Potentials of animal, crop and agri-food wastes for the production of fly larvae
In: Journal of Insects as Food and FeedSearch for other papers by H. Ganda in
Current site
Google Scholar
Search for other papers by E.T. Zannou-Boukari in
Current site
Google Scholar
Search for other papers by M. Kenis in
Current site
Google Scholar
Search for other papers by C.A.A.M. Chrysostome in
Current site
Google Scholar
Search for other papers by G.A. Mensah in
Current site
Google Scholar
Fly larvae, in particular those of house fly (Musca domestica) and black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens), are increasingly considered for animal feed worldwide. A simple way to produce fly larvae is to expose suitable substrates to attract adult flies that will lay eggs in the substrates from where larvae will be subsequently extracted. This study aims to evaluate the potential of animal manures and agri-food wastes for maggot production and to identify the fly species developing in the substrates. Experiments were conducted in the Republic of Benin. Twenty-six substrates were left uncovered for 10 hours and maggots were harvested after four days. Fresh substrates were then added to residual substrates and left uncovered for another 10 hours for another production cycle. In total, three production cycles were monitored. In the first cycle, nearly 100% of the flies were house flies but black soldier flies appeared in the following cycles. The result showed that crop and agri-food substrates produced more larvae than manures. The highest yield at the first production cycle was obtained with the mixture of soybean bran and maize grain pericarp. Maize bran, pig manure and chicken manure also showed potential for maggot production. Other substrates such as cow and sheep/goat manure produced nearly no maggot when used alone but the amount of larvae substantially increased when attractants such as chicken offal were added, or when mixed with pig and chicken manure. Production decreased with the production cycles for the majority of substrates, except for mixtures based on spent grain and pineapple grain, which produced a large amount of larva at the second harvest. The activity of maggots led to temperature elevation and reduction of substrate biomass. This study showed that several substrates, in particular soybean bran, maize bran, pig manure and chicken manure show potential for maggot production.
-
Anene, A., Afam-Anene, C.O., Ike, K. and Ekekwe, H.N., 2013. Preliminary investigations on quantity and proximate quality of maggots produced from four different sources of livestock wastes. Journal of Research in Biology 3: 1060-1065.
'Preliminary investigations on quantity and proximate quality of maggots produced from four different sources of livestock wastes ' () 3 Journal of Research in Biology : 1060 -1065.
-
Aniebo, A.O., Erondu, E.S. and Owen, O.J., 2008. Proximate composition of housefly larva (Musca domestica) meal generated from mixture of cattle blood and wheat bran. Livestock Research for Rural Development 20: Article #205.
'Proximate composition of housefly larva (Musca domestica) meal generated from mixture of cattle blood and wheat bran', ().
-
Barnard, D.R., Harms, R.H. and Sloan, D.R., 1998. Biodegradation of poultry manure by house fly (Diptera: Muscidae). Environmental Entomology 27: 600-605.
'Biodegradation of poultry manure by house fly (Diptera: Muscidae) ' () 27 Environmental Entomology : 600 -605.
-
Boire, S., Bay, D.E. and Olsen, K., 1988. An evaluation of various types of manure and vegetative materials as larval breeding media for stable fly. The Southwestern Entomologist 13: 247-249.
'An evaluation of various types of manure and vegetative materials as larval breeding media for stable fly ' () 13 The Southwestern Entomologist : 247 -249.
-
Bouafou, K.G.M., Kouamé, K.G. and Offoumou, A.M., 2007. Bilan azoté chez le rat en croissance de la farine d’asticots séchés. Tropicultura 25: 70-74.
'Bilan azoté chez le rat en croissance de la farine d’asticots séchés ' () 25 Tropicultura : 70 -74.
-
Bouafou, K.G.M., Kouamé, K.G., Amoikon, K.E. and Offoumou, A.M., 2006. Potentiel pour la production d’asticots sur des sous-produits en Côte d’Ivoire. Tropicultura 24: 157-161.
'Potentiel pour la production d’asticots sur des sous-produits en Côte d’Ivoire ' () 24 Tropicultura : 157 -161.
-
Charlton, A.J., Dickinson, M., Wakefield, M.E., Fitches, E., Kenis, M., Han, R., Zhu, F., Kone, N., Grant, M., Devic, E., Bruggeman, G., Prior, R. and Smith, R., 2015. Exploring the chemical safety of fly larvae as a source of protein for animal feed. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 1: 7-16.
'Exploring the chemical safety of fly larvae as a source of protein for animal feed ' () 1 Journal of Insects as Food and Feed : 7 -16.
-
Delvare, G. and Aberlenc, H.P., 1989. Les insects d’Afrique et d’Amérique tropicale: clés pour la reconnaissance des familles. CIRAD/PRIFAS, Montpellier, France, 302 pp.
'Les insects d’Afrique et d’Amérique tropicale: clés pour la reconnaissance des familles ', () 302.
