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This article chapter provides an overview of major political developments, socioeconomic-economic trends, and issues of regional importance in Eastern Africa during the year under review. It describes the strategies and economic recovery trajectories in the second year of the Covid-19 pandemic. Overall, economies in the sub- region showed promising signs of recovery, while conflict dynamics, especially across the Horn of Africa, contributed to growing instability. The article chapter also evaluates the state of democracy and elections, the state and causes of armed conflicts, ecological issues, and challenges related to regional economic integration.
Comoros covers domestic politics, foreign policy and socioeconomic developments in the calendar year 2021. Increasing public sector expenditure and the public health emergency continued to affect economic performance, albeit less severely than in the first year of the pandemic. Political trajectories were still shaped by the controversial 2018 referendum and the 2019 presidential elections, which put president Azali Assoumani into power until 2024. The space for the opposition and free speech remained limited, including growing restrictions on press freedom. Migration, maritime security, and the threat of climate change defined Comoro’s foreign policy agenda.