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of Ming China’s assertive external initiatives that extended to the east Africa coastline, but because the outdated tributary system was no longer valid. Although many international historians once asserted that after the Zheng He voyages China could no longer “rule the seas”—a view characterized by
littoral subfields marked by reciprocal early oceanic and overland trade. Urban, rural, and maritime based societies; religious networks; and cultural exchanges (Hindu, Islamic, Theravada and Mahayana Buddhism) extended from the coastlines of Africa and the Middle East to and from South, Southeast, and
–157; ‘Publicaties van Pauline Lunsingh Scheurleer’, pp. 158–163. Bhatia, Tej K. & Kazuhiko Machida. The Oldest Grammar of Hindust ¯ an¯ı. Contact, Communication and Colonial Legacy . Research Institute for Languages and Cul- tures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, Tokyo, 2008. Three Volumes
s t e r i t y . 1 London, School o f Oriental and African Studies NICHOLAS SIMS-WILLIAMS NOTE 1 One small linguistic quibble is best relegated to a footnote: Yazdi bdmerd "so-and-so" cannot be from *ndmerd (p. 95 n. 3). I. Gershevitch (apud M. Schwartz, Studies in the Texts of the Sogdian Christians
efforts to reduce hunger, the prevalence of undernourishment is still very high in Southern Asia, closely followed by sub-Saharan Africa and Eastern Asia. Food insecurity or malnutrition is an important constraint to economic and social development of a country. Undernourishment leaves people vulnerable
the Courts of Cambodia (eccc), where the surviving top dk leaders are facing charges of genocide in its case 002/2 80 . Suffice it to say that the apparent disproportionately high death toll among Chams and Chvea was not plainly caused by ethnic hatred, but