-
Djissou, A.S.M., Tossavi, E.C., Vodounnou, J.D., Toguyeni, A. and Fiogbe, E.D., 2015. Valorization of agro-alimentary waste for a production of maggots like source of proteins in the animal feeds. International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research 7(6): 42-46.
'Valorization of agro-alimentary waste for a production of maggots like source of proteins in the animal feeds ' () 7 International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research : 42 -46.
-
Drew, D.J.W. and Pieterse, E., 2015. Markets, money and maggots. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 1: 227-231.
'Markets, money and maggots ' () 1 Journal of Insects as Food and Feed : 227 -231.
-
Kenis, M., Koné, N., Chrysostome, C.A.A.M., Devic, E., Koko, G.K.D., Clottey, V.A., Nacambo, S. and Mensah, G.A., 2014. Insects used for animal feed in West Africa. Entomologia 2(218): 107-114.
'Insects used for animal feed in West Africa ' () 2 Entomologia : 107 -114.
-
Koné, N’G., Sylla, M., Nacambo, S. and Kenis, M., 2017. Production of house fly larvae for animal feed through natural oviposition. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 3: 177-186.
'Production of house fly larvae for animal feed through natural oviposition ' () 3 Journal of Insects as Food and Feed : 177 -186.
-
Larraín, S.P. and Salas, F.C., 2008. House fly (Musca domestica l.) (diptera: muscidae) development in different types of manure. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research 68: 192-197.
'House fly (Musca domestica l.) (diptera: muscidae) development in different types of manure ' () 68 Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research : 192 -197.
-
Makkar, H.P.S., Tran, G., Heuzé, V. and Ankers, P., 2014. State-of-the-art on use of insects as animal feed. Animal Feed Science and Technology 197: 1-33.
'State-of-the-art on use of insects as animal feed ' () 197 Animal Feed Science and Technology : 1 -33.
-
Moon, R., Hinton, J., O’Rourke, S. and Schmidt, D., 2001. Nutritional value of fresh and composted poultry manure for house fly (Diptera: Muscidae) larvae. Journal of Economic Entomology 94: 1308-1317.
'Nutritional value of fresh and composted poultry manure for house fly (Diptera: Muscidae) larvae ' () 94 Journal of Economic Entomology : 1308 -1317.
-
Mpoame, M., Téguia, A. and Nguemfo, E.L., 2004. Essai comparé de production d’asticots dans les fientes de poule et dans la bouse de vache. Tropicultura 22: 84-87.
'Essai comparé de production d’asticots dans les fientes de poule et dans la bouse de vache ' () 22 Tropicultura : 84 -87.
-
Nyakeri, E.M., Ogola, H.J., Ayieko, M.A. and Amimo, F.A., 2017. An open system for farming black soldier fly larvae as a source of proteins for smallscale poultry and fish production. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 5: 39-51.
'An open system for farming black soldier fly larvae as a source of proteins for smallscale poultry and fish production ' () 5 Journal of Insects as Food and Feed : 39 -51.
-
Odesanya, B.O., Ajayi, S.O., Agbaogun, B.K.O. and Okuneye, B., 2011. Comparative evaluation of nutritive value of maggots. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research 2(11): 1-5.
'Comparative evaluation of nutritive value of maggots ' () 2 International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research : 1 -5.
-
Ossey, Y.B., Koumi, A.R., Koffi, K.M., Atse, B.C. and Kouame, L.P., 2012. Use of soybean, bovine brain and maggot as sources of dietary protein in larvalHeterobranchus longifilis (Valenciennes, 1840). Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences 15: 2099-2108.
'Use of soybean, bovine brain and maggot as sources of dietary protein in larvalHeterobranchus longifilis (Valenciennes, 1840) ' () 15 Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences : 2099 -2108.
-
Pastor, B., Čičková, H., Kozánek, M., Martínez-Sánchez, A., Takáč, P. and Rojo, S., 2011. Effect of the size of the pupae, adult diet, oviposition substrate and adult population density on egg production inMusca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae). European Journal of Entomology 108: 587-596.
'Effect of the size of the pupae, adult diet, oviposition substrate and adult population density on egg production inMusca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) ' () 108 European Journal of Entomology : 587 -596.
-
Pastor, B., Velasquez, Y., Gobbi, P. and Rojo, S., 2015. Conversion of organic wastes into fly larval biomass: bottlenecks and challenges. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 1: 179-193.
'Conversion of organic wastes into fly larval biomass: bottlenecks and challenges ' () 1 Journal of Insects as Food and Feed : 179 -193.
-
Pomalégni, S.C.B., Gbemavo, D.S.J.C., Kpadé, C.P., Kenis, M. and Mensah, G.A., 2017. Traditional use of fly larvae by small poultry farmers in Benin. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 3: 187-192.
'Traditional use of fly larvae by small poultry farmers in Benin ' () 3 Journal of Insects as Food and Feed : 187 -192.
-
Tiroesele, B. and Moreki, J.C., 2012. Termites and earthworms as potential alternative sources of protein for poultry. International Journal for Agro Veterinary and Medical Sciences 6: 368-376.
