In this issue 1 of Volume 30, we are marking 30 years of The International Journal of Children’s Rights. For me the story of the Journal started not with issue 1 (which finally appeared in the spring of 1993), but at the beginning of 1989, the year that there was still discussion on the draft Convention on the Rights of the Child (crc) in the UN Commission on Human Rights and the draft crc still had to be discussed in the Third Committee of the General Assembly and in a Plenary Session of the General Assembly. In 1989 I lived in Jerusalem and had started the Israel Section of Defence for Children International. Together with the Faculty of Law of the Hebrew University in Jerusalem and the Centre for Youth Policy of Haifa University, we organised the First International Study Group on Ideologies of Children’s Rights. My plan was always to get the support there for the launch of an international academic journal on children’s rights. The Study Group took place on 9–14 December 1990. Recently I looked again at a photograph of the Study Group and I realised what a remarkable group of people we had together there. Adam Lopatka (who had served as the Chairman/Rapporteur of the Working Group drafting the crc) stands in the middle of the picture like “the godfather of the Convention’’ as he liked to be called. Michael Longford (the British civil servant who had served as District Commissioner in Tanganyika and who later represented Britain at the crc negotiations) was towering above all of us (he was very tall). I still smile when I think how witty he was. Next to Michael Longford stood Ludwig Salgo (a family- and youth law professor from Frankfurt, Germany). In her Norwegian traditional dress I see Malfrid Grude Flekkoy (a Norwegian psychologist who had been appointed by the Norwegian Parliament in 1981 as the world’s first Children’s Commissioner). I also see is Michael Freeman (who was teaching at University College London) and his wife Vivien, also psychologist Gary Melton from the United States. Coby de Graaf and Miek de Langen (who had opened in 1985 in a shop opposite her home in Amsterdam a walk-in-centre for legal aid for children) were talking with Eugeen Verhellen and his wife Lieve from Ghent in Belgium. Cynthia Price Cohen was not in the picture, but later she was definitely in many meetings with her ‘infectious laugh and her indomitable energy and enthusiasm were, for me, her indelible characteristics’ (Cerna, 2008). There were many others; I can’t mention them all.
During the drafting of the crc, tensions from the cold war between the Soviet Union and the United States were clearly visible. Three representatives from the Soviet Lenin Children’s Fund came to the opening session of the Study Group. I had even helped to get funding for them to come, because I thought it would help to bridge the gap between “East” and “West”. But we only saw them back at the closing session. The world was changing. The Berlin wall had collapsed 11 days before the UN General Assembly adopted the crc. In Poland a peaceful transition from communism had taken place in June 1989.
The Study Group was held despite the tense political situation (we were on the eve of the Gulf war and we had gas masks). That participants still came, was a tribute to their high motivation and commitment.
The first days were held at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem and the final days at Haifa University. In between there was a rich programme. A meeting was hosted by Palestinian colleagues in East Jerusalem, where we met with representatives of human rights organisations working for Palestinian children. There was also a day of travel to Haifa together on a bus rented for the Study Group. The joint activities on the way created a real group atmosphere.
Photo from Israel Children’s Rights Monitor, vol.3 July 1991, p. 43. Published by DCI-Israel
Citation: The International Journal of Children's Rights 30, 1 (2022) ; 10.1163/15718182-30010013
Photo from Israel Children’s Rights Monitor, vol.3 July 1991, p. 43. Published by DCI-Israel
Citation: The International Journal of Children's Rights 30, 1 (2022) ; 10.1163/15718182-30010013
Photo from Israel Children’s Rights Monitor, vol.3 July 1991, p. 43. Published by DCI-Israel
Citation: The International Journal of Children's Rights 30, 1 (2022) ; 10.1163/15718182-30010013
1 The Founding Meeting
For me the Study Group was the “alibi” to get a group of important children’s rights people together and discuss if we could launch an international academic journal, an idea which I had already discussed with Lindy Melman, the publisher at Martinus Nijhoff. The evening the Study Group arrived in our Hotel in Haifa (12 December 1990), the founding of the journal was the only point on the agenda of the evening meeting. I explained that my fear was that children’s rights could become just a fad: now in fashion, but it could be out of fashion if we did not succeed in anchoring the children’s rights movement academically. And for this we needed an academic journal. Children’s rights had developed into a new field of human rights with children being recognised as subjects rather than as objects of rights and this field deserved its own academic journal, I argued. The rest is history. The Study Group members supported the idea of starting an academic journal and they formed an international editorial advisory board and the Children’s Rights Publications Foundation supporting the Journal (with Michael Longford becoming the first chair of the Foundation). The Study Group members agreed that the purpose of the journal would be to provide worldwide academic support to the children’s rights movement (Veerman, 1992). We were lucky that Michael Freeman was among the participants of the Study Group and he agreed to be one of the Editors-in-Chief (Susan Wolfson and Geraldine van Bueren were on board in the beginning). Without Michael as Editor-in-Chief the Journal would not have become such an authoritative voice in the international human rights field.
