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organism is a product of evolution. However, this is not to say that the study of the human evolutionary adaptation has become fully integrated within the study of the evolutionary adaptation of other species. The very notoriety of Wilberforce’s question, which survives only as a reported quote and yet has
. For that, cross-cultural adaptations of measurement instruments are indispensable. The Pet Attitude Scale ( PAS ) from Templer, Salter, Baldwin, Dickey, and Veleber (1981) is a scale often used in English-speaking AAI research (e.g., Morgan, 2009) to assess attitude towards companion animals. It
Introduction The work of Matt Andrews on “the limits of institutional reforms in development” ( 2013 ) has started a major debate in the development community about the reasons for the failure of reforms. His proposal for a new approach of doing reforms, Problem Driven Iterative Adaptation
Abstract
In 2014, for the first time in the history of the Union, Member States had to take into account the European elections’ results in the nomination of the President of the European Commission. The procedure limited the European Council’s leverage in negotiating the nomination of the future head of the Commission and created new opportunities for unification and personalization of the European electoral race. Several months prior to the elections, the European party families pointed to potential leaders of the Commission. The nominees for this non-elective position announced however they would be running for the office and would conduct electoral campaigns in all the European democracies. The party-driven strategy challenged the canonical views on the European Commission’s technocratic profile, but at the same time, had the potential to foster meaningful mechanisms of representation. However, in 2019, once the elections were over, most mainstream Europarties, with the assistance of some prominent members of the Council, rapidly abandoned the system altogether. The chapter analyzes the recent failure of the lead-candidate procedure and identifies the Europarties’ process of party adaptation (shaped through party regulations) as a potential cause for such U-turn in the EU politics. The argument comprises two parts. The first part focuses on the 2019 ep elections from the perspective of the Spitzenkandidaten selection process as an intra-party experience. It shows that, despite the fact that the main European party families rapidly embraced highly proceduralized mechanisms of recruitment, candidate selection for the ec’s Presidency had relied on exclusiveness and centralization, favoring pre-existing elite networks at supranational level. The second part aims at deconstructing the Europarties’ organizational features and patterns of party finance, highlighting the accelerated path to bureaucratization and supranational decoupling from national-level politics.
governmentality and its international contexts, but also to present an adaptation of governmentality—labelled developmentality 2 —in order to better analyze issues of development. The necessity for new terminology in this field is debatable. However, it is nevertheless useful to distinguish an ‘analytics of
adaptation to make the system rel- evant to local needs; and • where the technology is appropriated by the community, with atten- tion given to meeting local needs, developing relevant local content, and linking ICT with existing information networks. PGDT_moodley(f4)_1-26 4/29/05 3:09 PM Page 9 10
individual toward new adaptations. Jung's notion of the anima/animus syzygy thus represents a sig- nificant departure from the Freudian account of the unconscious. As such, its critical study by phenomenological psychology is recom- mended. Further, Jung's claim, that the methodology of analytical psychology
that the phenomenon of intelligence emerges. This interaction theory is very similar to phenomenolo- gical analysis. For Piaget, the structure to be investigated is the adaptation of the child to his environment. For phenomenology, this structure is the child's experience of the world. Adaptation is
activity as initiated by stimulation: "Stimulus response theory has treated the nervous system as more or less inactive unless subjected to special conditions of arousal." (Hebb, 1955, p. 244). For example, adaptation is considered to be a change in neu- ral connections, determined by environmental