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Abstract
Within the issue of embodiment (Brenzinger and Kraska-Szlenk 2014, Yu 2009, Maalej and Yu 2011, Sharifian et. al. 2008) this paper investigates how THINKING is conceptualised in Hungarian in relation to HEAD, i.e., as represented in the expressions of fej ‘head’ in the Hungarian National Corpus. It is evidenced that, in accordance with the Western tradition, THE HEAD IS THE SEAT OF INTELLECT/THINKING is a significant conceptualization in Hungarian. Within corpus analysis, two main themes are outlined: metaphorical expressions of THOUGHT and those of the activity of THINKING. It is highlighted that there are numerous different types of conceptualizations in Hungarian to refer to thought, each pointing out some distinctive aspect of thought and thinking. It is evidenced that thought can be imagined as either inanimate or animate objects, and in most conceptualizations THE HEAD-AS-CONTAINER metaphor has an overwhelming influence. Within THOUGHTS AS INANIMATE ENTITIES, the basic metaphors are: THOUGHTS AS ENTITIES IN A DRUG STORE, THOUGHTS AS THREADS, THOUGHTS AS MOVING ENTITIES and THOUGHTS AS NOISE/MUSIC, while in THOUGHTS AS ANIMATE ENTITIES are conceived as HUMANS, ANIMALS or PLANTS. It has been shown that thoughts, ideas, data and memories are imagined as entities that exist (or live) in the head.
The second part of the paper focuses on the metaphors of THINKING. Each conceptualizations (THINKING AS CRACKING ONE’S HEAD, THINKING AS A WORKING MACHINE, THINKING AS MARKING A WOODEN BOARD) reflect on different aspects of the intellect. The conceptualizations unfolded can be regarded as cultural conceptualizations (Sharifian 2011, 2017) because they are specific to the cognition of Hungarian people.
Author:
Abstract
This chapter employs a lexical and corpus-based approach to szív ‘heart’ in Hungarian within the framework of Cultural Linguistics. On the one hand, it is argued that the Hungarian cultural model of the heart is primarily related to the emotional domain, where the heart is represented via several image schemas, most importantly, a container, a moving entity (within or outside the body), a living entity, an entity which can be possessed, and an entity with a magnetic power. Along with a wide range of languages in the Western tradition cultures, the heart is primary associated with love and other emotions, such as courage, happiness, sadness, excitement/surprise, anxiety, relief and enthusiasm. On the other hand, further person-bound domains that the heart is extended to include character traits, morality, reasoning and the whole personality. Remarkably, the heart relates to rational activities in different ways, namely guiding or validating reasoning processes including memorising, thinking, understanding, opinion and advice. This usage only unfolds in the corpus-based study of ‘heart’ expressions. The Hungarian cultural model of the heart proves to feature a ‘continuum’ type model integrating the emotional and, to some degree, the rational faculties of human psycho.
Author:
Abstract
The paper explores the status of NATURE metaphors in Hungarian folk songs with respect to their representation and transmission of folk culture and worldview. Employing a Cultural Linguistic analysis, metaphors are observed from three perspectives: in relation to cultural schemas, generic-level conceptual metaphors, and experiential motivation. NATURE metaphors are to a large extent framed by cultural experience regarding their experiential basis, conceptual structure and relation with other cultural conceptualizations.
The ‘Heart’
The book explores the conceptualization of the ‘heart’ as it is represented in 19 languages, ranging from broadly studied to endangered ones. Being one of the most extensively utilised body part name for figurative usages, it lends itself to rich polysemy and a wide array of metaphorical and metonymical meanings. The present book offers a rich selection of papers which observe the lexeme ‘heart’ from diverse perspectives, employing primarily the frameworks of cognitive and cultural linguistics as well as formal methodologies of lexicology and morphology. The findings are unique and novel contributions to the research of body-part semantics, embodied cognition and metaphor analysis, and in general, the investigation of the interconnectedness of language, culture, cognition and perception about the human body.
The ‘Heart’
The book explores the conceptualization of the ‘heart’ as it is represented in 19 languages, ranging from broadly studied to endangered ones. Being one of the most extensively utilised body part name for figurative usages, it lends itself to rich polysemy and a wide array of metaphorical and metonymical meanings. The present book offers a rich selection of papers which observe the lexeme ‘heart’ from diverse perspectives, employing primarily the frameworks of cognitive and cultural linguistics as well as formal methodologies of lexicology and morphology. The findings are unique and novel contributions to the research of body-part semantics, embodied cognition and metaphor analysis, and in general, the investigation of the interconnectedness of language, culture, cognition and perception about the human body.