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The profound spiritual and cultural implications involved in the dramas of the Yuan Dynasty (Yuan Chao 元朝 CE 1271–1368) are related to the existential formation of Buddhism in a special way. For a long time, researchers have paid little attention to this essence. This article attempts to have an insight into the relationship between Yuan dramas and Buddhism
It is a cross-disciplinary journal dedicated to promoting the study of Chinese overseas. It publishes research articles, empirical reports, theoretical essays, and book reviews on topics and issues relevant to Chinese overseas and their communities throughout the world. It examines “Chineseness” in its many forms and diverse settings and contributes to diaspora studies, transnational studies, and research on people of Chinese descent and their communities in specific national settings.
JCO’s Board of International Advisors and Editorial Board are drawn from multidisciplinary fields including history, anthropology, sociology, geography, political science, and cultural studies. Since 2015, JCO has been listed in the Web of Science New Edition (NE), Emerging Sources Citations Index, and Scopus.
We welcome contributions that employ quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods as well as historical and comparative approaches. All manuscripts must be submitted online for peer review at www.editorialmanager.com/jco.
For editorial matters, please contact jco@ntu.edu.sg
*JCO was published by National University of Singapore Press from 2005 to 2008, and has been published by Brill since 2009. The Lee Foundation (Singapore) provided crucial funding to help cover JCO’s publication costs between 2016 and 2018.
《海外华人学报》（Journal of Chinese Overseas）是由南洋理工大学华裔馆与博睿出版社（Brill）联合出版的英文学术期刊，同时也获得世界海外华人研究学会（International Society for the Study of Chinese Overseas）支持。学报一年两期，主编为刘宏（南洋理工大学）与周敏（加州大学洛杉矶分校）。
学报为致力于促进海外华人研究的国际跨学科学术期刊。内容包括研究论文、实证研究、理论研究以及书评，主要涉及世界各地有关海外华人及其社区的议题，在多元环境下通过多种形式探讨“华人性”，为离散华人研究、跨国研究，以及在特定国家背景下对华裔及其社区的研究作出贡献。
学报拥有一个跨学科、跨领域的国际顾问团和编辑委员会，成员涵盖历史学、人类学、社会学、地理学、政治学和文化研究等领域的各地专家学者。
自2015年起，学报收录于Web of Science New Edition (NE)，Emerging Sources Citations Index以及Scopus三大数据库。
学报欢迎投稿，来稿将进行匿名审稿。凡经学报发表之文章，文责由作者自负。
投稿网址： www.editorialmanager.com/jco
编务相关事宜，请联系：jco@ntu.edu.sg
*《海外华人学报》在 2005-2008年期间由新加坡国立大学出版社出版，自2009年起由博睿出版社出版，2016-2018年获得李氏基金关键资助。
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China is believed to have gained immensely from its admission into to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001. One of the direct gains comes from the lessening of deadweight loss (DWL) due to tariff reduction. Conventional measures for DWL, however, are too aggregate to capture the trade policies, which are determined at a much higher disaggregated level, and ignore the interactions between tariff and corresponding import demand as suggested by theories. In this paper, we first systematically estimate the import demand elasticities at a highly disaggregated level and then match them with the most detailed lines of the applied tariff for the most favored nations as reported by the WTO. Using the detailed matching data, we construct Feenstra’s (1995) simplified trade restrictiveness index (TRI), which captures the covariance of tariff and the corresponding demand elasticity. Finally, we use the TRI to compute the DWL from1997 to 2008 and find that the DWL due to the tariff barrier was reduced to 0.73% of GNI in 2008, noticeably lower than the highest previous mark of 4.58% of GNI in 2001.
Abstract
The genus Pseudostegana is revised, with descriptions of 20 new species from Southeast Asia: P. angustifasciata Chen and Wang, sp. n., P. atrofrons Chen and Toda, sp. n., P. bifasciata Chen and Toda, sp. n., P. bisetosa Chen and Toda, sp. n., P. curvata Chen and Toda, sp. n., P. dactylis Chen and Toda, sp. n., P. dolichopoda Chen and Wang, sp. n., P. hamata Chen and Toda, sp. n., P. latifasciata Chen and Toda, sp. n., P. leptoptera Chen and Toda, sp. n., P. melanogaster Chen and Toda, sp. n., P. melanopogonias Chen and Toda, sp. n., P. myrmecoformis Chen and Toda, sp. n., P. nitidifrons Chen and Wang, sp. n., P. nitidiventris Chen and Toda, sp. n., P. orbicapitata Chen and Toda, sp. n., P. oxycephala Chen and Toda, sp. n., P. pallidimaculata Chen and Wang, sp. n., P. philoga Chen and Wang, sp. n. and P. xanthoptera Chen and Wang, sp. n. On the basis of the wing patterns, six species-groups are established: the atrofrons, grandipalpis, fleximediata, javana, latiparma and zonaria groups. A key to the all species of this genus is provided.
