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traditionally posed.3 Any study of VM motivated primarily by the desire to answer the traditional Hippocratic question is likely to reach conclusions that are dubious at best. A second characteristic of many scholarly studies of VM is a pre- occupation with the question of influence, whether of philosophy on
idea of necessity as a motivating factor in the development of technology is really implicit in the widespread fifth-century picture of early man living a brutal and savage existence under constant threat from a hostile world and gradually attaining a civilized mode of life. ρεα plays a central role in
help alleviate the difficulties of failing vision and total blindness. Cicero, in his Tusculanae Disputationes, speaks about living a life of happiness, with specific reference to the blind man.90 Cicero notes that one could live, very well and very able, without vision, so long as one had the faculty
-that between season or tempera- ture and age-is very common in later texts and artwork, when four stages of life were firmly associated not only with the four seasons, but with the four humors, and even with four continents.17 The ten- dency to see human life and growth as a microcosm analogous to the
should com- pare in the same discussion of Pelagonius 34.2 'de Labore ... talia eueniunt', 34.3 'qui de l,abore ... supradicta signa habuerit'. In neith- er case is de l,abore motivated by the Greek source. Note too Pel. 196.2 'hoc autem uitium a l,abore contrahitur'. Nimius l,abor, in both Pelagonius
.16–17 = L. 9.100. See Introduction 4. 100 commentary 2 individuals but to groups of individuals. Indeed, by noting that it is in virtue of their forms that splotches of paint resemble living exemplars of the natu- ral kinds, Empedocles appears to be on the cusp of recognizing that a single form is capable
Empedocles claimed (emxyyeA.A.Eu0m) in his poems not only this ability, but many more when he said that (Pausanias, presumably) would learn of the drugs that ward off illness and old age, would manipulate winds and rains, and restore the dead to life; (Satyros in D. L. 8.59 = Emp. On Nature 101
profession that promotes our life and health has grown stronger through these men, most of all". 84 The pessimism he sounded earlier (see above, section 1.4) about the reach of medicine here has yielded to a recognition of the exceptional achievement of the physicians whom he has paraded across the
history of this collection is disputed: according to Athenaios (1.3a–b) Theophrastos’ legatee Neleos sold it to Philadelphos, contra Strabo and Plutarch (Life of Sulla 26). 10 Galen, Commentary on Hippocrates’ Epidemics 3 (CMG 5.10.2.1), who cites as his source medicine in alexandria 245 an arena of
, apparently, to account for the treatise's acceptance in antiquity as a Hippocratic work, Jones speculates that the author, motivated by the 'vanity of the sophists' had donated it to a library associated with the medical school of Cos, a path he believes was also followed by the sophistic authors of On