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Abstract
Rapid economic growth in China has been accompanied by ever-increasing consumption, waste, and ecological destruction. Green GDP accounting is an important component of green accounting. It includes both resource depletion costs (affecting resources such as soil, minerals, water, forests, grasslands, and fisheries) and costs arising from environmental degradation (costs produced by environmental pollution and ecological damage) to determine the impact of economic development on the environment. Green GDP accounting guarantees sustainable development by emphasizing the integration of various economic, environmental, and social considerations, and the data that measure them. The process used to create the Green GDP Report involves diverse fields of study and research such as economics, statistics, accounting, resource management, ecology, and environmentalism. Green GDP accounting captures short-term trends as well as long-term processes provides a multifaceted, quantitative description of economic, societal and environmental development in a certain period.
This article examines the circulation of medical recipes through vernacular literature and personal networks from the late Ming through the Qing. During this period, vernacular texts played a leading role in circulating practical instructions for everyday healing techniques, especially in the form of recipes. Recipes became a versatile textual form for recording and transmitting experience in quotidian practice. They moved among different genres of texts, providing information about healing, offering advice for entertainment, and delivering moral lessons. Literati sociability as well as philanthropic and religious commitments motivated people of varied social means to distribute vernacular texts bearing healing information to a broad audience. Recipes acquired legitimacy and authority by clearly marking their provenance and thus its relationship to particular social networks and, sometimes, a religious purpose as well.
Creative Environment, Creative Subjects
Approaching the prison as a creative environment and imprisoned officials as creative subjects in Ming China (1368-1644), Ying Zhang introduces important themes at the intersection of premodern Chinese religion, poetry, and visual and material culture. The Ming is known for its extraordinary cultural and economic accomplishments in the increasingly globalized early modern world. For scholars of Chinese religion and art, this era crystallizes the essential and enduring characteristics in these two spheres. Drawing on scholarship on Chinese philosophy, religion, aesthetics, poetry, music, and visual and material culture, Zhang illustrates how the prisoners understood their environment as creative and engaged it creatively. She then offers a literature survey on the characteristics of premodern Chinese religion and art that helps situate the questions of “creative environment” and “creative subject” within multiple fields of scholarship.
Creative Environment, Creative Subjects
Approaching the prison as a creative environment and imprisoned officials as creative subjects in Ming China (1368-1644), Ying Zhang introduces important themes at the intersection of premodern Chinese religion, poetry, and visual and material culture. The Ming is known for its extraordinary cultural and economic accomplishments in the increasingly globalized early modern world. For scholars of Chinese religion and art, this era crystallizes the essential and enduring characteristics in these two spheres. Drawing on scholarship on Chinese philosophy, religion, aesthetics, poetry, music, and visual and material culture, Zhang illustrates how the prisoners understood their environment as creative and engaged it creatively. She then offers a literature survey on the characteristics of premodern Chinese religion and art that helps situate the questions of “creative environment” and “creative subject” within multiple fields of scholarship.
Abstract
Although teacher emotion has been recognized as one important factor affecting teaching, learning, and teachers’ wellbeing, less attention has been paid to its role in school management. As an emotional perspective of explaining organizational behavior, the Affective Event Theory was used to uncover the emotional mechanism of the associations between leader feedback quality and teacher voice behavior. A sample of 491 teachers from 27 primary and secondary schools participated in this study. A moderated mediation model was used in data analysis. The result demonstrated that: First, leader feedback quality was positively associated with teacher voice behavior. Second, teacher positive emotion mediated the relationship between leader feedback quality and teacher voice behavior while teacher negative emotion played a masking effect. Third, leader feedback accuracy moderated the relationship between leader feedback quality and teacher negative emotion.
Compared with prototypical universal quantifiers in other languages of the world, dou in Mandarin Chinese presents more complicated semantic behaviors. One of the most disputed issues is what are the relations between dou expressing “universal quantification” (uq) and dou expressing “scalar trigger” (sca). First-hand data that comes from 40 languages demonstrates that Mandarin Chinese is the only language that employs the same form for “universal quantification” and “scalar trigger”. The empirical evidence strongly suggests that uq dou and sca dou are different, and the two functions uq and sca lack universal conceptual correlations. The special polysemous behavior of Mandarin dou, is proved to come from two language-specific reanalysis processes in dou’s diachronic development which also supports the two-dou claim. The study thus instantiates how a cross-linguistic perspective provides insights to explain long-standing language-particular issues. Besides, it is also argued that the cross-linguistic approach is promising in predicting if a future research is on a right track as it can steer us through overgeneralization and undergeneralization.