New topics and limits related to the use of beneficial microbes in pig feeding
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Reports highlighting the positive effects of probiotics on the performance of pigs or on in vitro traits are now quite frequent, but the use of probiotics in feed compounds has not been widespread. Prerequisites for the healthy and efficient growth of young pigs are the rapid maturation of the gut mucosa and the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, and the formation of a local stable and complex bacterial community. In neonatal pigs, suckling and the maternal environment shape the gut microbiota. Later, when weaning stress causes a transient drop in favourable bacteria, the oral supply of microbes could contribute to re-establish the microbiota balance. Some strains isolated from piglets were tested for their ability to settle in the intestine. After weaning, piglets experience new and often unfavourable bacteria. Probiotics have been investigated to contrast the enteropathogens, owing to their properties (production of antibacterial molecules, competition on adhesion sites, stimulation of immune response, etc.). Data in general show that their oral administration can be favourable or, at least, innocuous. However, two cases are presented here, where a probiotic given to pigs already combating enteropathogens impaired pig health, and this could be explained by their effect on the immune response. A more tolerogenic response of the host is expected when beneficial bacteria directly contrast the pathogens, probiotics are claimed to directly modulate or even activate the immune system. For one probiotic divergent effects on growth and health are presented, and these differences may be due to different experimental details or different starting microbiological environments. Scarce data are available on specific immune responses induced by commensal microbes in pigs, and on the interaction of resident microbiota with orally supplied probiotics. Increased knowledge of the role of commensal microbiota in the gut and in the pig metabolism, helps in selecting the best bacteria and in designing the best feeding strategies for improving the efficacy and the reliability of their oral use.
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Lallès, J.P., Boudry, G., Favier, C., Le Floc'h, N., Luron, I., Montagne, L., Oswald, I.P., Pié, S., Piel, C. and Sève, B., 2004. Gut function and dysfunction in young pigs: physiology. Animal Research 53: 301-316.
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Maaroufi-Georges, C. and Le Dividich, J., 2004. Efficacité du probiotique Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415 sur les performances du porc de la naissance a l'abattage. Journées de la Recherche Porcine 36: 119-124.
'Efficacité du probiotique Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415 sur les performances du porc de la naissance a l'abattage ' () 36 Journées de la Recherche Porcine : 119 -124.
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Maré, L., Wolfaardt, G.M. and Dicks, L.M., 2006. Adhesion of Lactobacillus plantarum 423 and Lactobacillus salivarius 241 to the intestinal tract of piglets, as recorded with fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH), and production of plantaricin 423 by cells colonized to the ileum. Journal of Applied Microbiology 100: 838-845.
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Martín, R., Delgado, S., Maldonado, A., Jiménez, E., Olivares, M., Fernández, L., Sobrino, O.J. and Rodríguez, J.M., 2009. Isolation of lactobacilli from sow milk and evaluation of their probiotic potential. Journal of Dairy Research 76: 418-425.
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Modesto, M., Stefanini, I., D'Aimmo, M.R., Mazzoni, M., Trevisi, P., Tittarelli, C., Bosi, P. and Biavati, B., 2007. Effect of probiotic inocula on the population density of lactic acid bacteria and enteric pathogens in the intestine of weaning piglets. In: 3rd QLIF Congress, Hohenheim, Germany, 20-23 March 2007. Available at: http://orgprints.org/view/projects/int_conf_qlif2007.html
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Modesto, M., D'Aimmo, M.R., Stefanini, I., Trevisi, P., De Filippi, S., Casini, L., Mazzoni, M., Bosi, P. and Biavati, B., 2009. A novel strategy to select Bifidobacterium strains and prebiotics as natural growth promoters in newly weaned pigs. Livestock Science 122: 248-258.
'A novel strategy to select Bifidobacterium strains and prebiotics as natural growth promoters in newly weaned pigs ' () 122 Livestock Science : 248 -258.
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Niewold, T.A., Veldhuizen, E.J.A., Van der Meulen, J., Haagsman, H.P., De Wit, A.A., Smits, M.A., Tersteeg, M.H. and Hulst, M.M., 2007. The early transcriptional response of pig small intestinal mucosa to invasion by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104 analyzed by cDNA microarray. Molecular Immunology 44: 1316-1322.
