Indexes

In: Early Makuria Research Project. El-Zuma Cemetery (3-vol. set)
Editors: Mahmoud El-Tayeb and Ewa Czyżewska-Zalewska
Open Access

Indexes

Index of Geographical Names

Ab-Heregil 162
Abkur 118, 122, 162
Abu-Hamed Reach 9, 299
Akad 93
Al-Khiday 222–223, 225
Ali El-Karar 25–26
Alodia 5
Alwa 14
Aswan Dam 1
Atbara River 10, 14, 93
Awlib (El-Awlib) 10, 12
Axum 12
Ballana 5, 35, 59, 298–299
Banganarti 294
Bayuda 7–10
Blue Nile see Nile River
Buhen 1
Butana 10, 14, 16
Dakhleh Oasis 222, 225
Dal Cataract 1
Dangeil 9–10
Darfur 7
Dokki Gel 9
Dongola Reach 1–2, 5, 7–10, 14–15, 59, 93, 122, 137–138, 147, 160–164, 209, 294, 297
Egypt 1, 8–12, 220–222
El-Awlib see Awlib
El-Debba 1, 16
El-Detti 19, 25, 220, 222–223, 226, 240, 272
El-Ghaddar 2, 5, 8, 138, 147, 162, 164, 299
El-Haraz 162
El-Hawad 10
El-Hobagi 2, 5, 11, 16, 298–299
El-Kadada 1, 14, 16, 104, 161, 163
El-Kassinger Bahry 5, 7–8, 138, 147, 162–164, 239, 272, 299
El-Kurru 10, 19–20, 220, 222–223, 226, 277, 294, 297
El-Sadda 272
El-Sheiteb 16
El-Widay 8
Eritrea 14
Ethiopia 14
Fifth Cataract 5, 10, 13, 161
Firka 122, 162, 273
First Cataract 12
Fourth Cataract 2, 5, 7–8, 10, 14–15, 99, 103, 137, 160–163, 166, 224, 297
Gabati 2, 15, 163
Gemmai 1, 160
Gezira 297
Hagar El-Beida 299
Hagar El-Merwa 9
Hagar Sail 163
Hammur-Abbassiya 2, 5, 8, 83, 101, 138, 160, 164, 299
Hillat Saeed 12–13
Jebel Barkal 2, 9–11, 277, 294
Jebel El-Alim 162
Jebel El-Sheikh 1
Jebel Kulgeili 138, 147, 162
Jebel Makbour 16
Jebel Moya 220
Karadegil (Karat-Negil, Galat Negil) 16, 19
Karanog 1
Karima 2, 7–8, 23, 162
Kawa 9–10, 13–14
Kerma 1, 5, 7–9, 12, 294
Kerma Basin 7–8
Kharga Oasis 13
Khartoum 1–2, 5, 15, 285, 297, 299
Kordofan 7, 11–14
Kosti 5, 11–12
Kulubnarti 224–225
Kurgus 9
Letti 7
Letti Basin 5, 7–8
Lower Nubia see Nubia
Magashi 25
Makuria 5, 297–298
Meroe 5, 8–15, 163, 299
Merowe Dam 166, 279
Musawwarat es-Sufra 11
Naga 11
Nile River 1–2, 7–10, 13–14, 16, 20, 23, 25, 93, 103, 175, 220, 223–224, 277, 299
Blue 5, 11–14
White 5, 11–13
Nile Valley 5, 7–8, 13–15, 220–221, 224–227, 299
Middle 15
Nobadia 5
Nubia 1–3, 5–6, 7–9, 11–12, 15, 35, 59, 122, 160, 162–164, 220–221, 227, 240, 277, 297–298
Lower 1, 5, 8, 11, 13, 15, 163, 298–299
Upper 5, 163, 299
Nuri 10, 277, 294
Old Dongola 8, 294
Qasr Ibrim 5, 11–12
Qustul 5, 35, 59, 160, 273, 298–299
Red Sea Mountains 10
Sanam 13–14, 277
Seda River 14
Selib 8, 294
Sennar 5, 11–13
Shendi 2, 15–16
Shendi Reach 1–2, 5, 7, 14, 298–299
Sixth Cataract 10, 13, 161
Soba 5
Sobat River 13
Sudan 1, 6, 14–15, 104, 160–161, 209–210, 220, 240, 277
Sudanese Nile Valley 7
Sudd 13
Tabo 1, 2, 5
Takkaze (Settite) River 13–14
Tanqasi 2, 5, 19, 83, 93–94, 138, 160, 162–163, 239, 272, 298–299
Third Cataract 1, 2, 5, 7, 13, 137, 160–162, 224, 299
Tombos 222–225
Upper Nubia see Nubia
Wad Ban Naga 15
Wadi Abu Dom 7
Wadi El-Allaqi 10
Wadi El-Awateb 10, 15
Wadi El-Malik 7
Wadi Gabgaba 10
Wadi Halfa 223, 225
Wadi Howar 7
Wadi Muqaddam 7
Wadi Nawa 23

