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bringing parliamentary life to an almost complete standstill for the duration of the war and of governing with authoritarian methods under the protection of censorship and of the Burgfrieden dictate. However, a cautious “reorientation” of domestic politics was to abolish the worst
book, line drawings depict one or two artisans’ intent on their work, surrounded by materials, tools, and finished artefacts. 13 Huet’s photograph supplements this lineage with a quiet mood and the artisan’s loneliness. Interestingly, these last features contrast the reality of life in the Xom Moi
book, line drawings depict one or two artisans’ intent on their work, surrounded by materials, tools, and finished artefacts. 13 Huet’s photograph supplements this lineage with a quiet mood and the artisan’s loneliness. Interestingly, these last features contrast the reality of life in the Xom Moi
social participation. Numerous women started to work but also organized family life, as a majority still faced traditional roles, which did not really burst before the ‘68 movement. Cities and suburbs grew dramatically, changing social structures, neighborhoods, and infrastructure. Allegorically, Richard
politicized in a new way the ordering of the genders. Before August 1914, the assumption in many countries that gender-related patterns of order were apparently intrinsic was brought into question. More and more women were earning a living outside the home. Women and men were more often making a conscious
resistance, some of them at the cost of their life, as in the case of Gabrielle Petit – a 23-year-old woman from Tournai who was shot by the Germans on April 1, 1916, or of Omer Lefèvre – a 38-year-old public telegraph official from Louvain, who was executed on May 15 of the same year. Others helped
manpower as “cannon fodder.” But in the soldiers’ politically motivated revolts against the war and the massive scale of death, the purpose of this interpretation is to describe a real historical alternative to the apparently universal militarization by “total” war. W. Kruse, “Krieg und Klassenheer. Zur
: We are living in a war. The terrible battle of weapons is also a battle of minds. Who could boast (if it were any reason for boasting) of remaining totally at peace in the midst of this battle? Even those not directly involved in the war of weapons, the neutrals, take sides intellectually and morally
seriousness of life.” 41 Unlike plays for older children, these fairy tale plays do not intend to create a particular reaction among the children or to motivate them to actively contribute to the war effort. But Nüdling states in the introduction to his play that “[t]he German youth should learn from the
we should respect the willingness of soldiers, sailors, airmen and others to do their duty even if the wars they fought in might be unpopular. Much of this is motivated by a collective sense of guilt over the postwar mistreatment of Americans veterans once they had returned home. Their fathers and