 278, 341
Rask, Rasmus (1787–1832)
260
reform of Buddhism
18, 25, 49, 53, 61, 66, 79n76, 86, 99, 107, 131, 144, 149, 166, 168, 171, 175, 195, 197–198, 206–209, 211–212, 218, 219n14, 220, 224, 227, 235, 240–241, 245–246, 266–268, 273, 299–300, 302–305
Reformation
256, 258, 261, 263–265, 267, 300
Régamey, Félix (1844–1907)
317
Reichikai 令知会 (journal)
127n4, 146, 150n69, 228
revival, see reform of Buddhism
Renan, Ernest (1823–1892)
105–106, 261, 270
Rhode, J.G. (1762–1827)
259–260
Rhys Davids, Caroline A.F. (1857–1942)
8, 293, 295, 297, 305
Rhys Davids, Thomas W. (1843–1922)
8–9, 16–17, 19, 24, 164, 173, 202, 210, 273, 284–286, 292–298, 303–305, 334
Richard, Timothy (1845–1919)
178, 230
Rigveda
107, 227
Risshō 立正 University
310n1
rites/ritual practices
12, 21, 25n76, 49, 54, 75, 79n76, 112–116, 118, 158n9, 169, 198, 254, 261, 275–276, 288, 291, 295, 298n71, 301–305
Ritter, Carl (1779–1859)
257, 259, 268
Ritter, Heinrich (1791–1869)
258
Roman alphabet
233n68
Romanticism
256–260, 263, 266, 274–275, 279, 288, 303
Rosny, Léon de (1837–1914)
102–105, 118, 170, 317–318, 332
Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, see Asiatic Society
Russia
16, 21, 51–52, 195, 275, 295, 336
Russo-Japanese War
278, 333
Ryōchikai (journal)
see Reichikai
Ryūkyū 琉球 Kingdom
51
Saddhānanda, Nedimāle (n.d.)
299
Saeki Kyokuga 佐伯旭雅 (1828–1891)
206
Said, Edward (1935–2003)
2, 21, 254, 285, 287–288
Sakata Kan’ichirō 坂田乾一郎 (1850–?)
103, 105
Śākyamuni
12, 63, 65, 68–69, 72, 76, 134, 136, 185, 204–205, 207, 222, 226, 229, 237–239, 244n93
Salisbury, Edward E. (1814–1901)
160
samādhi
80
Samantabhadra
65
Samantapāsādikā
202
Sāṁkhyakārikā
206
Sangha Act (Siam, 1902)
300
Sanjō Sanetomi 三条実美 (1837–1891)
99
Sanlun xuanyi 三論玄義, see Profound Meaning of the Three Treatises
Sanron gengi 三論玄義, see Profound Meaning of the Three Treatises
Sanskrit
229–234, 238–241, 244
letters, see Indian script
studies in early modern Japan (bongaku 梵学)
27, 169n49, 226
studies in Europe
4, 8–9, 11–13, 15–18, 20, 23–24, 26, 61, 106–107, 128, 157, 159, 162, 164–168, 171–173, 175–180, 182–185, 201–208, 210–211, 217, 219, 221, 224, 227–228, 234, 256–257, 261, 271n53, 272–274, 276, 285–291, 293–295, 298–299, 303, 310, 312–316, 318–323, 325–327, 329–334, 338–340, 343–344
Satō Issai 佐藤一齋 (1772–1850)
132
Satsuma 薩摩
93–94
Saussaye, Daniel Chantepie de la (1848–1920)
178
Schlegel, August Wilhelm (1767–1845)
24, 259, 289
Schlegel, Friedrich (1772–1829)
14n42, 24, 257, 266, 274, 289
Schmidt, Isaak Jakob (1779–1847)
10, 14–16, 162n22, 258–259
scholarly persona
4, 170–171
scholiast
9, 27, 130, 133, 142, 206, 223, 225–227, 231, 236–237
Schopenhauer, Arthur (1788–1860)
1, 159n13, 160, 203, 255, 260–261, 263, 265–272, 276n70, 279, 287, 289
Schroeder, Leopold von (1851–1920)
268n45, 271, 275, 277–278
science
5, 12, 95, 97, 104, 108, 110, 112, 115–120, 132–133, 136–137, 141, 144, 147, 150, 196, 218–220, 240, 270, 278, 300, 304, 316–317, 321, 326–328, 334, see also evolution
