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  • Author or Editor: Guus Kroonen x
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In Germanic, the Proto-Indo-European accusative of the feminine demonstrative, i.e. *, emerges in two different forms: Gothic versus Old Norse and Old English . Since PIE * regularly gives *ō in Germanic, it is usually assumed that the reflex developed out of * through an unstressed stage. But this view was recently questioned by Peter Schrijver. He argued that the merger of *ā and *ō was forestalled in North West Germanic by a tautosyllabic nasal, and that therefore must be regular. This solution seems to be contradicted by Faroese, however, where the demonstrative form is . This may continue an Old Norse variant with a short vowel, and thus seems to indicate that PNWGm. indeed developed out of * through an unstressed form, viz. *.

In: Amsterdamer Beiträge zur älteren Germanistik
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The Germanic languages, which include English, German, Dutch and Scandinavian, belong to the best-studied languages in the world, but the picture of their parent language, Proto-Germanic, continues to evolve. This new etymological dictionary offers a wealth of material collected from old and new Germanic sources, ranging from Gothic to Elfdalian, from Old English to the Swiss dialects, and incorporates several important advances in Proto-Germanic phonology, morphology and derivation. With its approximately 2,800 headwords and at least as many derivations, it covers the larger part of the Proto-Germanic vocabulary, and attempts to trace it back to its Proto-Indo-European foundations. The result is a landmark etymological study indispensable to Indo-Europeanists and Germanicists, as well as to the non-specialist.
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Abstract

Building on an earlier proposal that the Proto-Indo-European mediae go back to earlier pre-glottalized nasals (Kroonen 2018), several Indo-Uralic cognates are presented here in which the Proto-Indo-European mediae seem to regularly correspond to Uralic nasals, supporting their pre-glottalized nasal origin. Moreover, it is argued that the postulation of pre-glottalized nasals for pre-Proto-Indo-European can explain the shape of the numeral ‘20’ as attested in several Indo-European languages.

In: The Precursors of Proto-Indo-European
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In: The Proto-Germanic n-stems
In: The Proto-Germanic n-stems
In: The Proto-Germanic n-stems
In: The Proto-Germanic n-stems