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This high-usage level and poor ‘end of life’ management of plastic products has led to plastics becoming a major source of global marine pollution. Once plastic particles enter the marine environment, wind and ocean currents disperse them across the oceans. 3 Marine plastics pollution ( MPP ) is an
waters is the oil pollution caused by the innocent and archipelagic sea lanes passage of foreign vessels. Another primary type of marine pollution in Indonesian waters is marine plastic pollution ( MPP ) derived from land and other sources as the result of the increasing economic pressures on the
an illegal transshipment. 2.4 Plastics Just as when UNCLOS was concluded, no one could have imagined the scale of global fisheries trade, no negotiator would have imagined the amount of plastic-based pollution clogging the oceans today. Scientists did not identify the Great Pacific
takes place without scientific evidence of its sustainability. At the very least this is further evidence of the continued rise of the precautionary approach to international fisheries management. 41 In Chapter 11 , Nilüfer Oral explores a third frontier – plastic pollution and the extent to which
Tragedy and Hope - From the Sichuan Earthquake to the Olympics
Editor:
Dongping Yang
This volume of the China Environment Yearbook is the fourth in the seminal series by China’s first environmental NGOs, Friends of Nature. The fourth English translation updates readers on environmentally significant issues of 2008, a year of both tragedy and hope. 2008 was an eventful year that included such setbacks as the Sichuan Earthquake, debilitating snow and ice storms, an algae bloom at the site of the Olympic sailing venue prior to the games, and a worsening global economic crisis. But there were also events that filled the country with optimism, including a successful Beijing Olympic Games with good air quality, the upgrading of the State Environmental Protection Agency to ministerial level status, and significant developments in China’s environmental legal system and environmental public information disclosure mechanism.
Other topics explored in this volume include marine pollution, wetlands, road ecology, eco-compensation, debates surrounding the newly instituted “plastic bag restriction” policy, public interest litigation, the concept of a low carbon economy, and the environmental performance of enterprises in 2008. Volume four is essential for those looking for a window into issues affecting China’s environment from the viewpoint of civil society.
Other topics explored in this volume include marine pollution, wetlands, road ecology, eco-compensation, debates surrounding the newly instituted “plastic bag restriction” policy, public interest litigation, the concept of a low carbon economy, and the environmental performance of enterprises in 2008. Volume four is essential for those looking for a window into issues affecting China’s environment from the viewpoint of civil society.
Tragedy and Hope - From the Sichuan Earthquake to the Olympics
Editor:
Dongping Yang
This volume of the China Environment Yearbook is the fourth in the seminal series by China’s first environmental NGOs, Friends of Nature. The fourth English translation updates readers on environmentally significant issues of 2008, a year of both tragedy and hope. 2008 was an eventful year that included such setbacks as the Sichuan Earthquake, debilitating snow and ice storms, an algae bloom at the site of the Olympic sailing venue prior to the games, and a worsening global economic crisis. But there were also events that filled the country with optimism, including a successful Beijing Olympic Games with good air quality, the upgrading of the State Environmental Protection Agency to ministerial level status, and significant developments in China’s environmental legal system and environmental public information disclosure mechanism.
Other topics explored in this volume include marine pollution, wetlands, road ecology, eco-compensation, debates surrounding the newly instituted “plastic bag restriction” policy, public interest litigation, the concept of a low carbon economy, and the environmental performance of enterprises in 2008. Volume four is essential for those looking for a window into issues affecting China’s environment from the viewpoint of civil society.
Other topics explored in this volume include marine pollution, wetlands, road ecology, eco-compensation, debates surrounding the newly instituted “plastic bag restriction” policy, public interest litigation, the concept of a low carbon economy, and the environmental performance of enterprises in 2008. Volume four is essential for those looking for a window into issues affecting China’s environment from the viewpoint of civil society.
the policy in order to discourage the use of plastic bags and reduce “white pollution.”
Sand dunes and highly calcareous soils occupy vast areas in arid zones. The soils are characterized by low available nutrient content and low to medium water-holding capacity of the upper soil surface. These features result in low vegetation density under arid climate conditions. The introduction of trickle irrigation coupled with liquid fertilizers turned desert sand dunes and highly calcareous soils into productive agricultural soils for high cash crops. The intensity of daily nutrient supply dictates the farmer's consideration of the form of nitrogen supplied to the crop and to the variable sensitivity of plants to the different forms of N supplied by various fertilizers through the irrigation system. The combination of high root temperature and high ammonium concentration is of particular importance. Plants that have relatively low carbohydrate content in their roots might suffer from ammonia toxicity if a high daily supply of ammonium is available. High concentrations of urea and very high calcium carbonate content in the soil are also dangerous to ammonium- sensitive plants like tomatoes. Planning the irrigation system and nutrient supply to the crops according to their physiological stage of development, and consideration of the soil and climate characteristics, can give high yields and high quality crops with minimum pollution, but salt accumulation on the soil surface should be prevented, either by sprinkle irrigation, or by plastic mulch during the growing season.
in 2016. 2 Imported waste plastics can deliver direct economic benefits, however, they also cause many environmental problems, especially aggravating ocean pollution. In 2002, researchers estimated 80% of the ocean’s plastic debris originated from land. 3 Since plastic wastes endanger
s, DDT , and PAH s. Aside from toxic effects, when ingested, some of these affect animal brain cells similarly to estradiol, causing hormone disruption in the affected wildlife. A growing concern regarding plastic pollution in the marine ecosystem is the use of microplastics. Microplastics are