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Clear evidence that brings about the conviction that something is true, as well as its ordered presentation. Several qurʾānic terms are used to refer to the divinely provided evidence for God's existence, unicity, power and guidance, and in particular for the truth (q.v.) of his messengers' claims (see messenger ). Among the most common is the adjective bayyina (pl. bayyināt), “clear, evident, manifest,” usually used as a substantive, “clear evidence or proof.” Occurring primarily in Meccan passages (cf. Suyūṭī, Muʿtarak, i, 460-3; see chronology and the qurʾān ), its range of meanings may be illustrated from those cases where it occurs in conjunction with “sign” (āya, see signs ): “clear signs” include evidentiary miracles (q.v.; e.g. q 2:211; 17:101; 28:36), visible reminders of God's guidance and wrath (q 3:97; 29:35; see astray; freedom and predestination; anger) and especially the verses (q.v.) of a revealed scripture (e.g. q 24:1). A messenger comes with bayyināt (q 2:87 is the first of many examples), may be said to be [relying] “upon a bayyina” (e.g. q 6:57), or even himself be a bayyina (q 98:1, 4).