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Gut microbiota development of preterm infants hospitalised in intensive care units

In: Beneficial Microbes
Authors:
H. Tauchi Department of Pediatrics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan.

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K. Yahagi Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan.

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T. Yamauchi Department of Pediatrics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan.

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T. Hara Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan.

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R. Yamaoka Department of Pediatrics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan.

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N. Tsukuda Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan.

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Y. Watanabe Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan.

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S. Tajima Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan.

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F. Ochi Department of Pediatrics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan.

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H. Iwata Department of Pediatrics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan.

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M. Ohta Department of Pediatrics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan.

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E. Ishii Department of Pediatrics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan.

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S. Matsumoto Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan.

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T. Matsuki Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan.

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Open Access

Gut microbiome development affects infant health and postnatal physiology. The gut microbe assemblages of preterm infants have been reported to be different from that of healthy term infants. However, the patterns of ecosystem development and inter-individual differences remain poorly understood. We investigated hospitalised preterm infant gut microbiota development using 16S rRNA gene amplicons and the metabolic profiles of 268 stool samples obtained from 17 intensive care and 42 term infants to elucidate the dynamics and equilibria of the developing microbiota. Infant gut microbiota were predominated by Gram-positive cocci, Enterobacteriaceae or Bifidobacteriaceae, which showed sequential transitions to Bifidobacteriaceae-dominated microbiota. In neonatal intensive care unit preterm infants (NICU preterm infants), Staphylococcaceae abundance was higher immediately after birth than in healthy term infants, and Bifidobacteriaceae colonisation tended to be delayed. No specific NICU-cared infant enterotype-like cluster was observed, suggesting that the constrained environment only affected the pace of transition, but not infant gut microbiota equilibrium. Moreover, infants with Bifidobacteriaceae-dominated microbiota showed higher acetate concentrations and lower pH, which have been associated with host health. Our data provides an in-depth understanding of gut microbiota development in NICU preterm infants and complements earlier studies. Understanding the patterns and inter-individual differences of the preterm infant gut ecosystem is the first step towards controlling the risk of diseases in premature infants by targeting intestinal microbiota.

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