sectarianism
12, 25–27, 128–131, 142, 149–151, 194–195, 204–205, 225, 236–237, 239–240
secular/secularization
1, 3, 12, 25–27, 66, 97, 108, 109n52, 119, 121, 130, 147, 224, 240, 245, 288
seishinshugi 精神主義
49
Seki Shinzō 関信三 (1843–1880)
60–61, 66, 86, 101
self-power (jiriki 自力)
54
Semites
40, 267, 269–270, 274, 278–279, 342, 344
see also Judaism
Senart, Émile (1847–1928)
319–320, 324–325, 334, 343–344
Sendanrin 旃檀林, see Komazawa University
132
sermon
217
Seydel, Martin (1871–1934)
276
Seydel, Rudolf (1835–1892)
269, 275–277, 279
Shaku Sōen 釈宗演 (1860–1919)
158
Shaku Unshō 釈雲照 (1827–1909)
79n76, 129
Shanghai
228n45
Shanjianlu piposha lun 善見律毘婆沙論
202, 206
Shimaji Mokurai 島地黙雷 (1838–1911)
3n5, 52n13, 97, 100, 102–111, 118, 121n84, 133, 171n55, 317n29
shin bukkyō 新仏教, see New Buddhism
shinbutsu hanzenrei 神仏判然令
98
shinbutsu shūgō 神仏習合
98
Shingon 真言
79n76, 130, 143n51, 148n68, 169n48, 206, 330
shinjin 信心, see entrustment
Shinkenjuku 慎憲塾
97–99
shinnyo 真如, see suchness
shinnyo engi 真如縁起
148–150
Shinran 親鸞 (1173–1263)
53, 55, 108, 199–200, 205, 237
Shinshū, see Jōdo shinshū
Shintō 神道
48, 58, 61, 63, 69–73, 77n73, 86, 98, 100, 110–111, 120–121, 169, 171, 330
Yoshida 吉田
108
Ise ryōbu 伊勢両部
108
Shogunate
29, 49, 51–52, 56–57, 65, 77, 94, 101n23, 221
Shorter Heart Sūtra
182
Shorter Sukhāvatīvyūha Sūtra
176, 182, 184, 321
Shoshū dōtoku kaimei 諸宗同徳会盟, see League of United Buddhist Sects
Shōwa period
193
shūgaku 宗学
27, 130, 225
Siam
17–18, 269n48, 272–273, 290, 298, 300, 304–305, 313
siddhaṃ
82, 330
Siddharta, see Buddha
Sijiao yi 四教義
142
Śikṣānanda
223
Singhalese
22, 259–260, 285, 291, 293–294, 297, 301
see also Sri Lanka
Sinnett, Alfred Percy (1840–1921)
161
Sinology
10, 27, 160–161, 173, 177, 323
Sishi’er zhang jing 四十二章經, see Sūtra in Forty-Two Chapters
social reform
192, 195, 208–209
socialism
274, 278
Société asiatique
10, 314–322, 329, 339, 343
Société d’éthnographie
103n36
Sonoda Shūe 薗田宗恵 (1863–1922)
333
Sorbonne
172, 318–319, 325, 327–328
Sōtō Zen 曹洞禅, see Zen
Sōtōshū daigakurin 曹洞宗大学林, see Komazawa University
134
South Asia
21, 85, 193, 204n32, 255, 258, 260n17, 262, 265, 269, 286, 291, 297–300, 303–305
Southern Buddhism
13, 17–18, 38, 161–162, 285–286, 291–293, 303–305, 314
Specht, Edouard (1843–1906)
173, 177n86, 322, 333, 339
Sri Lanka
and Buddhist studies
8–9, 17–20, 84, 211, 232, 241, 260, 272, 285–286, 298–299, 301, 304, 314
and Japan
18–19
British on
8–9, 23, 49, 84, 285, 291–295, 298–300
Buddhist revival on
195, 273, 286, 300–304
Portuguese rule of
6–7
see also Singhalese
Stanley, Arthur (1815–1881)
176
Strauss, David Friedrich (1808–1874)
270, 274
study abroad
171, 194, 204, 210, 228
Stuhr, P.F. (1787–1851)
258–259, 263–264
suchness
origination
127, 140–141, 146–149
as doxographic principle
127, 136, 148
Suematsu Kenchō 末松謙澄 (1850–1920)
228
Sumaṃgala Thera, Hikkaḍuvē (1826–1911)
300, 302
Summary of Scriptural Truth
71