General Index

Adams, William Y. 1, 7–8, 12
afterlife 271, 274, 298
agate 111, 126, 149, 164
age-at-death/age 175, 177–181, 183, 228, 250, 272
agriculture 7, 8, 16
Ahmose, King 9
Amaninete-yerike, King 9–10
Amon 11
amphora 35, 91, 93, 96, 109, 161, 298–299
Analamani, King 9
Anchorite Grotto 25–26
ancient DNA (aDNA) 183, 209, 212, 214–215
Ancient Nubia 1–3, 5, 9, 297–298
animal bones 35, 42, 48, 59, 65, 69, 76, 83, 88, 93–94, 96, 101, 103, 109, 112, 119, 123, 125–126, 129, 163–164, 228–274, 298
animal/faunal remains 222–223, 226, 228–274
animal sacrifice 240
Apedemak 11
archer’s (thumb) ring 11, 15, 142, 164, 298
Arkamani (Ergamenes) 10
Arkell 8–10, 12, 15
arrowhead (arrows) 15, 37, 85, 103, 112, 126, 128, 142, 149, 161–162, 164, 255, 298
artistic influences 11
Aspelta, King 9
Axumites 13–14
Ba statue 11
Barya tribe 14
Basement Complex 7
bead 37, 72, 83, 85, 101, 103, 109, 112, 123, 126, 131, 142, 149, 154, 161, 164, 255, 273
Bechhaus-Gerst, Marianne 14
beer jar 12, 15, 35, 45, 51, 59, 65, 69, 72, 76, 79, 85, 91, 93–94, 96, 101–104, 109, 112, 120, 125–126, 128, 138, 142, 147, 150, 154, 160–161, 264, 298
Behrens, Peter 14
bell (pendant) 112, 273
black ware 12, 85, 126, 160, 163
Blemmyes 13
Bogacki, Miron 27
bone 35, 37, 42, 45, 48–49, 51, 58–59, 65, 69, 72, 76, 79, 83, 85, 88, 91, 93–94, 96, 101–104, 109, 112, 119–120, 123, 125–126, 128–129, 131, 138, 140, 142, 147, 149, 154, 163–164, 175–179, 182–184, 189, 195, 198, 201, 206, 208, 209–213, 220, 226–229, 231–274, 298
preservation 175–177, 179–180, 183, 200, 227, 231
reconstruction 176, 179, 209–210
Bonnet, Charles 8
bottle 12, 69, 76, 91, 126, 128, 154, 160–161, 252
bowl 11–12, 16, 35, 48, 65, 69, 72, 76, 79, 83, 88, 91, 93–94, 96, 101, 103–104, 109, 123, 125–126, 128, 147, 154, 160–161, 163–164, 255–256, 259, 261, 267, 272, 298–299
footed 91, 93
handmade 103, 109, 123
red 35, 65, 79, 83, 88, 101, 123, 125, 147, 160, 163–164
spouted 101, 128
wheel-made 12, 79, 83, 88, 91, 101, 104, 109, 123, 125–126, 128, 147, 160, 163
Breasted, James Henry 25
Budge, E.A. Wallis 2, 16, 19, 23
Buikstra, Jane E. 177–178
burial grounds 5, 7, 83, 165
burials 2, 13, 15, 32, 35, 42–43, 45, 59, 65, 72, 83, 91, 93–94, 112, 144, 149, 154, 160, 162–165, 175–183, 209, 215, 220, 274, 277, 280, 293, 297–299
Busharyia tribe 8
camel 228–231, 235, 237, 239–240, 244–245, 273, 284, 293
caravans 7
cattle 8, 14, 35, 37, 43, 48, 51, 65, 76, 88, 91, 102, 109, 112, 125, 164, 222, 226, 228–231, 235, 236, 238–242, 246–248, 250–253, 255–274
chain 57, 126
Charter, Venice 277
ceramics 12, 59, 76, 298
Christian period (era) 9, 25, 59, 164, 225, 299
Christianity 2, 5, 298
Classic Meroitic period 12, 297
climate change 10, 166
crops 10, 14
cross (pendant) 57, 112
