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non-arts careerists and Drifters’ work histories conforming to the C -sequence. C highlights the ‘experimental’ life style of those who are motivated to do creative work but find out that they cannot make a living from it. In some cases, non-arts jobs are taken out of expediency (e.g., the money
pressure while the marginal artist accepts living a despondent life. Observations on festival workforce from sociological perspectives on work, labor, and professions can be utilized to e-examine this claim, providing insights into the contemporary conditions of professional (and creative) middle classes
central force, which they conceptualize as ‘normative isomorphism’. Boltanski and Esquerre have recently shown for France that the event sector has a labor force of precariously living cultural workers with various degrees of professionality and professionalisms involved ( Boltanski & Esquerre, 2020 , p