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Abstract
Vegetal architecture, also known as Astwerk (literally “branch-work”) spread since the middle of the 15th century until the first two decades of the following century all over Europe. Efforts to interpret this phenomenon, however, have remained focused on the North European examples. The analysis of the extraordinary building of the Colegio of San Gregorio (Valladolid, Spain) shows how Astwerk in Castile was shaped both by the concrete ideas that related architecture and nature in the writings of Seneca, but also as a reflection of the first impressions of Europe’s encounter with the New World, where, as first reported by Columbus, the forces of nature and technology were viewed through startling and new lens.
Abstract
In the early modern period, the dogma of the Immaculate Conception was intensely defended by Spain, its cult even turned into a symbol of the Catholic Monarchy. However, in its earliest stage, the Spanish campaign in support of the Immaculate was immersed in controversy: some of the people promoting it were accused of not having a “pure” Old Christian ancestry. This article reads the origins of the Immaculate debate against the background of social ideas of purity and contamination.
Abstract
In the early modern period, the dogma of the Immaculate Conception was intensely defended by Spain, its cult even turned into a symbol of the Catholic Monarchy. However, in its earliest stage, the Spanish campaign in support of the Immaculate was immersed in controversy: some of the people promoting it were accused of not having a “pure” Old Christian ancestry. This article reads the origins of the Immaculate debate against the background of social ideas of purity and contamination.
Abstract
In the early modern period, the dogma of the Immaculate Conception was intensely defended by Spain, its cult even turned into a symbol of the Catholic Monarchy. However, in its earliest stage, the Spanish campaign in support of the Immaculate was immersed in controversy: some of the people promoting it were accused of not having a “pure” Old Christian ancestry. This article reads the origins of the Immaculate debate against the background of social ideas of purity and contamination.