cup 12, 35, 45, 59, 65, 69, 76, 79, 88, 91, 93–94, 96, 101–104, 109, 120, 123, 125–126, 128, 138, 142, 154, 160, 163, 252, 272
dental (tooth) enamel 177, 209, 220–223, 225–227
diagenesis 209, 222
diet/palaeodiet 177, 220, 222, 227
Diocletian 13
Djer, King 1
DNA 183, 209, 212–216
domestic animals 231
Drennan, Robert D. 179
drink 149
Dunham, Dows 10
earrings 51
Early Makuria 1, 5, 19, 25, 32, 220, 225–227
Early Makuria period 7, 109, 163, 220, 226–227, 272, 274
Early Makurian burials 72, 162, 163, 165
Early Makurian cemeteries 163, 240
Early Makurian graves 239
Early Meroitic period 12, 15, 277
economic instability 10
Edwards, David N. 8
Egyptian aggression (conquest) 10, 12
Eighteenth Dynasty 9
El-Zuma pyramids 2, 20
elephants 12
Emery, Walter B. 1
Eratosthenes 13
Erbkam, Georg 20
ethnic groups 2, 13, 15, 293
Ezana, King 12–15
faience 63, 72, 85, 101, 109, 123, 126, 131, 142, 149, 154, 164, 255, 273
Faroug, Mohamed 93
faunal remains see animal remains
fire 14, 104
First Dynasty 1
Fock, Jonni 228
food 8, 10, 45, 149, 163–164, 221–222, 298
food offerings 239–240, 271–274, 298
Fourth Cataract salvage campaign 2, 10, 14, 297
funerary banquet 72, 273, 298
funerary offerings 82, 123, 125
funerary practices 11, 226, 299
funerary rites/rituals/customs 35, 138, 165, 228–274, 297–298
funerary traditions 99, 109
Garstang, John 1, 10
goat 8, 35, 125, 164, 222, 226, 228, 231, 235, 237, 243, 250–251, 256, 260–261, 263, 265–266
goblet 161
Godlewski, Włodzimierz 93
gold 10, 14, 51
grave/burial goods 5, 15, 35, 45, 65, 77–78, 83, 85, 90, 96, 98, 105, 108, 114–115, 125–126, 134, 138, 143, 154–158, 161–162, 271–273, 288, 298
grave offerings 35, 38, 45, 65, 76, 88, 94, 96, 103, 109, 112, 154, 162–165
grave robbers 42, 45, 48, 57–58, 65, 69, 72, 76, 79, 83–86, 88, 91, 94, 96, 99, 101–102, 104, 109, 122–123, 126, 128, 138, 142, 144, 147, 154, 160, 162, 164, 235, 273
grave shaft
L-shaped 104, 106, 109, 118, 120, 122–123, 162
rectangular 2, 32, 37, 45, 48, 57, 59, 99, 104, 109, 118, 125, 137–138, 144, 149, 154, 160, 162, 297
trapezoid 84, 126, 128, 131, 135, 138, 151, 160, 162, 164
U-shaped 2, 32, 35, 42, 69, 79, 85–86, 94, 99, 103–104, 112, 162, 297
Grzymski, Krzysztof A. 1, 8
guruf 7
Hanbury, Barnard 8
Harsiotef 9
Hassanyia nomads 8, 16, 293
Hawawir nomads 8, 16, 293
Haycock, Bryan G. 13
Hintze, Fritz 12–15
Horus 11–12
human remains 42, 138, 175, 220, 222, 226–227, 250, 255, 263, 265, 267, 274
human sacrifices 59
Ibn Hawqal 14
iron 11, 14, 37, 59, 85, 88, 93, 101, 103, 112, 123, 126, 142, 149, 162, 164, 182, 298
iron production (iron working) 11, 13–14
Isis 11–12, 16
Islamic period 10
isotope analysis 183, 209, 220–227
carbon 220–224, 227
oxygen 220–225, 227
strontium 220–227
ivory 85, 126
