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Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic revealed the extent to which the frameworks for international cooperation were fragile and could not be taken for granted. Among various sectors that were affected by the pandemic when such cooperation is most needed, challenges encountered by international cruise ships, such as the Diamond Princess and the Westerdam, showed how the UN system frameworks were fragmented as well as designed from a state-centric perspective, privileging national security over human security. A human security lens may be the most useful to appreciate the full scale of human suffering to best understand the impact of this global pandemic so that we can improve upon the current international rules, regulations, and systems of cooperation.