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However, the low cost of access means that any active and motivated participant within a network, however defined, can directly and freely (at least initially, until the feedback strikes) take the initiative to enter the communications processes which in various ways constitute the essence of the network
modern are- nas of social life. Such cultural politics is generating ‘new Muslim lifestyles and subjectivities’ in the global era.183 Paradoxically, motivating this politics is the belief that in a global 179 Mohamed Arkoun, ‘Islam et laïcité: un dialogue-conflit en évolution?’ in Bistolfi and Zabbal
as a stepping stone and a junction to other destinations. According to Uygur associations in Turkey, more than 300,000 Uygurs have been living in Turkey since fleeing their homeland in the last few decades, an unlikely yet indicative figure.9 8 On the limited access to the Internet in Central Asia
have been this situation of crisis and threat that motivated the creation of Köprülü 01589, as a way to conserve the city’s cultural resources in duplicate, and this situation could also explain why the manuscript left Shiraz early in its existence (on which, see below). 8 The manuscript is deserving
-ḥarb , consider it an undesirable or even theoretically illicit abode for Muslims. They argue that living a life in accordance with Islamic norms and values is in principle incompatible with the legal, political, and social situation in Western countries. Consequently, they also hold that taking citizenship in
-long open service line. It is a great achievement that such a road in extremely difficult terrain provides this high standard for transportation. Less control can be executed when highway robbers and/or politically motivated activists threaten the safety of travel along this only life-line and make use of
ḥawza or a ḥusayniyya (religious seminary and congregation place for ceremonies) in Palestine, which means that Fāṭimid authorities were careful not to impose Shīʿī customs in Palestine, which seems to have had a Sunnī majority. We lack information on the daily life of the medieval Shīʿī communities
most of the Rolwaling population, approximately 85% or more of whom now spend at least nine months outside of the valley. To be fair, the positive benefits of life in Katmandu also presented positive factors which played a large role. These included better schooling for their children, and the fact
. Home clearly included a lived attachment to a particular physical place. Since the 1970s, both archaeologists and anthropologists have been interested in land, or land and its features, landscape, as an area of study. Land can “convey the specific traces of… material life as generations of
the emergence of a bourgeois society motivated landscape planners and architects among other innovators and inventors for the upcoming Industrial Revolution. Wilhelm von Humboldt founded the Berlin University and introduced compulsory school attendance. These events and trends do not explain why at