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rigorous chrono- stratigraphic reference framework, researchers have re- sorted to the use of typological chronologies which have well-known limitations, particularly for the Lower and Middle Palaeolithic. Located on the edge of the loess belt that crosses Africa, west to east, from Mauritania to Somalia
AD. The site is on the edge of the known distri- bution of several important contemporary archaeologi- cal traditions (Fig. 1). It lies to the east of Zhizo sites in Zimbabwe, Botswana and in the Limpopo valley in South Africa (Fig. 1) dated between the ninth and the beginning of the eleventh
(Tylecote et al. 1971; Prendergast 1974). Nonethe- less, when silica (SiO2) is deliberately added as a flux (as was practiced by the Ba-Phalaborwa people of northern South Africa and the Njanja of east-central Zimbabwe), even pure ores could be exploited with easy (Miller et al. 2001; Chirikure 2006
many years of decline in population. Modern Jenne may have been founded as early as 800 8 A Han Dynasty (206 BC to 220 AD) bead of east or south- east Asian manufacture was found sealed in a second or third Century AD level (MCINTOSH 1998: 160). F. Willett & E.V. Sayre Journal of African Archaeology
identified to be undergoing (or at high risk of) damage. This aspect of the work also relates to a parallel project on Endangered Archaeology in the Middle East and North Africa ( eamena ). Where such damage is confirmed our Moroccan- uk project has engaged with local agencies and interested parties to
Michael Blakey, a leading anthropologist who has conducted extensive research on bioarchaeology in the context of African American history, has stated, “The ethical question around the disposition of African American cemeteries and ancestral remains is not whether they are to be studied or memorialized
Introduction “Gay Free Zone”: in February 2011 street stickers appeared in the East London areas of Tower Hamlets and Hackney which condemned the ‘sins’ of homosexuality and warned of ‘Allah’s punishment’ (Roberts 2011). There was a universal outrage in the London press and media, not to mention in
seem to have belonged to a new trend in north-east Africa. 87 Although their provenance cannot currently be macroscopically confirmed, faceted Sassanian stone beads are known to have been arriving in north-east Africa in the Late Roman and later periods, which is evidenced by the presence of so
-changing differences where each time a new element appears the whole of the ‘commons’ itself re-con- figures. (Sarat Maharaj. Fatal Natalities in Faultlines. Africa Pavilion. Venice Biennale 2003 and the network of Raqs Media Collective.New Delhi. 2002) 0022 This shows up the limits of the ‘plane of tolerance