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Aflatoxin M1 contamination level in Iranian milk and dairy products: a systematic review and meta-analysis

In: World Mycotoxin Journal
Authors:
S. Hamzeh Pour Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

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S. Mahmoudi Students’ Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

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S. Masoumi Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

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S. Rezaie Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

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A. Barac Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.

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M. Ranjbaran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

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S. Oliya Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.

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F. Mehravar Health Management and Social Development Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.

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E. Sasani Department of Medical Mycology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.

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F. Noorbakhsh Department of Microbiology, Biological Science college, Varamin- pishva branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin-pishva, Iran.

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S. Khodavaisy Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

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Aflatoxin M1 is a derivate of aflatoxin B1 and an important contaminant of milk and dairy products. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted on relevant Persian and English original articles in national and international databases with no time limits until 1 January 2018. In total 605 articles were found among which 70 articles met the inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. The prevalence (95% confidence interval (CI)) and mean concentration (95% CI) of aflatoxin M1 was found to be 64% (53-75%) and 39.7 ng/l (31.9-47.4 ng/l) in raw milk, 95% (89-98%) and 62.3 ng/l (40.6-84 ng/l) in pasteurised milk, 71% (56-84%) and 60.1 ng/l (30.9-89.3 ng/l) in sterilised milk, 59% (20-93%) and 5.5 ng/l (3.3-7.7 ng/l) in breast milk and 72% (61-81%) and 82.3 ng/kg (63.7-100.9 ng/kg) in dairy products. In general, 9% (4-16%) of milks and 10% (4-17%) of dairy products had aflatoxin M1 in concentrations exceeding the permitted level of Iranian standards (500 ng/l). Based on the maximum permitted aflatoxin M1 concentration in standards of Europe (50 ng/l), these percentages increase to 25% (18-32%) for milks and 18% (9-29%) for dairy products. According to the results, further control and preventive measures should be applied on livestock feeds because decreased aflatoxin B1 contamination at this level results in decreased aflatoxin M1 in milk and dairy products.

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