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referred to as state actors, non-state actors and victims, such a distinction does not provide sufficient clarity for examining the peacekeeping dimension of civil wars. Peacekeeping and its concomitant peacebuilding process involve many actors whose roles are often not well-defined. Such actors include
last question, it has been suggested that non-state actors should be assigned a clear role in review processes. 12 The role of non-state actors in international (environmental) review processes has long been acknowledged. 13 In many realms, including the unfccc , they have helped to hold states to
in the status of non-state actors as international persons. Among the international dispute settlement mechanisms, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) presents what are probably the greatest challenges to non-state actors’ participation, since it traditionally rests so heavily on the inter
divisible sovereignty. Its real history is much more complex than that, of course, but there is little doubt that it unleashed a sense of empowerment among what we might today call ‘non-state actors’ in domestic politics. In the international realm, 400 years later the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 ended
A demonstration that ‘it all depends on politics’ does not move one inch towards a better politics. 1 1 Introduction: All Hands on Deck In the post-Paris Agreement era of global climate governance, it has become commonplace to call for non-state actors—particularly corporations—to play a
1 Introduction * Non-state actors are now prominent parties in certain fields of international dispute settlement, most notably in human rights law and in international investment law. Claims by non-state actors (i.e., individuals and sometimes companies) under human rights law have most
one that also includes non-state actors. Some authors have taken small steps in this direction, considering non-state actors, both domestic and external, as partners or interlocutors of the government. This has not, however, meant a significant contribution to the review of public diplomacy’s notion
practice assume that the state is in control and initiates communication aimed at publics, specifically foreign publics. Even with the rise of non-state actors, publics are often assumed to be the targets of public diplomacy. 1 In this state-centric equation between state and non-state actors, the