Jacquet-Gordon, Helen 1
javelin 298
jug 94
Kasu 14
Kerma culture 9
Kerma period 10
Khasa tribe 14
Kingdom of Kush 9, 277
Kirwan, Laurence P. 12–15
kite aerial photography 20, 27, 29
Kushite culture 12, 15
Kushite kings 9–11
land use 7
Late Meroitic period 9, 15, 226
Lenoble, Patrice 1, 16, 72, 93, 298
Lepsius, Karl R. 2, 16, 19–25
Liverani Vincentelli, Irena 25
Małkowski, Wiesław 19, 27
Malonaqen, King 10
Malowiebamani, King 10
Mangurto tribe 14
map 3, 19–20, 22–23, 25–31, 284–285, 287, 300
marks (on bones) 231–239, 241–274, 298
matara 8
Matolsci, János 228
Meroitic art 11–12
Meroitic culture 1–2, 5, 7, 13, 277, 297–299
Meroitic kingdom 1, 5, 11–14, 227, 297
Meroitic period 7–8, 10–12, 15–16, 163–164, 220, 298
Meroitic writing 11
migration/mobility/non-locality 12, 220–221, 223, 227
mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) 209, 214–217
Monneret de Villard, Ugo 13
mortuary practices (traditions) 5, 297–298
nail 37, 88, 93, 101, 109, 120, 261
Napata 9–11
Napatan kingdom 2, 9
Napatan period 10–11, 297
Nastasen, King 10–11
Nero 13
New Kingdom 9, 11–12, 222, 225
next-generation sequencing 209, 214–216
Noba 12–14
nomads 8, 12, 14
Nuba 13
Nubian Series 7
oil lamp 59, 63
Old Kush culture 9–10
Osiris 11
ostrich eggshell 154
Osypińska, Marta 228, 235, 239, 250, 272
paleogenomics see ancient DNA (aDNA)
Paner, Henryk 8
pastoralism 8
pasture lands 8
pathological changes 175, 177, 179
cribra orbitalia 177–180, 182, 184
degenerative 177, 179, 183–184
petrous bone 209, 210–213
Piankhy 9–10
Pnubs 10
post-Meroitic cemetery 2, 163
post-Meroitic period 7, 8–9, 11–12, 14–15, 104, 137, 154, 160, 162, 165, 220, 222, 225–227, 297, 299–300
pot 93, 101, 125–126, 154, 160, 164, 298
pottery 5, 8, 12, 14–15, 25, 37, 51, 58–59, 76, 78–79, 83, 88, 91, 96, 102–104, 119, 123, 126, 128–129, 138, 142, 144, 154–160, 162–165, 231, 255, 261, 273, 288, 297–298
handmade 12, 14–15, 79, 85, 101, 103–104, 109, 112, 123, 125–126, 128, 142, 147, 154, 161, 163–164, 298
painted 12
production 12, 15, 147, 161, 163, 298–299
wheel-made 12, 14–15, 79, 83, 88, 91, 101–102, 104, 109, 123, 125–126, 128, 138, 142, 147, 154, 160–161, 163–164, 298
Procopius 13
Psammetik II, King 9
Pudło, Aleksandra 175, 179–180, 184, 200
qadus (qawadis) 164
quartz 85, 101, 126, 149, 164, 169
radiocarbon dating 7, 220, 226–227
rain (rainwater) 9, 37, 104, 166, 175, 278, 280, 284
Randall-MacIver, David 1
red ware 79, 123, 125, 160–161, 163
Reisner, George A. 1–2, 9–10, 13, 15, 23, 220
ring 57, 85, 126, 150, 164
Royal City 1
Sabbar, Bashmuhandis Abdallah 2, 289, 293
Saeed, Yassin Mohamed 19
saqiya 7–8
scraper (digging tools) 7, 76, 85, 126, 142
seluka 7
Senkamanisken, King 9
sex 175, 177–183, 224, 228
shadoof 7
Shayggyia people 293