superstition
7, 106, 150, 163, 209
Sūtra in Forty-Two Chapters
159, 162
Sūtra on the Visualization of Amitābha Buddha
183, 201
Sutta-Nipata
273
Suttapiṭaka
17, 291, 293
Suzuki Daisetsu 鈴木大拙 (1870–1966)
2, 158
Switzerland
204, 311n7
Tagore, Rabindranath
335
Taiping rebellion
223
Taishō edition of the East Asian Buddhist canon
22–23, 148n67, 173, 192–193, 205, 210–211
Taishō period
193, 211
Taixu 太虛 (1890–1947)
245
Takakura gakuryō 高倉学寮
25–26, 55, 96, 129, 141, 174–175, 221n18
Takakusu Junjirō 高楠順次郎 (1866–1945)
20, 23, 26–27, 126–131, 173–174, 179–186, 192–198, 201–212, 323–324, 326n66, 332–337
Taki Genken 多紀元堅 (1795–1857)
132
Tan Sitong 譚嗣同 (1865–1899)
218n11
Tang dynasty
64n36, 162, 230
Tani Ryōnen 谷了然 (–1918)
99
Tanimoto Tomeri 谷本富 (1867–1946)
138, 141
tariki 他力, see other-power
Tartu, see Dorpat
Tatsuyama Jiei 龍山慈影 (1837–1921)
60
tathāgatagarbha
139
temperance, see abstinence
Tendai 天台 school
80, 130, 142–143, 148, 151, 236, 244n93
Tenjiku 天竺, see India
textuality
5–6, 9, 11, 15, 21–22, 25, 27, 66, 130–131, 145, 148–149, 157, 185, 217, 227, 285, 288–291, 295, 304, 330
Thailand
6, 286, 299–300, 313
see also Chulalongkorn, King
The Eastern Buddhist (journal)
2
theology, see Christianity
theory that the Mahāyāna was not really Buddhism (daijō hibussetsu ron 大乗非仏説論)
210–211
Theosophy
136, 161, 195, 272, 274n64, 285, 301–302
Thera, Dhammakityabhidhana
299
Theravāda
8, 16, 22, 49, 84–85, 181–182, 232, 242, 285–286, 291n31, 305
see also Southern Buddhism
Thomas, Edward J. (1869–1958)
334n93
Thoreau, Henry David (1817–1862)
162–163, 293
Tiandao jingyao 天道鏡要, see Summary of Scriptural Truth
Tiantai, see Tendai
this-worldliness
69–70, 200
three teachings
169
Tibet/Tibetan
10–11, 17, 156–157, 159, 162, 181n101, 203, 207, 211, 224, 233, 259, 275, 261, 278, 285–290, 311n8, 312–316, 320, 322–323, 343
Tipiṭaka, see Tripiṭaka
Tissa, Sumana (n.d.)
299
Tokugawa period
25, 27, 48, 50–55, 68, 75, 96–101, 119–121, 132, 169n49, 206, 221, 226–227
Tōkyō
1–2, 24, 77n73, 99, 109n53, 129, 133, 141, 178, 197, 317, 323, 330–337
Tōkyō Imperial University
1–2, 24, 26–27, 128, 131, 133–134, 137–138, 141–143, 148–149, 206–207, 234n72, 323, 335, 336n101
Tongwen yuntong 同文韻統
224
Transcendentalism
130, 160, 162, 293
translation
8, 10–12, 51, 71, 84, 96, 99, 102–103, 105–107, 111, 118, 120, 136n28, 139, 156n3, 159–162, 163n29, 166–167, 171, 173, 176–184, 193n4, 195, 201–203, 205–206, 208, 210, 216n3, 222–226, 228, 230–232, 239–241, 254–265, 267, 272, 274, 279, 284–285, 287–291, 295, 299, 293, 295–296, 298, 303, 314n21, 315–316, 320–323, 325, 327, 329–331, 339–340
Treatise on the Essentials of Abhidharma
82, 130n15, 147, 175, 206
Treaty of Amity and Commerce between America and Japan (Treaty of Kanagawa) (1854)
51, 93
Tripiṭaka
17, 177, 180, 202n23, 300, 335
True Pure Land school, see Jōdo shinshū
tsūbukkyō 通仏教, see common Buddhism
Tsuda Mamichi 津田真 道 (1829–1903)
122
Tsunemitsu Tokunen 常光徳然 (n.d.)
