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What is center and periphery? How can centers and peripheries be recognized by their ontological and axiological features? How does the axiological saturation of a literary field condition aesthetics? How did these factors transform center-periphery relationships to the former metropolises of Romance literatures of the Americas and Africa? What are the consequences of various deperipheralization contexts and processes for poetics? Using theoretical sections and case studies, this book surveys and investigates the limits of globalization. Through explorations of the intercultural dynamics, the aesthetic contributions of former peripheries are examined in terms of the transformative nature of peripheries on centralities.
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Abstract

This introduction presents the subchapters dealing with the process of de-peripheralization, i.e., how the various literatures of the Americas and Africa have separated from European centralities, reflects on the factors that influence these processes and consequently differentiate the development of Francophone, Hispanophone and Lusophone areas. These factors include the linguistic situation (including creoles), the structuring of literary fields, historical influences, as well as identity discourses (Bouchard, Gellner, Anderson).

Open Access
In: Centers and Peripheries in Romance Language Literatures in the Americas and Africa
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This subchapter characterizes the deperipheralization dynamics of three American Francophone spaces: Quebec, Haiti, and Martinique, including the fundamental differences among them resulting from anthropological and historical constraints. The analyses trace a number of constants: the evolution of language and authority over language, the building of public institutions (schools and universities, theaters, libraries), the development of magazine and book markets (periodicals, book publishing, criticism), and the impact of deperipheralization processes on aesthetics and aesthetic concepts. In this comparison of these three Francophone literary fields, differences among them are highlighted: Quebec literature has constituted its own centrality and has become a reference absorption point for a number of peripheries; regarding the autonomy of Haitian literature, the field remains somewhat fragmented among Haiti, Quebec, the USA and France; Martinique and Antillean literature, which is asserted mainly within the framework of Parisian centrality as a specific part of the French understanding of Francophonie, appears to be the least autonomous.

Open Access
In: Centers and Peripheries in Romance Language Literatures in the Americas and Africa
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The Introduction sets out the main aims of the book. First, important similar works concerning Romance literatures of the Americas and Africa are highlighted. The research gaps the monograph seeks to fill are laid out, along with theoretical underpinnings as well as methodological correspondences and differentiations. An overview of various center-periphery conceptions (Wallerstein, Casanova, Bourdieu, Moretti, Prague Linguistic Circle) is provided with emphasis on those concerning decentralization and deperipheralization (Appadurai, Ette, Beecroft, Alexander-Hägg-Häyrynen-Sevänen, Nygård-Strang, Dehoux, Juvan). Dynamic transformation models (Grimmeau, Klinkenberg, Even-Zohar, Ďurišin) are outlined, with arguments presented as to the necessity of identifying common denominators among sociological, ideological and poetological concepts regarding an axiological structuring of the literary field (Mukařovský, Jankovič). Finally, an overview of the content of the chapters and subchapters of the monograph is provided.

Open Access
In: Centers and Peripheries in Romance Language Literatures in the Americas and Africa
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This chapter introduces three studies illuminating center-periphery interaction from a centrality perspective. The subchapter on Parisian centrality shows how the exploitation of peripheral elements in struggles within the literary and artistic field leads, in turn, to the valorization of the periphery, by which the center becomes a resonant and fecund space both for action inward (Sartre, Camus, Fanon, Memmi) and outward (Négritude). The second study focuses on the interaction of two literary fields and two centralities—the centralized French space and the polycentric Hispanophone field. The controversial clash that occurred between Octavio Paz and Juan Goytisolo greatly influenced events in Spanish and Hispanic literature, with the dominant central authority represented by the Parisian publishing house Gallimard. The subchapter on Italy is devoted to the reformulation of the national canon and the related transformation of literary criticism and history under the influence of increasing immigration from the former colonies, leading a large segment of Italian-language literature toward transcultural conceptions of creation.

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In: Centers and Peripheries in Romance Language Literatures in the Americas and Africa
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This text represents a short introduction to ten case studies across cultural areas. The issues discussed range from language and biculturalism to the dynamics of center-periphery relationships within national space and globalization.

Open Access
In: Centers and Peripheries in Romance Language Literatures in the Americas and Africa
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This chapter presents basic definitional categories by which to define what is the center and what is the periphery. Certain features are classified as ontological, axiological, and mixed. Center-periphery differences are characterized in an overview through which sets of fluid binaries are specified, exemplified and analyzed: continuity/ discontinuity; stability/instability; advancement/lag; concentration of temporality/negation of temporality; reception/production; self-sufficiency/non-self-sufficiency; this model is supplemented by a brief discussion on axiology. The example of the difference between the axiological structuring (saturation/ non-saturation; exclusion/ inclusion; rupture/ hybridization) of the literary field in French literature at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries (Bourdieu) and a similar historical period in Quebec literature (Biron) shows the main dissimilarities between European (French) centrality and the emerging literatures on the autonomizing peripheries. The analyses presented regarding peripheral axiological structuring at a given stage of development of a literary field may be considered a much needed analytical contribution in terms of understanding the aesthetics of the emerging literatures of the Americas and Africa, i.e., differences between European modernity and non-European modernities, which bear postmodern structural factors based on the origin of their canon. The conclusion of the chapter points to the complexity and relativity of the relations between centralities, semiperipheries, and peripheries (Dehoux, Iuvan, Grimmeau, Klinkenberg, Even-Zohar, and Ďurišin).

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In: Centers and Peripheries in Romance Language Literatures in the Americas and Africa
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This closing chapter highlights a number of points arising from the comparisons and contrasts made in this monograph regarding the different (and as we have seen, intersecting) literary fields and various deperipheralization processes. The issues discussed relate to 1. differences in linguistic differentiation and multilingualism; 2. differences in decolonization and deperipheralization processes; 3. the complex hierarchization of center-periphery relations between/ among cultural complexes; 4. the complex hierarchization of center-periphery relations within cultural complexes; 5. globalization and its relationship to Weltliteratur.

Open Access
In: Centers and Peripheries in Romance Language Literatures in the Americas and Africa