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Mīr Ḥusayn al-Maybudī (d. 909/1504) wrote a Persian treatise on philosophy titled The World-Revealing Cup (Jām-i gītī-numā), in which he provided a survey of the views of recent philosophers on various worldly matters. This work of Maybudī acquired some fame in both the Safavid and the Ottoman empires. This is evident from numerous extant manuscripts of it and from the Persian commentary on it written by the Ottoman scholar ʿUmar al-Challī (fl. 1077/1666). What is more, the text attracted the attention of some European scholars. Sometime after March 1619, a Scottish traveller and Orientalist, George Strachan, who traveled to Isfahan, made an interlinear Latin translation in his own copy of the work. Some years later, a Maronite scholar of Arabic literature, Abraham Ecchellensis (d. 1664), translated the text based on an Arabic version of it available to him, and then in Paris, in 1641, he published the dual Arabic-Latin translation. This article endeavors to demonstrate the significance of this work based on the broad nature of its reception.
Muṣliḥ al-Dīn al-Lārī (d. 979/1572) was a scientist and philosopher of Shiraz in the 16th century who was active as a scholar first in India and then in the Ottoman land. He was a prolific author who wrote works in various fields. Some of his works on rational sciences, which was his main subjects of interests, became textbooks in the Ottoman curriculum. His Samples of the Sciences (Unmūdhaj al-ʿulūm), which was written while he resided in Istanbul and dedicated to the grand vizier Rustam Pāshā (d. 968/1561), demonstrates his intellectual chalanges in twenty-one different desciplines.