195
Turnour, George (1799–1843)
10, 291
Tylor, Edward Burnett (1832–1917)
304
Ui Hakuju 宇井伯寿 (1882–1963)
206
Umegami Takuyū 梅上澤融 (1835–1907)
100, 103
Unnānse, Yātrāmulle (n.d.)
298
United Kingdom, see England
United States of America
1–2, 27, 47–52, 55–57, 65–66, 69, 72, 93–94, 97, 99, 101, 107, 110–111, 115, 118, 160, 162, 170, 195, 211, 230, 285, 293, 303, 312n11, 342
University College London
160
Upanishads
181n100, 193n4, 339n116
Upham, Edward (1776–1834)
260
Urakami 浦上
57–60
Valignano, Alessandro (1539–1606)
6, 75n69
Vasilyev, Vasily Pavlovich (1818–1900)
16
Vasubandhu (fl. fourth–fifth century)
82, 206, 321, 329
Veda
78n74, 107, 180, 202, 256, 263, 265, 267n41, 271, 288, 310, 318, 340–344
Veeck, Otto (1860–1923)
276–277
Vidyodaya Piriveṇa
302
Vienna
271–272
Vimalakīrti nirdesìa
134–135
vinaya
9, 202, 273
Vinayapiṭaka
17, 181, 293, 296
Vishnu
338
see also Hinduism
Voltaire (1694–1778)
268
Wagner, Richard (1813–1883)
1, 186, 261, 269
Weber, Friedrich Albrecht (1825–1901)
293
weishi, see consciouness-only
Wilkins, Charles (1749–1836)
288
Williams, Monier (1819–1899)
17, 20–21, 164n35, 171, 176, 179
Windisch, Ernst (1844–1918)
277
Winternitz, Moriz (1863–1937)
201
women’s education
197
World Parliament of Religions (Chicago, 1893)
19, 158, 303
world religion(s)
3, 48, 72, 112, 131, 156n4, 158, 179n90, 184–185, 255, 257, 301
World War I
309, 311, 337, 341, 344
Wotan
258
Wukong (730–after 790)
323
Wuliangshou jing qixin lun 無量壽經起信論, see Awakening of Faith in the Sutra of Immeasurable Life
Xia Zengyou 夏曾佑 (1863–1923)
241
Xiashan 遐山
242
Yale University
160
Yamada Akiyoshi 山田顕義 (1844–1892)
103
Yamada Tadazumi 山田忠澄 (1855–1917)
321, 330
Yang Wenhui 楊文會 (Yang Renshan 楊仁山, 1837–1911)
18, 29, 215–246
Yasuda Minori 安田登 (1862–?)
273n60
Yijing 義浄 (635–713)
201, 322, 331
yinming 因明, see inmyō
Yogācāra
134, 218n11, 240, 245
Yokohama 横浜
56, 69, 96, 175
Yomiuri shinbun 読売新聞 (newspaper)
332
Yoshitani Kakuju 吉谷覚寿 (1843–1914)
26, 126–131, 141–151
yuishiki, see consciouness-only
Yunqi Zhuhong 雲棲袾宏 (1535–1615)
224
Zen 禅
7, 26, 109n51, 130–134, 138, 142, 150, 158, 161n20
Zend Avesta, see Avesta
Zhixu, see Ouyi Zhixu
Zhina Neixue yuan 支那内學院, see China Institute of Inner Learning
Zhiyi 智顗 (538–597)
80, 142
Zhong tianzhu shewei guo qiuyuan si tujing 中天竺舎衛国祇洹寺図経, see Illustrated Scripture of the Jetavana Grove
Zoroastrianism
274