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An indicator based 'traffic light' model to pro-actively assess the occurrence of mycotoxins in tree nuts

In: World Mycotoxin Journal
Authors:
S. Jeurissen RIVM – National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Centre for Substances and Integrated Risk Assessment, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands

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F. Seyhan Food Institute, Tübitak Marmara Research Center, P.O. Box 21, 41470 Gebze Kocaeli, Turkey

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M. Kandhai RIKILT – Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, the Netherlands

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S. Dekkers RIVM – National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Centre for Substances and Integrated Risk Assessment, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands

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C. Booij Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands

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P. Bos RIVM – National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Centre for Substances and Integrated Risk Assessment, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands

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H. van der Fels-Klerx RIKILT – Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, the Netherlands

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This paper proposes an indicator based 'traffic light' model as a tool to pro-actively assess the occurrence of mycotoxins in tree nuts. The model is built using a holistic approach and, consequently, uses indicators from inside and outside the tree nut production chain as the basic elements. Temperature and relative humidity (pre-harvest), harvest and drying, storage and transport conditions, crop variety and crop damage were selected as indicators. For these indicators, measurable sub-indicators (model parameters) and risk categories were defined. With these insights, a 'traffic light' model was proposed that indicates the possible risk of occurrence of mycotoxins with colour signals; 'red' indicates high risk, 'yellow' medium risk, and 'green' low risk. The current model is specified for aflatoxins in hazelnuts but can easily be adapted for other mycotoxins and/or tree nuts. Governmental organisations and the commercial sector may use such a model to anticipate on the potential presence of mycotoxins by proactive risk management.

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