'Termites and earthworms as potential alternative sources of protein for poultry ' () 6 International Journal for Agro Veterinary and Medical Sciences : 368 -376.
-
Tschirner, M. and Simon, A., 2015. Influence of different growing substrates and processing on the nutrient composition of black soldier fly larvae destined for animal feed. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 1: 249-259.
'Influence of different growing substrates and processing on the nutrient composition of black soldier fly larvae destined for animal feed ' () 1 Journal of Insects as Food and Feed : 249 -259.
-
Van Huis, A., 2013. Potential of insects as food and feed in assuring food security. Annual Review of Entomology 58(1): 563-583.
'Potential of insects as food and feed in assuring food security ' () 58 Annual Review of Entomology : 563 -583.
-
Van Huis, A., 2015. Edible insects contributing to food security? Agriculture & Food Security 4: 20.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40066-015-0041-5
-
Van Huis, A., Van Itterbeeck, J., Klunder, H., Mertens, E., Halloran, A., Muir, G. and Vantomme, P., 2013. Edible insects: future prospects for food and feed security. FAO Forestry Paper 171. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy. Available at:http://www.fao.org/docrep/018/i3253e/i3253e.pdf.
-
Veldkamp, T., Van Duinkerken, G., Van Huis, A., Lakemond, C.M.M., Ottevanger, E., Bosch, G. and Van Boekel, M.A.J.S., 2012. Insects as a sustainable feed ingredient in pig and poultry diets: a feasibility study. Wageningen UR Livestock Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands, 62 pp.
'Insects as a sustainable feed ingredient in pig and poultry diets: a feasibility study ', () 62.
-
Wang, H., Zhang, Z., Czapar, F.G., Winkler, K.H.M. and Zheng, J.G., 2013. A full-scale house fly (Diptera: Muscidae) larvae bioconversion system for value-added swine manure reduction. Waste Management & Research 31: 223-231.
'A full-scale house fly (Diptera: Muscidae) larvae bioconversion system for value-added swine manure reduction ' () 31 Waste Management & Research : 223 -231.
-
Warburton, K. and Hallman, V., 2002. Processing of organic materials by the soldier fly,Hermetia illucens. In: Warburton, K., Pillai-McGarry, U. and Ramage, D. (eds.) Integrated biosystems for sustainable development. Proceedings of the InFoRM 2000 National Workshop on Integrated Food Production and Resource Management. Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation Publication 01/174: 115-126.
'Processing of organic materials by the soldier fly,Hermetia illucens. ' () 174 Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation Publication : 115 -126.
-
Wortman, Ch., Shapiro, Ch. and Tarkalson, D., 2006. Composting manure and other organic residues. University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lincoln, NE, USA, 4 pp.
'Composting manure and other organic residues ', () 4.
-
Zumbado, A., 2006. Diptera of Costa Rica and the New World tropics. Instituto Nacional de Biodiversid ad. Santo Domingo de Heredia, Costa Rica, 272 pp.
'Diptera of Costa Rica and the New World tropics ', () 272.
| All Time | Past 365 days | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Full Text Views | 328 | 220 | 12 |
| PDF Views & Downloads | 389 | 227 | 10 |
Potentials of animal, crop and agri-food wastes for the production of fly larvae
In: Journal of Insects as Food and FeedSearch for other papers by H. Ganda in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by E.T. Zannou-Boukari in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by M. Kenis in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by C.A.A.M. Chrysostome in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by G.A. Mensah in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Fly larvae, in particular those of house fly (Musca domestica) and black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens), are increasingly considered for animal feed worldwide. A simple way to produce fly larvae is to expose suitable substrates to attract adult flies that will lay eggs in the substrates from where larvae will be subsequently extracted. This study aims to evaluate the potential of animal manures and agri-food wastes for maggot production and to identify the fly species developing in the substrates. Experiments were conducted in the Republic of Benin. Twenty-six substrates were left uncovered for 10 hours and maggots were harvested after four days. Fresh substrates were then added to residual substrates and left uncovered for another 10 hours for another production cycle. In total, three production cycles were monitored. In the first cycle, nearly 100% of the flies were house flies but black soldier flies appeared in the following cycles. The result showed that crop and agri-food substrates produced more larvae than manures. The highest yield at the first production cycle was obtained with the mixture of soybean bran and maize grain pericarp. Maize bran, pig manure and chicken manure also showed potential for maggot production. Other substrates such as cow and sheep/goat manure produced nearly no maggot when used alone but the amount of larvae substantially increased when attractants such as chicken offal were added, or when mixed with pig and chicken manure. Production decreased with the production cycles for the majority of substrates, except for mixtures based on spent grain and pineapple grain, which produced a large amount of larva at the second harvest. The activity of maggots led to temperature elevation and reduction of substrate biomass. This study showed that several substrates, in particular soybean bran, maize bran, pig manure and chicken manure show potential for maggot production.
| All Time | Past 365 days | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Full Text Views | 328 | 220 | 12 |
| PDF Views & Downloads | 389 | 227 | 10 |