sheep 8, 35, 125, 164, 222, 226, 228–232, 235, 237, 239–240, 243, 247, 249–252, 254–256, 258–263, 265–274
shell 228, 256, 273
Shinnie, Peter 5, 9, 12, 15
shotgun sequencing see next-generation sequencing
skeleton 45, 51, 65, 79, 85–86, 88, 119, 123, 126, 128–129, 132, 134, 138, 142–143, 146, 149, 153–154, 176–179, 181, 228, 240, 246–247, 252, 273–274, 288
Smith, H.F.C. 10
Southern Dongola Reach Survey 25, 27
spear 15, 112, 126, 161
stature 175, 178–180, 182–183
Strabo 13
Strzelecki, Zbigniew 278–279
Sudan Antiquities Service 1
survey 1–2, 9, 19–20, 22, 25–27, 29, 32, 162, 272, 278
Taharqo, King 9–10
Tanwetamani, King 9
Teichert, Manfred 228
temporal bone see petrous bone
Terminal Meroitic see (post-Meroitic) period
thumb ring see archer’s ring
Thutmose I 9
Thutmose III 9
tooth 177, 183, 189, 193, 198, 201–202, 206, 209–210, 212, 215, 220–224, 226–228, 235–238, 241–243, 247, 250, 252, 264–265
topography 19, 25
trade 7–8, 10, 12–13, 221
transport animals 235, 240, 273–274
tribal raids 10
Trimingham, John S. 13
tumulus 2, 5, 7, 15, 19–20, 22–29, 32–158, 160–168, 175, 177, 179–182, 209–213, 215, 220, 227, 228–231, 233–235, 239–240, 246–247, 250–251, 261, 263, 265, 267, 271–274, 278–284, 288, 292–293, 298–300
type I tumuli 2, 32, 35–68, 88, 154–155, 166, 180–183, 185–187, 231, 233, 235–250, 265, 271–274, 280, 284, 293, 298
type II tumuli 2, 32, 69–125, 155–157, 162, 164, 180–183, 188–196, 228, 231, 250–267, 272–274, 293, 298–299
type III tumuli 2, 32, 69, 83, 125–154, 158–160, 162, 164, 180–183, 198, 200–206, 208, 228, 231, 265, 267–272, 274, 297–299
tunnel 2, 19, 22, 25–26, 32, 37, 39, 41–42, 45–46, 48–49, 51, 55–59, 62–63, 65, 67–69, 154–155, 160–161, 164, 166–167, 175–176, 231, 233, 235–247, 250–252, 265, 272–274, 278, 280–281, 284, 288, 293, 297
Twenty-fifth Dynasty 9, 11
Twenty-sixth Dynasty 9
Ubelaker, Douglas H. 177–178
UNESCO 32, 37, 277–278, 280, 284, 288–289, 293
vessel 12, 15, 45, 58–59, 63, 65, 69, 72, 76, 79, 83, 88, 91, 93, 96, 101–104, 109, 120, 123, 125–126, 128, 131, 138, 144, 147, 149, 154, 160–161, 163–165, 248–249, 253–254, 257, 261, 263, 268–269, 272, 297–298
Vila, André 1
Waddington, George 8
weapons (weaponry) 15, 96, 155–158, 164, 288, 298
West Cemetery 1, 163
Wilkinson, John Gardiner 23
Woolley, Leonard 1
X-Group 1, 161, 163, 225
Yesbokheamani, King 11
Zalewski, Feliks 278–279
Żurawski, Bogdan 1–2, 8, 25
Zyhlarz, Ernst 13

Early Makuria Research Project. El-Zuma Cemetery (3-vol. set)

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Cover Early Makuria Research Project. El-Zuma Cemetery (3-vol. set)
E-Book ISBN:
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Brill
Print Publication Date:
28 Apr 2021

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