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Scharek, L., Guth, J., Filter, M. and Schmidt, M.F.G., 2007. Impact of the probiotic bacteria Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415 (SF68) and Bacillus cereus var. Toyoi NCIMB 40112 on the development of serum IgG and faecal IgA of sows and their piglets. Archives of Animal Nutrition 61: 223-234.
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Scharek, L., Guth, J., Reiter, K., Weyrauch, K.D., Taras, D., Schwerk, P., Schierack, P., Schmidt, M.F.G., Wieler, L.H. and Tedin, K., 2005. Influence of a probiotic Enterococcus faecium strain on development of the immune system of sows and piglets. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 105: 151-161.
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Taras, D., Vahjen, W., Macha, M. and Simon, O., 2005. Response of performance characteristics and fecal consistency to long-lasting dietary supplementation with the probiotic strain Bacillus cereus var. toyoi to sows and piglets. Archives of Animal Nutrition 59: 405-417.
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Taras, D., Vahjen, W., Macha, M. and Simon, O., 2006. Performance, diarrhea incidence, and occurrence of Escherichia coli virulence genes during long-term administration of a probiotic Enterococcus faecium strain to sows and piglets. Journal of Animal Science 84: 608-617.
'Performance, diarrhea incidence, and occurrence of Escherichia coli virulence genes during long-term administration of a probiotic Enterococcus faecium strain to sows and piglets ' () 84 Journal of Animal Science : 608 -617.
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Trevisi, P., De Filippi, S., Minieri, L., Mazzoni, M., Modesto, M., Biavati, B. and Bosi, P., 2008. Effect of fructo-oligosaccharides and different doses of Bifidobacterium animalis in weaning diet on bacterial translocation and TLRs gene expression in pigs. Nutrition 24: 1023-1029.
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Zhang, L., Xu, Y.Q., Liu, H.Y., Lai, T., Ma, J.L., Wang, J.F. and Zhu, Y.H., 2010. Evaluation of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG using an Escherichia coli K88 model of piglet diarrhoea: effects on diarrhoea incidence, faecal microflora and immune responses. Veterinary Microbiology 141: 142-148.
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| All Time | Past 365 days | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 338 | 198 | 30 |
| Full Text Views | 14 | 6 | 2 |
| PDF Views & Downloads | 16 | 9 | 4 |
New topics and limits related to the use of beneficial microbes in pig feeding
In: Beneficial MicrobesSearch for other papers by P. Bosi in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by P. Trevisi in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Reports highlighting the positive effects of probiotics on the performance of pigs or on in vitro traits are now quite frequent, but the use of probiotics in feed compounds has not been widespread. Prerequisites for the healthy and efficient growth of young pigs are the rapid maturation of the gut mucosa and the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, and the formation of a local stable and complex bacterial community. In neonatal pigs, suckling and the maternal environment shape the gut microbiota. Later, when weaning stress causes a transient drop in favourable bacteria, the oral supply of microbes could contribute to re-establish the microbiota balance. Some strains isolated from piglets were tested for their ability to settle in the intestine. After weaning, piglets experience new and often unfavourable bacteria. Probiotics have been investigated to contrast the enteropathogens, owing to their properties (production of antibacterial molecules, competition on adhesion sites, stimulation of immune response, etc.). Data in general show that their oral administration can be favourable or, at least, innocuous. However, two cases are presented here, where a probiotic given to pigs already combating enteropathogens impaired pig health, and this could be explained by their effect on the immune response. A more tolerogenic response of the host is expected when beneficial bacteria directly contrast the pathogens, probiotics are claimed to directly modulate or even activate the immune system. For one probiotic divergent effects on growth and health are presented, and these differences may be due to different experimental details or different starting microbiological environments. Scarce data are available on specific immune responses induced by commensal microbes in pigs, and on the interaction of resident microbiota with orally supplied probiotics. Increased knowledge of the role of commensal microbiota in the gut and in the pig metabolism, helps in selecting the best bacteria and in designing the best feeding strategies for improving the efficacy and the reliability of their oral use.
| All Time | Past 365 days | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 338 | 198 | 30 |
| Full Text Views | 14 | 6 | 2 |
| PDF Views & Downloads | 16 | 9 | 4 |