2 New Developments and Challenges
Modern technology has helped the Editorial Advisory Board to become more involved and support Professor Laura Lundy and Professor Helen Stalford, the present Editors-in-Chief. On 21 September 2020, a first Zoom meeting of the Editorial Advisory Board took place with colleagues, including those in Australia and South Africa participating. On 5 November 2021, a second meeting took place on Zoom. I came across a Memorandum mailed on 24 April 1993 by Cynthia Price Cohen, pleading for regular contact between the Editorial Advisory Board and the Editors-in-Chief. At the time we only had expensive conference calls or organising a real (expensive) meeting. In fact what Cynthia proposed is has now been realised thanks to modern technology and this will improve the quality of the Journal. I am happy that the Editorial Advisory Board is now less white. And I hope in the near future voices of children can be heard directly in the Journal. Young people are our hope. The climate crisis, the right to education of girls and gun control show how young voices are essential. Young people like Greta Thunberg, Malala Yousafzai and the young people of the March for Our lives (a youth-led gun-control movement in the United States) have shown us that we as adults do not take our responsibility for something so essential for their future. The idea of a column of young people in the Journal was raised in the 2020 Zoom meeting.
I am more worried now about the future of children than I was in the period 1989–1993, when we were preparing the beginning of the Journal. At that time the crc was a sign of optimism. For me this optimism crumbled in 2017 with the inauguration of President Trump in the United States: the world order is in a transition period. With the rise of China (Richardson, 2020) as a global power, children’s human rights will have to be more defended than ever. Working on children’s rights in a new world order (Zajec, 2020) might be harder than 30 years ago (Alston, 2009) and I am sure we will find reflections of this development in the Journal.
3 In Memoriam Gary B. Melton (1952–2020)
We recently learned of Gary Melton’s death, an important member of our international editorial advisory board. His passing is definitely a huge loss for the field of children’s rights, child maltreatment, psychology and child research. Gary was very committed to making the world a better place for children and helped in connection with international work for children (he organised the Second International Study Group in South Carolina). I remember especially how he opened my eyes for the importance of working with local religious leaders and the wider community. He had vision and saw the bigger picture. We will miss him.
References
Alston, Philip and Crawford, James, The Future of the UN Human Rights Monitioring System (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2009).
Cerna, C. M., “Cynthia Price Cohen: In Memoriam”, Human Rights Quarterly, 2008, (3(3)), 842–843.
Freeman, M. D., The Rights and Wrongs of Children (London, Dover, N.H., F. Pinter, 1983).
Longford, M.D. and Veerman, P., “Message from the Chairman and the Founder”, International Journal of Children’s Rights 1990 (1(1)), i–ii.
Lopatka, A., “An Introduction to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child”, Transnational Law and Contemporary Problems 1996 (6), 251–262.
Melton, G.B., “Children’s Concepts of their Rights”, Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology 1980 (9(3)), 186–190.
Melton, G. B., “Towards an Integrated Approach to Children’s Rights”, Journal of Social Issues 2008 (64(4), 903–920.
Richardson, Sophie, China’s influence on the global human rights system (Brookings Insitution, Washington DC, 2020).
Veerman, P., “Towards a More Integrated Basis for the Children’s Rights Movement: The Aims and Outcome of the First International Interdisciplinary Study Group on Ideologies of Children’s Rights, in Freeman, M. and Veerman, P., editors, The Ideologies of Children’s Rights (Dordrecht, Boston, London, Martinus Nijhoff, 1992), 357–364.
Zajec, Olivier, “L órdre international qui vient, Le Monde Diplomatique, 1 November 2020.