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Gegenstand des Beitrags ist der Einsatz von Geschichte bzw. „Erinnerung“ in den politischen Reden des demokratischen Athen der Epoche der Klassik (5./4. Jh. v. Chr.). Die Redner vor der Volksversammlung und den Geschworenengerichten verwendeten Vergangenheitsbezüge, um damit ihre Argumentation zu unterstützen. Die Instrumentalisierung dieser Exempla war dabei nicht auf bloße Topoi ohne tiefere Bedeutung beschränkt, vielmehr wird deutlich, rückt man den Wissens- bzw. Erwartungshorizont der Zuhörerschaft in den Mittelpunkt, dass die Argumentation nur funktionieren konnte, wenn sie vom Publikum auch verstanden und akzeptiert wurde. Im Mittelpunkt steht damit das überaus dynamische soziale bzw. kommunikative Gedächtnis und dessen Bedeutung im klassischen Athen, das, wie die neuere Forschung betont hat, noch wesentliche Eigenschaften einer „oral society“ aufwies. Besonderes Interesse gilt dabei der Frage, zu welchen Umdeutungen der Geschichte es nach der Katastrophe des Peloponnesischen Kriegs kam, welche Zielsetzungen mit diesen verbunden waren und inwieweit dies Rückschlüsse auf die Wahrnehmung der Gegenwart im Verhältnis zur ‚glorreichen‘ Vergangenheit erlaubt.
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Erinnerung
The Role of Transparency in First Personal Knowledge
Author:
Self-knowledge and self-deception present fundamental problems and puzzles to philosophy of mind. In this book accounts of both phenomena are systematically developed and defended against classical and recent views. The proposed 'cognitive ascent model' offers an explanation of the intuitive peculiarity of self-knowledge as well as of the reach and limits of our epistemic privilege. The model builds on a general transparency principle for attitudes. Transparency can be the key to a genuinely first-personal knowledge of attitudes to the extent that someone’s having a certain attitude is to be identified with his attributing a value property to an intentional object. The offered view rejects the strategies of inner sense, parallelism and constitutivism. Paradigmatic self-deception, rather than being a failure of recognizing one’s own mental states is a failure at the level of metacognitive control over belief-formation. Self-deceptive beliefs are formed or maintained against criterial evidence via pseudo-rational adaptations in belief-systems.
The Role of Transparency in First Personal Knowledge
Author:
Self-knowledge and self-deception present fundamental problems and puzzles to philosophy of mind. In this book accounts of both phenomena are systematically developed and defended against classical and recent views. The proposed 'cognitive ascent model' offers an explanation of the intuitive peculiarity of self-knowledge as well as of the reach and limits of our epistemic privilege. The model builds on a general transparency principle for attitudes. Transparency can be the key to a genuinely first-personal knowledge of attitudes to the extent that someone’s having a certain attitude is to be identified with his attributing a value property to an intentional object. The offered view rejects the strategies of inner sense, parallelism and constitutivism. Paradigmatic self-deception, rather than being a failure of recognizing one’s own mental states is a failure at the level of metacognitive control over belief-formation. Self-deceptive beliefs are formed or maintained against criterial evidence via pseudo-rational adaptations in belief-systems.