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Abstract
Berlin accommodated as many as 300,000 Russian refugees in 1923 and, although the Russian population of the city had dropped to 100,000 by 1933, there continued to be a considerable Russian population there after 1933. The Russian diaspora consisted of the White Russian émigrés who hoped and worked for the restoration of the Romanov dynasty, and the “red” vanguard of Soviet Russia posted to Berlin, and nowhere else was there such intense contact between the two camps. They had a huge impact on the cultural life of Berlin, where the restaurant, cabaret, concen and theatre scenes were enlivened by the Russian presence, and Berlin was the largest centre of Russian book and newspaper publishing after Moscow.