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personal and environmental conditions (Schunk & Zimmerman, 2007; Zimmerman, 2000). However, the model does not seek to establish immutable stages, but rather emphasises the optimal sequence of social interactions necessary for learning according to a student’s level of self-regulation in the task in
,680 students. Using the We Write evaluation as a practical case, the four previously described “critical” areas are discussed in theory and practice. The purpose is to heighten awareness of these areas and guide researchers’ future efforts to design and implement rigorous evaluation research on writing
based on the principles of learning by observation from the social-cognitive theory (Bandura, 1986; Schunk, 1991). Extended research in the writing field has shown its effectiveness for improving students’ writing skills, in terms of thewriting process (Braaksma, Rijlaarsdam, van den Bergh, & van Hout
Components Successful writing interventions are built on strong theoretical foundations. Writing interventions, like interventions in any other content area, must first and foremost be grounded in a strong theoretical foundation. Educa- tional intervention research as a whole is driven by diverse theories
, 1989) and the more recent triple word form theory (Richards et al., 2006) emphasize the role of the interrelationships between the different word representations (phonologi- cal, orthographic, semantic, andmorphological) in reading and spelling. Over- 34 wengelin and arfé coming the traditional
thesis University of Amsterdam. Graham, S., & Perin, D. (2007). A meta-analysis of writing instruction for adoles- cent students. Journal of Educational Psychology, 99(3), 445–476. doi: 10.1037/0022- 0663.99.3.445. Reigeluth, C.M. (Ed.) (1999). Instructional-design theories andmodels:Annewparadigm of
on a continuum and speakers are not always aware where on the continuum they are. In theory, there are two ways in which regional origin might have affected the results. The first one is that raters perceive children as less target-like if they come from a different region than they do. The second
adopted in work on multilingualism and ageing, i.e. a generative approach, and a usage-based approach. For the latter, we also include a section on Complex Dynamic Systems Theory ( CDST ), for the study of language development and change. This perspective is important, since it facilitates the merging of
letters from Vaquinhas, addressing not only the issue of CP in Timor but also in Macau (with which he was very familiar, having resided there), Flores and Malacca. The first letter relevant here is classified as anonymous ( hsa nr. B0022) and lacks date and location. However, Vaquinhas was clearly the
integrating knowledge about human personality, it still has not been possible to create a psychological theory similar to that of Einstein’s in physics. The universal theory of human being is waiting to be formulated. If this is the case in the face of a relatively researched and known construct of