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glove sparked our interest, which was fueled further by the find of face masks and gloves in bird nests. To place these observations into context we collected all observations of interactions of animal life with COVID-19 litter reported online since the start of the pandemic. For this, we used both
Wcstfalcn \'Ct"schaftc de informatie over de en- quêtc, waarvan een aantal resultaten werd gupuhliccerd door H. Siuts, Biincrlic'lm rnrd .-a rlreit.r- iii IL-i·-rtf?rlerr. Die rrlteu G?,t-iile der rrrtcl deJ LrrnclGrrrzduo·rl?-r rayo-ry?o, !\Iiinster I'.JR2, pp. en Tafel 25. SUMMARY In The Bird Nester
compromised by a variety of environmental factors. We examined the effect of variation in habitat structural complexity on the predatory success of the semi- arboreal gray rat snake ( Elaphe obsoleta spiloides ) foraging for arboreal bird nest contents. Individual snakes searched for nests in enclosures
on predation is high for nests on the ground accessed by both many mammal and bird nest predators but not for nests in trees, which are most easily accessed by bird predators (Haskell, 1994), indicate that mammalian predators are the principal predators that benefit most by using auditory cues on
range and size in towns throughout Southeast Asia (Leh, 2019; Mansor et al., 2020). To date, the population of house-farmed swiftlets is rising rapidly due to their economic importance to bird-nest farmers and the national economy; for example, swiftlet farming has become an objective of Malaysian
. Fifty-three percent of the intruders landing within a meter of the nests were rapists or potential rapists. These intruders remained on the nest longer than did other intruder, and sometimes evoked pecking and attack from the incubating bird. Nest-material stealers (18%) remained on the nest for less
Abstract
The Chinese in Cuba, Trinidad and Tobago, and Panama have had long histories of migration dating back to the nineteenth century, when British and Spanish colonial powers started to bring them to the Caribbean and Latin America from Guangdong province. The primary goal was to provide labor for the sugar cane, guano, bird nest, gold and silver mining, and other industries. In the 1870s, Havana could boast of having the largest Chinatown in the Caribbean, with more than 10,000 Chinese. Today, it has fewer than 100 Chinese Cubans. Trinidad and Tobago’s population of Chinese waned after the nineteenth century, but many Trinidadians have some Chinese ancestry, while Panama currently has the highest percentage (7 percent) of Chinese among Latin American countries. What stories, approaches, and lessons can be learned by comparing their histories to that of the Chinese in the Philippines? More specifically, how are the experiences of the Chinese in these three countries, whether citizen or recent immigrant, similar to those in the Philippines? What can we learn from the scholarship on the Chinese in the Caribbean that can help shape our own research agenda in studying the Chinese in the Philippines? Through a combination of historical and ethnographic research, this essay discusses the ways in which the identities of each Chinese diasporic community are being shaped by local and external forces, including China’s increasing presence in the region. This essay hopes to serve as a guidepost to Chinese diaspora scholars interested in examining further the transhemispheric connections between the Caribbean and Southeast Asia.
-islamitic literature; but in the middle ages its characteristics are very well known; it is known to be fond of building its nest in the foliage of a doleb-palm and of stealing glittering objects, and to exchange its nest and its young for those of other birds, i. e. that it enters other birds’ nests; that is why it