Abstract
Organisms living in extreme environments, such as amphibians inhabiting the Tibetan plateau, are faced with a magnitude of potentially strong selection pressures. With an average elevation exceeding 4500 m, the Tibetan plateau is mainly characterized by low temperatures, but little is known about the influence of this factor on the growth, development, and behaviour of amphibian larvae living in this environment. Using a common garden experiment, we studied the influence of temperatures on the early growth and development of tadpoles of the Tibetan brown frog (Rana kukunoris) endemic to the eastern Tibetan plateau. We discovered that temperature had a significant influence on early growth and development of the tadpoles, with those undergoing high-temperature treatment growing and developing faster than their siblings from a low-temperature treatment. However, high-altitude individuals grew faster than low-altitude individuals at low temperatures, while the opposite was true at high temperatures. These results support the temperature adaptation hypothesis, as tadpoles’ growth and developmental rates were maximized at the temperatures experienced in their native environments. These results suggest that variation in ambient temperature, combined with evolutionary adaptation to temperature of local environments, is probably one of the most critical environmental factors shaping altitudinal differences in the growth and development of amphibian larvae on the Tibetan plateau.
Summary
Ground parenchyma cells play a crucial role in the growth and the mechanical properties of bamboo plants. Investigation of the morphology of ground parenchyma cells is essential for understanding the physiological functions and mechanical properties of these cells. This study aimed to characterize the anatomical structure of bamboo ground parenchyma cells and provide a qualitative and quantitative basis for the more effective utilization of bamboo. To do this, the morphology of ground parenchyma cells in Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) was studied using light microscopy and field-emission environmental scanning electron microscopy. Results show that various geometric shapes of ground parenchyma cells were observed, including nearly circular, square, long, oval, and irregular shapes. Cell walls of both long and short parenchyma cells exhibited primary wall thickening and secondary wall thickening, resulting in a primary pit field and simple pits. Most long cells were strip-shaped (L/W = 2.52), while most short cells were short and wide (L/W = 0.59). The proportion of long cells was 11 times greater than that of short cells. Most long cells were filled with starch grains, and some short cells also occasionally had starch grains. These findings allowed the first construction of the three-dimensional structure of parenchyma cells.
Abstract
In January 2019, the People’s Armed Police set up a working group to draft the Coast Guard Law of the People’s Republic of China. The 13th National People’s Congress Standing Committee concluded its twenty-fifth session and scrutiny of this draft law, which officially entered force on 1 February 2021. The Law is divided into 11 chapters and 80 articles, including but not limited to maritime security, maritime crime investigation, use of non-firearm and weapons, and international cooperation. This article outlines and analyses the Law, as well as focusing on its implications as a matter of international law.
Abstract
β-catenin is an important signal transduction protein in the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which is widely involved in the development of animals. However, the role of β-catenin in crustaceans is still unclear. In this study, the cDNA of β-catenin from Exopalaemon carinicauda (Holthuis, 1950) was identified and characterized. The open reading frame (ORF) is 2424 bp, which encodes 807 amino acids containing an N-terminal region of a GSK-β consensus phosphorylation site and a central region of 11 armadillo (ARM) repeats. The tissue distribution showed that β-catenin was highly expressed in ovary, testis, hepatopancreas, heart, and gills. During embryonic development, the transcript of β-catenin was relatively high in the zygote, and the thirty-two-cell stage, blastula stage, gastrula stage, and nauplius stage. The transcripts of β-catenin in haemocytes, gills, and hepatopancreas were significantly up-regulated after infection with Vibrio anguillarum Bergeman, 1909. These results indicate that β-catenin participates in the regulation of embryonic development and in the immune response in E. carinicauda.
Abstract
The effects of ocean acidification on marine organisms are of increasing concern. Exopalaemon carinicauda is an important economic shrimp. However, little is known about the transcriptome data for shrimp in response to seawater acidification stress. In this study, the transcriptome of E. carinicauda in response to seawater acidification stress was recorded using the Illumina RNA-sequencing. A total of 59 990 unigenes from high-quality transcripts were generated. Of all annotated unigenes, 18 386 and 17 681 unigenes had significant matches with sequences in the NR, and GO databases, respectively. A total of 183 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) could be screened, of which 119 DEGs were up-regulated and 64 DEGs were down-regulated. KEGG enrichment analysis showed these DEGs were primarily enriched in the pathways of lysosome, carbohydrate digestion and absorption, apoptosis, and alpha-linolenic acid metabolism. These results indicate that seawater acidification stress leads to the activation of apoptosis and the activity of the energy metabolism system in order to resist the external environmental stress and ensure the continuity of the normal life metabolism, and thus the energy supply of the organism. These data will be helpful to further study the molecular mechanisms of shrimp resistance to seawater acidification stress.